Kudziridza Miitiro Yokutyaira Yakakotsekana

KUKOTSEKANA, kungwarira, kutsiga, kusvinurira, kunyanyosvinurira, kusatsiga, kusakendenga, kuva nengozi—idzi dzose irondedzerwo dzavatyairi. Ndeipi inoshanda kwauri? Vatyairi vazhinjisa vangazvirangarira ivo vamene kuva vatyairi vakakotsekana navanongwarira, asika vatakurwi vavo navamwe vashandisi vomugwagwa vangava vasingaongi.

Chimwe chinhu chinodikanwa chokutyaira zvakakotsekana ndiyo motokari yakafanirwa nokufamba pamugwagwa.

Ko Motokari Yako Yakafanirwa Nokufamba Pamugwagwa Here?

Dzimwe nyika dzinonzvera mugariro wezvinhu zvemotokari neinjini panhambo dzenguva dzose. Miuyo inowanzova inokatyamadza. MuFrance, somuenzaniso, kunzverwa kwazvino uno kwemotokari dzagara kwamakore mashanu kwakaratidzira kuti 73 muzana yaiva mumugariro wapakati napakati, usino kutsarukana zvikuru, kana kuti zvimwe kunyange une ngozi.

Kukubetsera kunzvera motokari yako umene, uchakuwana kuchibetsera kutevera muitiro wakafanana zvikuru sezvinoita vatyairi vendege kusimbisira kuti zvose zvagadzirirwa nokuda kwokubhururuka. Kunzvera kunokarakadzwa kunoratidzirwa papeji 8.

Kana une motokari yakafanirwa nokufamba pamugwagwa, yakasanonyoreswa kuinishuwarenzi uye inogamuchirwa pamutemo, unoda bvumiro inoshanda yokutyaira. Kuti uwane iyoyi, unofanira kutesitwa. Uchakunda here kana kuti uchakundikana?

Bvunzo Yokutyaira

Vatyairi vazhinji vanodzidza vanorangarira bvunzo yokutyaira seyakaoma. Zvamazvirokwazvo iyo musoro mukuru wekurukurirano pakati pavo. Bvunzo inosiana munyika nenyika.

MuFrance, somune dzimwe nyika zhinji, vatyairi vanofunda vanoita bvunzo yokutyaira mumativi maviri, kutyaira nokuva noruzivo. MuGermany, kurovedza kunobatanidza murairidzo weyamuro yokutanga wechokuita pachinoitika chetsaona. Mukuwedzera, zviremera zvaikoku zvinoisa mwero werovedzo yeawa rimwe nehafu mukutyaira usiku uyewo kutyaira kunopfuura maawa maviri mumugwagwa mukuru (mugwagwa wavose). Kana mufundi akakunda bvunzo yomunzveri, iye anowana rezinesi rokunzverwa rinogara kwamakore maviri. Kana nguva iyoyi ikapfuura asina kuita tsaona rezinesi rechigarire rinopiwa.

Japan inoomerera pamaawa anobvira pa 30 kusvikira ku 60 omurairidzo wokurovedza unobva kuvarairidzi vakakwaniriswa vokutyaira, uchiteverwa nebvunzo yamativi matatu: rezvokurapa (nokuda kwokuona, kusakwanisa kutsauranisa ruvara, kunzwa), kutyaira (nokuda kwounyanzvi hwokutyaira), nezvakanyorwa (pamusoro pemirairo yomumugwagwa).

Mukuwirirana neThe Times yeLondon, “muedzo wokutyaira wakaoma ndowokukurira mazano avaAmerica vakatsamwa [vanogara ikoko].” Une mwero wavanokundikana vane 51 muzana (vanoenzanisirwa ne 15 muzana muU.S.A.), unorangarirwa kuva “mumwe weyakaomesesa zvikuru munyika.”

Mitsaukano inopfuura zvikuru unyanzvi. Ben Yoshida, uyo ane chikoro chokutyaira muNew York, anobvuma, kuti: “MuTokyo, munzveri anoedza [vatyairi] pamurangariro wokuti ivo vanosanogona kutyaira sei motokari muunyanzvi, asi muUnited States, iye anoedza kuona kuti ivo vanogona kutyaira zvakakotsekana sei.”

Ipi kana ipi ingava mitsaukano, vatyairi vose vanodikanirwa kuzvishandisa vamene kuti vatyaire zvakakotsekana. Ko ivo vanogona sei kuita ikoku?

