Chii Chinokonzera Hosha Dzekudya?
“Hosha yekudya haingoerekani yavapo. Chiratidzo, chiziviso chokuti pane chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka muupenyu hwemunhu.”—Nancy Kolodny, mushandi wenzanga.
HOSHA dzekudya hadzisi itsva. Anorexia nervosa yakatanga kunyatsozikanwa muna 1873, uye zviratidzo zvacho zvinonzi zvakatanga kuoneka makore 300 chaiwo apfuura. Zvisinei, kubvira muHondo Yenyika II, nhamba yevane anorexia inoita seyakawedzera zvinoshamisa. Ndozvakaitawo bulimia. Hosha yacho yave ichizivikanwa kwemazana emakore, asi mumakumi emakore mashomanana apfuura “yakawedzera zvinoshamisa,” sokutaurwa kwazvo nerimwe bhuku renyaya yacho.
Chii chinokonzera hosha dzekudya? Ndedzekuzvarwa nadzo here, kana kuti kuita zvisingafungirwi kwemunhu ari munzanga inorumbidza kuva mutete? Ko mhuri ine chekuitai nazvo? Mibvunzo iyi haipinduriki nyore. Sokutaura kunoita mushandi wenzanga Nancy Kolodny, achirondedzera hosha yekudya anoti, “kuziva hakusi nyore sekuziva hosha yakadai segwirikwiti kana kuti chibhokisi, apo chiremba anonyatsoziva chinokonzera, mabatire aunoiita, kuti chirwere chacho chichapedza nguva yakareba zvakadini, uye mutoo wokurapa nawo wakanakisisa.”
Zvisinei, vanzveri vanotaura zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvingakonzera kutanga kwehosha dzekudya. Ngationei zvishomanana zvacho.
Tsika Yekuva Mutete
Munyika dzakabudirira maindasitiri efashoni anoratidza vacherechedzi vechiduku vanoororwa vanhu vanoratidza mbatya dzokutengesa vatete, vachivadzidzisa vachida vasingadi pfungwa yokuti musikana akanaka chete kana ari mutete. Mashoko aya akavhiringidzika anomanikidzira vakadzi kuedza kuva nemuviri usina utano hwakanaka uye usingasvikiki. Dr. Christine Davies anoti: “Mukadzi ari pakati nepakati ane masendimita 168 nemakirogiramu 66. Asi anoratidza mbatya dzokutengesa ane masendimita 180 nemakirogiramu 50. Zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe nezvishanu muzana zvedu hatisviki ipapo uye hatizombofa takapasvika.”
Pasinei zvapo nechokwadi ichi, vamwe vakadzi vanonyanyisa kuti vave nemuviri unonzi ndiwo wakanaka. Somuenzaniso, mukuongororwa kwevakadzi 3 452 kwakaitwa muna 1997, 24 muzana vakataura kuti vaizoda kurasikirwa nemakore matatu oupenyu hwavo kuti vatetepe kusvika pavanoda. Kuvashoma vakati kuti, vakaongorora vakataura kuti, “upenyu hwakakodzera kurarama chete kana uri mutete.” Sezvo 22 muzana yevakaongororwa yakataura kuti vanhu vanoratidza mbatya dzokutengesa vemumagazini efashoni ndivo vakaita kuti vachinje chimiro chomuviri wavo pavaiva vaduku, mashoko acho akagumisa kuti: “Hazvichaita kuti tirambe kuti miviri yevanhu vanoratidza mbatya dzokutengesa vanobuda mumapepa vane chekuita zvikuru kwazvo nemaonere anozviita vakadzi.”
Chokwadika, avo vanonyanyokuvadzwa nepfungwa yezvinonzi zvakanaka nemapepa ndivo vagara vasinganzwi zvakanaka pamusoro pezvavari. Sekutaura kunoita mumwe mushandi wenzanga wezveutano Ilene Fishman, “chinokosha kuzviremekedza.” Zvakacherechedzwa kuti kashoma kuti vanhu vanobvuma zvavari vatange kushushikana nezvekudya.
