Anorexia Uye Bulimia—Chokwadi, Nengozi

“Zvokudya zvinoremera ndangariro kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho chinogona kuyerwa mumacalorie kana magiramu.”—Janet Greeson, munyori.

ANOREXIA neBulimia ndidzo hosha mbiri dzekudya dzinonyanyozivikanwa. Imwe neimwe ine zvinoisiyanisa neimwe. Asi sezvatichaona, dzose dzinogona kuva dzine ngozi—kunyange kuuraya.

Anorexia—Kuzviziyisa Nenzara

Vanorwara neAnorexia, zvimwe vanoramba kudya kana kuti vanodya zvishomanana zvokuti vanodya zvisina kukwana. Funga nezvaAntoinette, ane makore 17, anotaura kuti pane imwe nguva uremu hwake hwakaderera kusvika pamakirogiramu 37—hwakaderera kwazvo kupwere yakareba masendimita 170. “Ndaisadya zvinhu zvine macalorie anopfuura 250 pazuva uye ndaichengeta kabhuku kezvinhu zvandaidya,” anodaro.

Vane anorexia vanonyanya kuzvishusha nezvokudya, uye vanoita zvakapfuuridza mwero kuti vasafute. “Ndakatanga kupfira zvandaidya pakachira kekupukutisa muromo ndichinyepera kupukuta muromo wangu,” anodaro Heather. Susan akaedza zvakaoma kurovedza muviri kuti aonde. “Anenge mazuva ose,” anodaro, “ndaimhanya makiromita gumi nemaviri, kana kuti kushambira kweawa imwe, kana kuti kufunganya nekuzvipa mhaka kwakakomba. Uye mangwanani oga oga ndaifara zvisingatauriki, kazhinji ndipo poga pandainyatsofarawo, nokukwira pachikero kuti ndione kuti ndairema zvaiva pasi pemakirogiramu 45.”

Zvinoshamisa kuti, vamwe vane anorexia vanogona kubika zvinonaka kwazvo uye vanopa vanhu machikichori ezvokudya izvo ivo pachavo vasingabati. “Pandaive ndanyanya kuperezeka,” anodaro Antoinette, “ndaibika zvokudya zvose pamba uye ndaibika zvokudya zvemasikati zvokutakura zvehanzvadzi yangu nemunun’una wangu. Ndaisavabvumira kusvika pedyo nefiriji. Ndainzwa sokuti kicheni yaiva yangu ndoga.”

Maererano nebhuku rinonzi A Parent’s Guide to Anorexia and Bulimia, vamwe vane anorexia “vanova neutsanana hwakapfuuridza mwero uye vangarayira kuti mhuri yose isvike pavanoda pasingaiti. Hapana magazini kana kuti mapatapata kana kapu ingasiyiwa iri paisingafaniri kuva kwenguva pfupi. Nemutoo wakafanana, kana kutopfuura, vangashushikana nerucheno rwemuviri nechitarisiko, vachipedza maawa vari mubhavhu vakakiya gonhi vachirambidza vamwe kupinda kuti vagadzirire kuenda kuchikoro kana kubasa.”

Hosha iyi isina kujairika inonzi anorexia inotanga sei? Zvinowanzoitika ndezvokuti, pwere kana kuti munhu abva zera—kazhinji kacho mukadzi—anotanga kuda kuva mutete. Zvisinei, paanosvika paari kuda, haagutsikani. Achitarisa mugirazi, anozviona achakangofuta, saka anofunga kuti kubvisa mamwe makirogiramu mashomanana zvingatova nani. Izvi zvinoramba zvichiitika kusvika uremu hwemunhu hwaderera ne15 muzana kana kupfuura hunofanira kuva uremu hunowirirana nekureba kwake.

Padanho iri shamwari nemitezo yemhuri vanotanga kutaura kushushikana kwairi kuita kuti munhu ari kuda kuva mutete anyanya kutetepa, kutoonda chaiko. Asi ane anorexia anoona zvinhu nenzira yakasiyana. “Handina kumbofunga kuti ndaondoroka,” anodaro Alan, murume akareba masendimita 175 ane anorexia uyo pane imwe nguva akadzikira uremu kusvika pamakirogiramu 33. “Paunonyanya kuderera uremu, ndipo paunobva wanyanya kuvhiringidzika pfungwa dzako uye unotadza kuzviona zvakanaka,”a anodaro.