Mumwe mudzimai wechiNgezi, uyo akaita bvunzo yake yokutyaira paakanga ava namakore 50 ezera ndokukunda, akakuwana kuchibetsera kugadzirira kupfurikidza nokufunda kwazvo Highway Code yeBritain.a Asi seneunyanzvi hupi nohupi, iye akawana kuti zvakawanda zvinodikanwa zvinopfuura kufunda bhuku.

Kurovedza kunodikanwa. Kana uri mutyairi mutsva, dzidza kutyaira zvakakotsekana mumigariro yakasiana. Somuenzaniso, apo mugariro wokunze unochinja, ndozvinoitawo mugariro wapamusoro pomugwagwa. Kunyange zvazvo kungava bedzi nebvunapfuna remvura, kubata kwamatai emotokari yako hakuzati kuchizova kunoshanda sapamugwagwa wakaoma. Naizvozvo, sipidhi dzakaderera dzinova pamwe chete nokungwarira kukuru zvikuru ngozi dzomumugwagwa zvino zviri madikanwa. Dzvotsoma remvura rinovigira zvinetso zvakawedzera, zvakadai saapo mvura dzinofashaidzwa mushure memotokari dzinodzivisa kuona kwako mberi zvakajeka. Hungu, iva akarovedzana nemigariro yomugariro wokunze yakasiana-siana uye gadziridza kutyaira kwako mukuwirirana nayo.

Zvimwe iwe hauzati uri makanika anokwaniriswa. Chokwadika, “hakuna nomumwe muvatyairi vashanu anoziva mweya wamatai emotokari yake kana kuti nhambo dzainofanira kugadzirwa nadzo,” inodaro Daily Mail yeLondon, ichiwedzera, kuti: “Hakuna nomumwe muvatatu anomborava hake bhuku remotokari uye vanenge vose vanovhiringidzwa neinjini dzazvino uno.” Zvakadiniko newe?

Kunyange zvazvo kusati kuri madikanwa kuziva udzame hwose hwezvinhu zvomuchina wemotokari dzanhasi, kwakanaka kuziva zvinhu zvehwaro. Ikoku kuchakubetsera kukudziridza ‘kuva noruzivo rwemotokari.’

Vandudza Mano Ako

Kukunda bvunzo yako yokutyaira kuchakupa kunzwa kwakanaka, pfungwa yokubudirira. Asika chii zvino? Uchaita kuti mipimo yako iderere here? “Kazhinji kazhinji pashure pokukunda bvunzo, vatyairi vazhinji vanova vanoti regeredzei,” anotsinhira kudaro munzveri wokutyaira. Iye anogovera iyi pangiro: “Ziva ganhuriro dzako neganhuriro dzemotokari mumigariro yakasiana. Kutozosvikira wawana idzodzo, une bviro yokuva netsaona.” Mumwe mutyairi akabvuma, kuti: “Kudai ndaizotyaira nenzira yandakaita nayo mavhiki mashomanene okutanga pashure pebvunzo yangu, ndingava mutyairi akakotsekana zvikuru.” Neiko kwakadaro? Iye anobvuma, kuti: “Zvino ndinozvipinza mungozi dzakawanda.”

Pakukunda bvunzo yako, unoratidzira kuti iwe zvikurukuru uri mutyairi akakotsekana. Kuti ugova mutyairi akanaka, zvino unofanira kupfuurira kushandira pakutyaira kwako. Unogona zvamazvirokwazvo kutovandudza chaizvo unyanzvi hwako kupfurikidza noruzivo rwokuzviwanira nengwariro kumano ako okutyaira.

Iva anoramba achisvinurira zvikuru kungozi dzinobvira. “Shaikwo yokukarira nokusvinurira zviri kuitika pamberi, shure nomumhoteredzo yemotokari yako ndicho chikanganiso chikuru chavatyairi vanhasi,” anotaura kudaro munzveri wokutyaira wamapurisa weBritain, Alex Miller. Edza kukarira zvisingakarirwi. Kudzidza ku‘svinurira mugwagwa’ kuchabetsera.—Ona bhokisi riri papeji 10.

Kotsekano Inobatanidza Chimiro Chendangariro

Mukuwirirana nomunzveri wokutyaira Miller, “chimiro chendangariro ndicho chinhu chinoisvokosha zvikuru.” Mutyairi ano ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwamakore 30, mose muri muviri muAfrica nomuEurope, anopa uyu murangariro: “Kutyaira inhau yomunhu. Matyairire omunhu anoratidzira nzira yaanobata nayo vamwe muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.”