Kudya Nemanzwire
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti kune zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa nehosha dzekudya kupfuura zvokudya. “Hosha yekudya chiratidzo chokuti zvinhu zvaipa,” anodaro mushandi wenzanga Nancy Kolodny, “chinokuudza kuti unofanira kuongorora mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu muupenyu hwako auri kufuratira kana kuti kusaitira hanya. Hosha yekudya chiyeuchidzo chokuti hausi kutaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvinotambudza kana funganyo chero dzipi hadzo dzaungave unadzo.”
Rudzii rwezvinotambudza nefunganyo? Kune vamwe zvingava zvinetso pamba. Somuenzaniso, Geneen Roth anoyeuka kuti paaiva pwere, zvekudya—kunyanya, zvihwitsi—ndizvo “zvai[mu]dzivirira pairoverwa magonhi nepaikwidzwa manzwi.” Anoti: “Pandainzwa kuti kurwa kwevabereki kwava kuda kutanga. Ndaichinja zvokufunga, semarerukire akaita kuchinja kwaunoita nhepfenyuro yeTV, kubva pakushaya zvokuita kuzvidzivirira pana baba namai vangu ndichipinda munyika isina chimwe chinhu kunze kwangu nekutapira kwemukanwa mangu.”
Dzimwe nguva hosha yekudya ine zvimwe zvikonzero zvakatosimba kupfuura izvozvo. Somuenzaniso, The New Teenage Body Book rinotaura kuti: “Kunzvera kwakaratidza kuti avo vakatambudzwa muvatano (kubatwa zvisina kufanira) vangaedza vasingazivi kuzvidzivirira nokuita kuti miviri yavo isakwezva uye nokuisa pfungwa dzavo pane chimwe chinhu chisingakuvadzi chakadai sezvekudya.”Chokwadika, vanhu havafaniri kukurumidza kugumisa kuti munhu ane hosha yekudya akabatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano.
Mbeu dzehosha yekudya dzingadyarwa muringaratidzika sevhu rakanaka. Chokwadi, munhu anonyanyodiwa neanorexia angava musikana anogara munzvimbo maasingagoni kusarudza zvaanoda pachake kana kuti kutaura zvinhu zvakaipa zvaanonzwa. Nechekunze, anobvuma; asi mukati, ari kutambura uye anonzwa kuti haagoni kudzora upenyu hwake. Asina chivindi chokupanduka pachena, anoisa pfungwa dzake paupenyu hwake hwaanogona kudzora—muviri wake.
Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, hosha dzokudya hadzikonzerwi nguva dzose nechinetso mumhuri kana kuti kutambudzwa muvatano. Kune vamwe, hosha dzekudya dzinotanga nemhaka bedzi yokuti uremu inhau inotonga mumhuri. Zvimwe mumwe mubereki akafutisa kana kuti anogara ari padhayeti uye anoita kuti kungwarirwa kwezvokudya kwakapfuuridza mwero kutange—kana kuti kutozvitya chaiko. Kune vamwe, kutanga kuputudza pachako ndechimwe chikonzero. Kuchinja kwomuviri uko kwagara kunofanira kuitika pakuchinja kuti munhu ave munhu mukuru kungaita kuti musikana anzwe kuti akafuta—kunyanya kana akakurumidza kukura kupfuura vamwe vake. Angaita zvinhu zvokunyanyisa kuti adzivise kuchinja kwekukura kwevakadzi kana akaona kuchinja uku kuchityisa.
Mukuwedzera pazvikonzero zvendangariro zvavanotaura, vamwe vanzveri vanotaura kuti pangava nechikonzero chomuviri chinobatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, bulimia ingave ichikonzerwa nemakemikoro europi hwemunhu anayo. Vanotaura kuti nhengo youropi inodzora manzwire nekuda kudya ndiyo ine chokuita nenhau yacho uye izvi zvinotsanangura nei mishonga yokuora mwoyo dzimwe nguva ichishanda kuderedza zviratidzo zvebulimia.
Chero zvazviri, zvakaomera vanzveri kuwana chikonzero chimwe chete chinosakisa anorexia kana kuti bulimia. Asi chii chingaitwa kubatsira avo vari kutambura nehosha idzi dzokudya?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 27]
Vane “anorexia” kazhinji vanoona chitarisiko chavo zvisirizvo
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]
Vemapepa vanotsigira pfungwa isiriyo yokuti kuva mutete ndiko kunaka