Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ukupholisa Umoya Ngeqhwa

Iqhwa selisetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla omusha ehlobo, kubika i-Asahi Evening News yaseJapane. Edolobheni laseBibai eHokkaido, enyakatho yeJapane, ihlobo lifushane liyashisa kanti iqhwa liningi ebusika. Esikhundleni sokulilahla iqhwa, izisebenzi ziligcina ezinqolobaneni. Bese kuthi ehlobo, “umoya ujikeleziswe enqolobaneni ebandayo enkulu egcwele iqhwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhishwe njengomoya obandayo njengalowo osetshenziswa yisiqandisi,” kusho leli phephandaba. Lo moya obandayo usetshenziselwa ukupholisa izakhiwo ezifakwe izipholisa-moya zeqhwa, izimiso zokupholisa umoya eziklanywe ngokukhethekile ezisebenzisa iqhwa. Enye inzuzo ukuthi izinqolobane ezigcwele iqhwa zinomswakama omningi, osiza ekuhlanzeni umoya ngokumunca uthuli nephunga.

Isifo Sofuba Esibulalayo Esimelana Nemithi

Iphephandaba laseGoli i-Star libika ukuthi isifo sofuba esibulalayo esimelana nemithi enhlobonhlobo (multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis [MDRTB]), esesandile, singayishaya siyibhuqe imikhaya. Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo inani labaphethwe yiso liyoledlula elabaphethwe isifo sofuba (TB) esivamile” eNingizimu Afrika. Ngokwe-South African National Tuberculosis Association, iziguli eziphethwe yi-TB zingase zibe ne-MDRTB uma zisheshe ziyeka ukuphuza imithi noma uma zingayiphuzi ngokohlelo. I-TB eyingozi kakhulu emelana nemithi ingase ithelelwe abantu abangakaze baphathwe yi-TB. Imithi yokwelapha i-TB emelana nemithi ibiza ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20 kuneyokwelapha i-TB evamile futhi ayiphumeleli kahle—isigamu seziguli ezinalolu hlobo olumelana nemithi siyafa. Lo mbiko uthi inhlekelele ye-TB eNingizimu Afrika “ayisalawuleki nakuba imithi yokwelapha i-TB itholakala mahhala.” Abantu abayizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu emphakathini bane-TB engakatholakali engase ivuswe kalula yigciwane lengculaza.

Ingabe Iminyaka Engu-49 Ubudala Iyingozi?

‘Qaphelani nina enineminyaka engu-49 ubudala,’ kuxwayisa i-Asahi Shimbun. EJapane, amadoda anale minyaka aboshelwa ukubulala nokuzama ukubulala, maningi ukudlula noma yimaphi amanye. Abaneminyaka engu-49 baphinde bahambe phambili ngokulimaza abanye abantu. Bese kulandela abaneminyaka engu-47, balandelwe abaneminyaka engu-48 bese kuba abaneminyaka engu-45. Kungani bebaningi kangaka kule minyaka? Udokotela wezifo zengqondo waseTokyo uthi amadoda asecela eminyakeni engu-50 ubudala asefike esikhathini esibucayi sokuphila kwawo. Uthi: “Izingane zawo ziyazimela, kufanele anakekele abazali bawo asebegugile futhi ubuhlobo bawo nomkawo buba nzima. Asesimweni lapho engenamandla okulawula imizwa yawo, futhi amanye athatha ngamawala ngisho nalapho eyibona kusengaphambili ingozi.” Ngokwaleli phephandaba, isikweleti sendlu, imali yesikole, izingcindezi emsebenzini, ukudilizwa nemisebenzi engazinzile nakho kubangela ukucindezeleka ekuphileni kwamadoda asecela eminyakeni engu-50 ubudala.

Ukukhohlwa Kuhlangene Nobuchwepheshe?

I-Sunday Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi abanye odokotela eJapane, e-United States naseBrithani sebegxeka ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, njengemishini yokuhlela imisebenzi nezimiso zokuqondisa izimoto, ngokuthi benza abasebasha bakhohlwe kakhulu. Lab’ odokotela bathi imishini yesimanje inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchopho ekuxazululeni izinkinga, okushiya izisebenzi, kuhlanganise nalezo ezineminyaka eyevile kwengu-20 nengu-30, zingakwazi ukukhumbula amagama abantu, amagama abhalwayo noma izikhathi zemisebenzi ethile. UDkt. David Cantor we-Psychological Services Institute e-Atlanta, eGeorgia, e-U.S.A., uthi: “Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwaziswa okuningi ngokweqile kwenza kube nzima ngabanye abantu ukubamba ukwaziswa okusha . . . Laba bantu bayazikhohlwa izinto ngoba bebephazamiseke kakhulu ukuba bangazibamba ekuqaleni.” UDkt. Takashi Tsukiyama waseTokyo uphawula ukuthi lezi zinkinga “azihlangene nobudala bomuntu kodwa zihlangene nendlela [yakho] yokuphila, njengokungabusebenzisi ngokwanele ubuchopho bakho.”