Mutyairi weCanada anonangidzira ngwariro paukoshi hwechimiro chendangariro chakarurama, achinyora, kuti: “Apo rezinesi romutyairi rinorangarirwa se‘ropafadzo’ panzvimbo pa‘maruramiro,’ bumbiro remitemo remotokari richavandudza kukotsekana kwedu kwomumigwagwa mikuru nomutoo wakatanhamara.”

“Kana kukotsekana kuri chimiro chendangariro,” rinodaro bhuku rokutyaira reBritish Department of Transport, “ipapo kuzvininipisa ndikumwe kwezvivakiso zvako zvikuru.” Kuna vazhinji, ikoku kuchareva kuchinja kwechimiro chendangariro. Ikoku kunobvira here? Hungu. Kunobatanidza kuva anoitira vamwe hanya, kuva asina udyire. Murairo mukuru weBhaibheri unosanokuratidzira zvikuru kwazvo, kuti: “Naizvozvo zvinhu zvose zvaunoda kuti vanhu vakuitire, iwewo nenzira yakafanana unofanira kuvaitira.”—Mateo 7:12.

Asika ikoku kunoshanda sei mukuitwa chaikoiko? “Paunoshatirwa pamugwagwa, kwakaoma zvikuru kukudziridza mavara akanaka,” anocherekedza kudaro mumwe mutyairi womuEngland. Mukusapanikira unobvumirana nazvo. Chishuvo chokutsiva chakasimba. “Hunyanguvezvo, ini ndakashandisa makaseti enziyo kundibetsera. Muuyo unoteramisa unoshamisa.”—Ona bhokisi riri papeji 9.

“Edza zvakasimba zvikuru kudzora kunzwa kupi nokupi kwokushatirwa,” ndiko kuraira kwomumwe mutyairi ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira weJapan. “Kana washatirwa nokuda kwechikonzero chakati kuti, imba nziyo.”

Usakarira zvakanyanyowandisa kuna vamwe. Zviverengero zvetsaona zvinosanonyevera nezvengozi inobva kuvatyairi vane ngozi. Iva akatsunga kutyaira nomutoo wokudzivirira, kana kuti sokukutaura kwakaita mumwe mutyairi, kuti: “Tyaira sokunge kuti munhu ari wosewo zvake ari pamugwagwa angapinda mungozi.”

Zivawo, kuti iwe unogona kudzidza kuna vamwe. Nzvera vara rokutyaira kwavo.—Ona bhokisi riri papeji rino.

“Hapana mashiripiti akakurisa okuva Gorokotera Rokutyaira,” anobvuma kudaro Jim Kenzie, achinyora muThe Toronto Star. “Chaunongoda bedzi izivo yakati kuti, [no]“kurangarira kwakati nokuda kwomumwe munhu.” Kunyange kana uri mutyairi mutsva kana kuti uyo ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, yeuka kuti mugwagwa hauzati uri nzvimbo yokuzviratidzira, yechinya, kana kuti youdyire.

Kupfurikidza nokukudziridza ‘kuitira hanya motokari,’ kupfurikidza ‘nokusvinurira mugwagwa,’ kupfurikidza nokufungisira nokukarira, uyewo kupfurikidza nokukudziridza chimiro chendangariro chokuzvininipisa, uchabudirira mukutyaira—zvakakotsekana!

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 8]

Ko Motokari Yako Yakafanirwa Nokufamba Pamugwagwa Here?

Zvinhu zvaunofanira kunzvera parwendo rwuri rwose:

Windisikirini namawindo: Zvakachena here? Chigubhu chokugeza windisikirini chine mvura here? Mawaipa ari mumugariro wakanaka here?

Maraiti, maraiti amabhureki, namaraiti ezviratidzo zvokutena: Anoshanda zvakanaka here?

Matai: Pane kuchekwa kupi nokupi kwakadzama here kana kuti kutsemuka, kuvhurika, kuzvimba, kana kuti imwe kuvadziko?

Mabhureki: Nokukurumidza apo motokari inositata, nzvera kuti anoshanda zvakanaka here?

Kunzvera kwapanhambo nenhambo kunoitwa nebhuku romuridzi:

Injini: Ko oyiro iri pamusoro pomwero womutsetse wa“ADD” here? Usanyanyozadza.

Redhieta (kana iripo): Mwero wemvura inotonhoresa motokari wakakwirira zvakaringana here? Pane dziviriro yokutonhora kwakaringanira here?

Matai: Anomweya wakarurama here, ukobvu hwetai, nokupera kwakaenzana here?