Nokufamba kwenguva, anorexia inogona kukonzera zvinetso zvoutano zvakakomba, kubatanidza osteoporosis nekukuvara kweitsvo. Inogona kutouraya. “Chiremba wangu akandiudza kuti ndakanga ndanyima muviri wangu zvekudya zvaunoda zvakawanda kwazvo zvokuti kudai ndakapedza mimwe mwedzi miviri ndine tsika yangu iyoyo yokudya, ndingadai ndakafa nekushaya zvokudya zvakakwana,” anodaro Heather. The Harvard Mental Health Letter inotaura kuti kwenguva inopfuuura makore gumi, zvinenge zvikamu zvishanu muzana zvevakadzi zvinowanika zvine anorexia zvinofa.

Bulimia—Kudyisa Nekuzvibudisa

Hosha yekudya inonzi bulimia nervosa inozivikanwa nekudyisa (kukurumidza kudya zvekudya zvakawanda, pamwe macalorie anosvika ku5 000 kana kupfuura) uye zvobudiswa (kugeza mudumbu, kazhinji nokurutsa kana kuti kushandisa mishonga yemanyoka).b

Kusiyana neanorexia, bulimia haisi nyore kuona. Munhu anayo angasatetepa zvinoshamisa, uye madyire ake angaratidzika seanongoita munhu wose—kune vamwe. Asi kumunhu ane bulimia, chokwadi upenyu hunenge husina kuita sehwemunhu wose. Chokwadi, anoshushikana kwazvo nezvokudya zvokuti zvimwe zvinhu zvose hazvikoshi. “Pandainyanya kudya nekurutsa, ndipo pandaibva ndanyanya kusava nehanya nezvimwe zvinhu kana vanhu,” anodaro Melinda ane makore 16. “Chaizvoizvo ndakakanganwa kufara neshamwari.”

Geneen Roth, munyori nemudzidzisi wehosha dzekudya, anorondedzera kudyisa se“kupenga kwemaminiti makumi matatu, kusvetukira muhero.” Anotaura kuti pakudyisa “hapana chinokosha—shamwari, kana mhuri . . . Hapana chinokosha kunze kwezvekudya.” Mumwe aiva nehosha yacho ane makore 17 anonzi Lydia anorondedzera hosha yake nemashoko akanyatsojeka akajairika. “Ndinonzwa semuchina unogaya marara,” anodaro. “Zvikande mukanwa, zvitsenge, wozvirutsa. Zvimwe chete izvozvo, zvichiramba zvichingodzokororwa.”

Munhu ane bulimia anonetsekera kudzivisa kufuta kunenge kwakonzerwa nokudya kwake kusingadzorwi. Nokudaro, achangopedza kudyisa, zvimwe anozvirutsisa kana kuti kunwa mishonga inoitisa manyoka kuti abudise zvokudya zvisati zvachinjwa kuva mafuta omuviri.c Nepo kufunga izvozvo kwoga kungasafadza, munhu ane bulimia azvijaira haazvioni saizvozvo. “Paunonyanya kudyisa nokurutsa, ndipo pazvinobva zvatonyanya kukuitira nyore,” anotsanangura kudaro mumwe mushandi wenzanga anonzi Nancy Kolodny. “Kunzwa kusazvida kana kuti kunyange kutya kwaunotanga uchiita kunokurumidza kutsiviwa nekuda kudzokorora tsika idzi dzechibulimia.”

Bulimia ine ngozi zvikuru kwazvo. Somuenzaniso, kuramba uchibudisa nokurutsa kunosakisa kuti mukanwa muve nemaasidhi emudumbu anogona kukuvadza, anogona kudya enamel yemazino emunhu ane bulimia. Tsika yacho inogonawo kukuvadza gurokuro, chiropa, mapapu, nemwoyo zvemunhu ane hosha yacho. Kana kukanyanyisa, kurutsa kunogona kukonzera kutsemuka kwematumbu uye kunyange rufu. Mishonga inoitisa manyoka ikanyanyisa inogonawo kuva ine ngozi. Inogona kukanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwematumbu uye inogonawo kukonzera manyoka uye kubuda ropa nekunobuda nako tsvina zvisingaperi. Sezvakangoita kuramba uchirutsa, kushandisa mishonga inoitisa manyoka zvisina kufanira kunogona kukonzera rufu, kana kukanyanyisa.

Maerano neNational Institute of Mental Health, hosha dzekudya dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera. Chii chinoita kuti imwe mhandara itambe norufu nokuzviziyisa nenzara? Nei imwe ichidyisa zvokuzvimbirwa uye yoshushikana kwazvo neuremu hwayo zvokuti inonzwa ichimanikidzirwa kubudisa zvayadya? Mibvunzo iyi ichapindurwa munyaya inotevera.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]