“Amaloli” Omzimba Wakho Angabonakali
EZINSUKWINI ezinhlanu ezidlule kwakuyingqamuzana eline-nucleus. Kodwa ngemva kwenkathi ebucayi yokukhula nokwanda, okuhambisana nokufinyela okunamandla, i-nucleus yalo yaphuma. Manje seliyi-reticulocyte. Yini leyo? Ingqamuzana elibomvu legazi eliselincane, eselilungele ukungena emgudwini wegazi lakho. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezine kusukela manje, lizoshintsha libe yingqamuzana legazi elibomvu eselikhulile.
Leli ngqamuzana elincane linjengeloli. Lisebenzisa i-hemoglobin, iprotheni ethwala umoya-mpilo, ukuze lithwale “umthwalo” walo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi nokuphila kwalo okuyizinyanga ezine, leli “loli” lizohamba cishe amakhilomitha angu-250 emzimbeni wakho. Kunemithambo emincane yegazi engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi emzimbeni wakho, ethi uma ihlanganiswa, ibe nobude obungazungeza umhlaba kabili. Kudingeka izigidigidi zama-erythrocyte (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi) ukuze athuthele umoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakho.
Leli “loli” elincane lihlala lihamba egazini lakho. Isivinini salo siyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo. Leli ngqamuzana lifinyelela isivinini esiphakeme esingamasentimitha angu-120 ngomzuzwana uma lihamba “emgwaqweni omkhulu” wegazi osuka enhliziyweni—i-aorta. Njengoba leli ngqamuzana lingena “emigwaqweni emincane” emzimbeni, isivinini siya sincipha size sibe amamilimitha angu-0,3 ngomzuzwana emithanjeni esemaphethelweni omzimba.
Umsuka Wamangqamuzana Egazi
Kubantu abadala abaphilile, amangqamuzana amaningi egazi akhiqizwa umnkantsha. Nsuku zonke, umnkantsha wakho ukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,5, ama-granulocyte (amangqamuzana amhlophe) angaba yizigidi eziyinkulungwane kanye nezinhlayiya zegazi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,5 kulelo nalelo khilogremu lesisindo somzimba. Lokhu kuvala isikhala samangqamuzana alahleka nsuku zonke. Ngokuvamile kumuntu omdala, kufa izigidi zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kwakheke amasha njalo ngomzuzwana.
Ukuze-ke lingene egazini lisuka emnkantsheni, leli ngqamuzana elibomvu elisakhula lisondela emngceleni wemithambo emincane (ama-sinusoid) esemnkantsheni, lidlule embotshaneni okuthiwa i-migration pore, lingene egazini. Lizoqhubeka likhiqiza i-hemoglobin ezinye izinsuku ezingaba zintathu. Kodwa-ke, lapho seliyingqamuzana legazi elibomvu elikhulile, noma i-erythrocyte, lizowuyeka lowo msebenzi.
Ukujikeleza Kwegazi Elisuka Enhliziyweni Neliya Emaphashini
Ekhulwini le-17, odokotela bathola ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili zokujikeleza kwegazi. Enqubweni yokujikeleza kwegazi elisuka enhliziyweni, “amaloli” omzimba wakho angabonakali, okungamangqamuzana abomvu, asuka enhliziyweni aye ezicutshini zomzimba. Lapho, adiliva umoya-mpilo abese ethatha imfucumfucu eyisikhutha. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-internal respiration. Amangqamuzana abomvu abe esebuyela enhliziyweni. Enqubweni yokujikeleza kwegazi eliya emaphashini, “amaloli” athunyelwa emaphashini. Lapho, achitha imfucumfucu abese ethatha umoya-mpilo. Ngakho, ukujikeleza kwegazi eliya emaphashini kuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba uphefumule.
Lapho Amangqamuzana Entuleka
Ngezinye izikhathi kuba namangqamuzana abomvu egazi ambalwa kunokuvamile. Lesi isimo odokotela abathi i-anemia. Singase sibangelwe yizizathu ezihlukene, ezihlanganisa (1) ukuphazamiseka ekukhiqizweni noma ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, (2) ukufa kwawo ngobuningi, kanye (3) nokopha ngokweqile. I-anemia ingabangelwa nawukuvuvukala okungapheli noma izimila.
Kungaphakama izinkinga uma kunezakhi zensimbi eziningi ngokweqile noma ezincane ngokweqile egazini. Uma zintuleka, amangqamuzana abomvu awakhuli ngendlela evamile. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana aba mancane futhi aphaphatheke kunokuvamile. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa ngezakhi zensimbi kuyayilungisa le nkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi izinga lezakhi zensimbi egazini liphakama ngokweqile. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho amangqamuzana alimele ehlakazeka, akhiphele izakhi zensimbi esimisweni sokujikeleza kwegazi. Kancane kancane, zonke izitho zomzimba zingenwa ubuthi. Ukungena kobuthi enhliziyweni kuyingozi kakhulu. Iziguli ezinale nkinga cishe ziba nesifo esingamahlalakhona senhliziyo ebuthaka.
Kungadingeka izincwadi eziningi ukuchaza wonke umsebenzi owenziwa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi emzimbeni wakho, kodwa kusobala ukuthi umklamo wawo oyinkimbinkimbi omangalisayo, ochazwe ngokwengxenye nje lapha, uphakamisa ukuhlakanipha kwaLowo owaklama futhi wadala ukuphila. Ekhuluma ngoMdali omkhulu nohlakaniphile, omunye wabakhulekeli bakhe basendulo wathi: “Ngaye sinokuphila siyanyakaza futhi sikhona.”—IzEnzo 17:28.