“Inkinga Yangempela Yempilo Yomphakathi”

Ngokwezibalo zikahulumeni, ukuzibulala kuyimbangela yesi-8 kweziphambili zokufa kwabantu baseMelika. Abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kuka-30 000 bayazibulala unyaka ngamunye, futhi njalo ngonyaka bangaphezu kuka-650 000 abazama ukuzibulala. Ingosi yezindaba i-Reuters ithi kubantu ababili ababulewe kunabangaphezu kwabathathu abazibulele. Amaqembu kahulumeni nazimele athi ukuzibulala “kuyinkinga yangempela yempilo yomphakathi.” UDavid Satcher, udokotela omkhulu ohlinzayo wase-United States, uthi: “Baningi abathintwa yinhlekelele yokuzibulala esikhathini sokuphila kwabo.” I-Reuters ibika ukuthi ezinye zezici ezihlobene nokuzibulala zihlanganisa “ukucindezeleka, imizwa yokuphelelwa yithemba nokungabi nalusizo, nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala nezinye izidakamizwa.”

Ukungafundwa KweBhayibheli

Nakuba ngokuvamile iBhayibheli belihlonishwa e-United States, ukuhlola kwamuva kutholé ukuthi bangamaphesenti angu-16 kuphela abazisholo ukuthi bangamaKristu lapho abathi bafunda iBhayibheli nsuku zonke. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-Sun Herald yaseBiloxi, eMississippi, e-U.S.A., okunye ukuhlola kwabonisa ukuthi abantu ababili kuphela kwabayishumi abakwazi ukusho umuntu owanikeza iNtshumayelo YaseNtabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo abahlolwa babekwazi ukusho emithathu noma emine kuphela yeMiyalo Eyishumi.

Isiphuzo Sikapapamuzi Nemithi

Ukuphuza imithi egunyazwe udokotela kanye nesiphuzo sikapapamuzi kungenyusa “ingozi yokuba ikuphathe kabi futhi, ezimweni ezimbalwa, [kungaba] nemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu,” kubika i-UC Berkeley Wellness Letter. Imithi eyinhloko enale ngozi ihlanganisa imithi yokunciphisa amafutha egazini, imithi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-calcium channel blocker, kanye nemithi ethile edambisa izinzwa. Nokho, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi akubona bonke abantu ebaphatha kabi le mithi, futhi akuzona zonke iziphuzo zikapapamuzi ezibanga inkinga. I-Wellness Letter ithi: “Uma kunemithi oyisebenzisayo bese uphuza isiphuzo sikapapamuzi, buza usokhemisi wakho ngethonya lokhu okungase kube nalo.”

Inkumbulo Enjengeyendlovu?

Abacwaningi abasebenza e-Amboseli National Park eKenya baye bathola ukuthi esinye sezihluthulelo zokusinda komhlambi wezindlovu yinkumbulo yendlovukazi endala. “Izindlovu ezindala emhlanjini, izindlovukazi ezineminyaka okungenani engu-55 ubudala, zikwazi kahle kakhulu ukuhlukanisa abangane nezihambi kunalezo . . . ezineminyaka engu-35 ubudala,” kubika i-Science News. Ngokukhumbula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhala kokuxhumana, noma ukuvungazela, izindlovukazi ezindala zizwa ukukhala okungavamile bese zihlela umhlambi ngendlela ezowuvikela. Lo mbiko uthi “indlovukazi ikwazi ukuzwa cishe ontanga abayikhulu ngokukhala kwabo.” Ngakho, lapho abazingela ngokungemthetho bebulala indlovu endala, kusho ukulahleka kwenqolobane enkulu yolwazi emhlanjini wonke.

Umbulali Ohamba Phambili

“Utshwala bubulala intsha engu-55 000 ngonyaka,” kubika iphephandaba lesiFulentshi eliphuma nsuku zonke, i-Figaro. Ngokwe-World Health Organization (WHO), utshwala bungumbulali ohamba phambili wamadoda aseYurophu aneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-29 ubudala futhi bunengxenye ekufeni kwabantu abangamaphesenti angu-25. Leli phephandaba lithi lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubulawa “ukudakwa, izingozi zomgwaqo, ukuzibulala nokubulala abanye abantu.” Lesi simo sibi nakakhulu kwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu, lapho “ingxenye yesithathu yezinsizwa izofa ngokushesha khona ngenxa yokuphuza ngokweqile.” Engqungqutheleni eyayiseStockholm, eSweden, uDkt. Gro Harlem Brundtland, umqondisi-jikelele we-WHO, wagxeka ukudayisa ngentshiseko kwabakhiqizi botshwala, okukwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngentsha ukuba “nesimo sengqondo esilinganiselayo nesinempilo ngotshwala.”

Okungakwenza Ujabule

“Isihluthulelo sokuphila okwanelisayo asikona ukuba nemali eningi ebhange. Eqinisweni, ukuceba, ukuba nodumo nokuba nethonya kuyindlela enamathuba amancane okukunika ukwaneliseka,” ngokocwaningo olusha lwezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo. UKennon Sheldon wase-University of Missouri-Columbia, e-United States, uthi: “Emiphakathini yaseNtshonalanga, izikhangiso eziningi zisikisela ukuthi kufanele sibe bahle, sibe nodumo futhi sicebe. Kungase kukhuphule ezentengiselwano, kodwa labo ababambeka kulolo gibe abanayo neze injabulo.” Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-Independent yaseLondon, ukuhlolwa okwenziwa kubafundi basekolishi abangaphezu kuka-700 kwembula ukuthi labo bafundi bathi “ukuzethemba” “nokuba nobuhlobo obuseduze nabanye” kwakuyizici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekubenzeni bajabule. Imali yayingabalwa njengesizathu sokujabula. Leli phephandaba lithi inkolelo yokuthi “‘labo abacabanga ukuthi imali ngeke iyithenge injabulo abazi ukuthi kumelwe bathenge kuphi’ isichithiwe.”