Mhuka Dzomusango Dzapasi Dziri Kutsakatika
YAKANYORWA NOMUNYORI WEMUKAI! MUAUSTRALIA
HAUFARI here kuona nokunzwa mhuka dzomusango mhenyu—tiger, hove huru, kana kuti gorilla? Kuchengeta koala? Kunzwa pasi pachitinhira nechekure pachitsikwa nemahwanda anotsika nesimba emapoka emhuka ari kure seuko ziso rinogona kuona? Nenzira inosuruvarisa, zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vangasatongofarikanya zviitiko zvinofadza zvakadaro—kutoti kushanyira miyuziyemu, kurava bhuku, kana kuti kutarira sikirini yekombiyuta kukarangarirwa sechiitiko chinofadza. Neiko kwakadaro?
Nemhaka yokuti sezvaunorava nyaya ino chaiyo, zviuru zvezvinomera nemhuka zviri kuendeswa nenzira inopfuurira kukutsakatika. Dr. Edward O. Wilson, nyanzvi yokudzidzwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu paHarvard University, anofungidzira kuti marudzi 27 000 pagore, kana kuti matatu paawa, ari kutsakatika. Pauyu mwero, marudzi apasi anosvika ku20 muzana anogona kutsakatika mumakore 30. Asi mwero wokutsakatika hausi kuramba usingachinji; uri kukura. Kunokarirwa kuti panosvika kuvamba kwezana ramakore rinotevera, mazana amarudzi achatsakatika zuva rimwe nerimwe!
Chave kudokutsakatika chipembere chomuAfrica. Kuuraya mhuka kusiri kwapamutemo kwakaderedza zvikuru nhamba dzacho kubva pa65 000 kusvikira ku2 500 mumakore asingasviki 20. Maorangutan asingasviki 5 000 asara mumasango ari kuderera eBorneo neSumatra. Zvinorarama mumvura zvakaparadzwawo. Mumwe nyajambwa ihove inokwezva inonzi baiji dolphin yeRwizi rweYangtze rwekuChina. Kusvibiswa kwemvura uye kukukudza zvakasiya zana rimwe bedzi, uye dzose dzingafa mukati memakore gumi.
“Masayendisiti edzidzo dzakasiyana-siyana haabvumirani pamusoro pezvinhu zvakawanda,” anodaro Linda Koebner muZoo Book, “asi pamusoro pekurumidziro yokuchengetedza marudzi neutano hwezvinhu zvipenyu zvapasi, vanobvumirana: Makore makumi mashanu anotevera akaoma zvikuru.”
Ndiani Ane Mhaka?
Nhamba yevanhu inowedzera yakawedzera mwero wokutsakatika, asi dzvinyiriro yenhamba yevanhu yoga haigoni kupiwa mhaka yose. Zvisikwa zvakawanda—shiri inonzi passenger pigeon, moa, great auk, uye mhuka inonzi thylacine, kungodudza shomanene chete —dzakaparadzwa nhamba yevanhu iyo pachayo isati yatyisidzira. Dr. J. D. Kelly, mutungamiriri weBoka reNew South Wales, Australia, Renzvimbo Dzemapaka Anochengeterwa Mhuka, anoti nezvechinyorwa chenyika iyoyo: “Kurasikirwa nemhatsa huru yamarudzi emiti neemhuka kubvira apo nyika yacho yakapambwa muna 1788 kunonyadzisa nyika.” Iyi tsinhiro pasina mubvunzo ndeyechokwadi nezvedzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Inokarakadzawo kuti kune zvisakiso zvakashata zvokutsakatika—kusaziva uye makaro.
Nemhaka yedambudziko romunyika yose rokutsakatika, mubetseri mutsva neasingakarirwi akava pamberi achitsigira mhuka dziri kurwirwa—nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka. Nenzira inowedzera, idzi nzvimbo dziri pakati pemadhorobha ndidzo utiziro hwokupedzisira hwamarudzi akawanda. Asi nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka hadzina kutandauka, uye mhuka dzomusango dzinodhura uye dzakaoma kuchengeta. Panewo rutivi rwetsika rwokudzichengeta dzakapfigirwa, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kungaitwa netsitsi. Uyezve, munzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka idzo dzinotsamira chose chose pakupa mari kworudzi rwomunhu uye miitiro yezvematongerwe enyika isina simba neyezvoupfumi, inochinja-chinja kazhinji kazhinji. Naizvozvo idzi mhuka dziri kutiza kubva kusango dzakakotsekana sei chaizvoizvo?
[Bhokisi riri papeji 3]
Kutsakatika Ndokwemusikirwo Here?
“Kutsakatika hakusi rutivi rwegadziriro yomusikirwo yezvinhu here? Mhinduro ndeyokuti aiwa, zvimwe kwete pamwero wakwakaitika nawo nguva dzichangobva kupfuura. Muakawanda zvikurusa amakore 300 akapfuura mwero wokutsakatika kwamarudzi wakanga uri runenge rumwe pagore. Iko zvino mwero wokutsakatika kwamarudzi kunoparirwa navanhu wave kupeta iwoyo nekanenge kane chiuru. . . . Chisakiso chouku kuwedzera kunokurumidza mumwero wokutsakatika mabasa evanhu.”—The New York Public Library Desk Reference.
“Ndakakatyamadzwa nezvisikwa zvizhinji, zvakaparara nenzira yechienzi, uye ndakasuruvariswa, kazhinji kazhinji kutsamwiswa, nekutsakatika kwazvo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda zvikurusa ave ari Munhu kupfurikidza nemakaro kana kuti utsinye, kusaitira hanya kana kuti kusakendeka uyo nenzira yakananga kana kuti isina kunanga ave ari chisakiso chouku kutsakatika.”—David Day, The Doomsday Book of Animals.
“Mabasa avanhu ari kuparira kutsakatika kwamarudzi asati aonekwa.”—Biological Conservation.