Bhatiri: Mwero wemvura wakarurama here musero imwe neimwe? Usanyanyozadza.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 9]

Vhiringidzo Yavatyairi

Nhepfenyuro dzemotokari namatepurekodha amakaseti zvinopa nhau dzinowirirana nomusi nenziyo dzamarimba. Zvinodzongoyedza kufungisisa kwomutyairi here? Mifungo inosiana. Vamwe vatyairi vanotaura kuti ivo vanosanofungisisa pasinei hapo nezviri kutepfenyurwa. Vamwe vanosarudza kuganhurira kushandiswa kwaizvozvo kunziyo dzakapomhodzwa pavanotyaira mumugwagwa une motokari zhinji. Ikoku kunotsinhirana nenyevero yebhuku Rokutyaira: “Kuteerera kwakakomba kungagona kutapura kufungisisa kwako.” Ipapo, zvakadiniko nokushandiswa kwerunhare rwemotokari? Rinoraira, kuti: “Mira usati waridza kana kuti kugamuchira runhare.”b

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 10]

Svinurira Mugwagwa

Munhevedzano yamabhukwana yakagadzirirwa kubetsera vose vari vaviri vadzidzi navatyairi vanokwaniriswa, RoSPA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents) yeBritain inotanga kubvuma vara romunzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwemotokari dzinosvitsa mupimo wakakwirira wokukotsekana. Asi rinoyeuchidza vatyairi kuti “motokari inogona bedzi kuva yakakotsekana kana mutyairi akakotsekana panzira yaanotyaira nayo.” Rinorumbidza kuti vatyairi vose va‘svinurire mugwagwa.’ Ikoku kunogona kuitwa sei? Chii chinobatanidzwa?

1. Ona nokukurumidza zviratidzo zvomugwagwa nemigariro yemotokari. Nguva zhinji, mutyairi anofanira kutarira mberi, achitsvaka mashoko achamusvinudzira kungozi dzinobvira. Zvisinei, iye achasvinurira zviri kuitika kurutivi rwomugwagwa.

2. Cherekedza nzvimbo, mugariro wokunze, nguva, navamwe vashandisi vomugwagwa. Nzvimbo yauri, mutaundi kana kuti mumaruwa, inofanira kupesvedzera kutyaira kwako. Migwagwa ine mvura, ine chando, kana kuti ine mazaya echando ine ngozi zvikuru. Mhute hobvu ine ngozi zvikurukuru. Madutu angakuvhuvhutira kunze kwomugwagwa wako. Kupenya, kunobva kuzuva kana kuti mumaraiti emotokari inobva mberi, kungakuteya kwechinguvana kana kuti zvimwe kuderedza zvikurukuru kuona kwako. Nguva yezororo inopinza vatyairi vazhinji vasina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira mumugwagwa. Ngwarira vanofamba netsoka nemhuka. Cherekedza mimvuri inokunyevera nezvevanofamba netsoka vanodarika mugwagwa napamberi pebhazi raunopindira.

3. Deya kuziva kuti chaunoona chichatapura sei kutyaira kwako. Sanosarudza mutoo wokugonana naikoku, uye tyaira uchipfuura nomumigariroyo zvakakotsekana.

RoSPA inoti: “Uru ruzivo runogaroshandiswa navatyairi vari magorokotera. . . . Runofanira kuvandudza mupimo wako wokutyaira.” Chimwezve, “runozivikanwa pakubetsera kuderedza kubvira kwetsaona.”

[Bhokisi riri papeji 11]

Pangiro Dzinobva Kumagorokotera

Zvidadise pakutyairira vatakurwi vako zvakanaka, zvakaterama.

Rangarira kutyaira sounyanzvi hunoda kukwaniswa.

Simbisira kuti motokari yako iri mumugariro wakanaka zvikurusa.

Tarira mberi kudaro riri kure nedaro riri pakati, uyewo nepedyopo.

Nzvera muzvionioni nokuda kwezviri kuitika shure nomumativi emotokari yako.

Ngwarira nzvimbo yausingaoni mberi mukuona kwako.

Usati watena kana kuti kuchinja mugwagwa, nzvera chionioni ndokuratidzira chiratidzo munguva yakaringanira.

Kana kuri madikanwa, cheuka iwe umene kuti unzvere usati wachinja kwaunoenda panzvimbo pokutsamira pazvionioni bedzi.

Iva anoshivirira. Iva akadzikama.

Kutyaira kwakakotsekana kunoreva kuteerera mitemo yemotokari.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Bvunzo yokutyaira ndeyokusimbisira kuti iwe utyaire zvakakotsekana