‘Niwimenyereze’

CITIUS, altius, fortius, ni amajambo y’ikilatini asobanura: anyaruka cane, muremure cane, akomeye cane! Ivyo vyari ivyiyumviro abanonotsi bo mu Bugiriki no mu Buroma ha kera bacambirwa. Mu binjana n’ibindi, muri Olympia, muri Delphi, muri Nemea no ku gace k’isi kagabura ibiyaga bibiri k’i Korinto (Isthme de Corinthe), haragirirwa ibirori bihambaye vy’abanonotsi, imana zikaba ari zo zabishirako “umuhezagiro,” bikaba kandi vyaba birorerewe n’abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi. Kugira agateka ko guhiganwa muri ivyo bikino vyavana n’uko umuntu amaze imyaka myinshi yimenyereza bikomeye. Gutsinda vyatuma bene kuronka intsinzi be n’igisagara cabo c’amavukiro bininahazwa.

Ntibitangaje kubona mu mico kama nk’iyo, abanditsi b’Ivyanditswe vy’Ikigiriki vya Gikirisu bagereranije ugusiganwa kwo mu vy’impwemu kw’Abakirisu n’ibirori vy’abanonotsi. Kugira ngo intumwa Petero na Paulo bompi bashikirize ivyiyumviro bikomeye vy’inyigisho, bakoresheje babigiranye ubuhanga ibigereranirizo bishingiye kuri izo nkino. Muri iki gihe cacu, isiganwa rya gikirisu rikomeye nk’iryo nyene rirabandanya. Abakirisu bo mu kinjana ca mbere bategerezwa kuraba ingene bokwifata mu runkwekwe rw’ibintu rw’Abayuda; na twebwe muri iki gihe dutegerezwa ‘kurushanywa’ n’urunkwekwe rw’isi yose ruri mu gusangangurwa. (2 Timoteyo 2:5; 3:1-5) Bamwebamwe bashobora kubona yuko “isiganwa ry’ukwizera” kwabo bwite ridatezura, be n’uko riruhisha. (1 Timoteyo 6:12, The New English Bible) Ukwihweza amasano amwamwe ari hagati y’ibirori vy’abanonotsi be n’isiganwa ry’Abakirisu bivugwa muri Bibiliya birashobora kutwigisha ivyigwa vy’agaciro.

Umumenyereza Yakanongoreye

Kugira ngo umunonotsi atsinde biva ahanini ku mumenyereza. Ku vyerekeye inkino za kera, igitabu kimwe (Archaeologia Graeca) kivuga giti: “Abahiganwa babwirizwa kurahira bemeza yuko bari bamaze amezi cumi yose mu myimenyerezo yo kwitegura.” Abakirisu na bo nyene barakeneye ukwimenyereza gukomeye. Paulo yahanuye Timoteyo, umukurambere mukirisu ati: “Wimenyereze kwubaha Imana [“nka yo ntumbero yawe,” NW].” (1 Timoteyo 4:7) Ni nde amenyereza “umunonotsi” mukirisu? Nta wundi atari Yehova Imana ubwiwe! Intumwa Petero yanditse ati: “Imana igira ubuntu bgose, . . . [“izoheraheza ubwayo ukumenyerezwa kwanyu,” “NW”], izobaremesha, ibahe inkomezi.”​—1 Petero 5:10.

Iyi mvugo ‘izoheraheza ukumenyerezwa kwanyu’ ivuye mu rivuga ry’Ikigiriki, nk’uko bivugwa n’intohozamajambo imwe (Theological Lexicon of the New Testament), ahanini risobanura “gutuma ikintu [canke umuntu] kiba ikijanye n’intumbero yaco, kugitegurira ico cokoreshwa be no kugihuza n’ico cokoreshwa.” Nk’ukwo nyene, intohozamajambo ya Liddell na Scott (Greek-English Lexicon) ivuga yuko iryo rivuga rishobora gusigurwa ko ari “gutegura, kumenyereza canke kuronsa ivya ngombwa mu buryo bunogangije.” Ni mu buryo ubuhe Yehova ‘adutegura, atumenyereza, canke aturonsa ivya ngombwa mu buryo bunogangije’ ku bijanye n’isiganwa ry’Umukirisu ritoroshe? Kugira ngo dutahure iyo ngereranyo, nimuze turimbure bumwebumwe mu buryo abamenyereza bakoresha.

Igitabu kimwe (The Olympic Games in Ancient Greece) kivuga giti: “Abari bajejwe kumenyereza abakiri bato bakoresha uburyo nyamukuru bubiri, ubwa mbere bukaba bwari bugenewe kuremesha umunyeshure ngo agire akigoro gakomeye kose gashoboka kugira ngo ashike ku kintu ciza gishoboka, ubwa kabiri na bwo bwari bufise intumbero yo kuryohora ubuhinga bwiwe be n’inyifato yiwe.”

Nk’ukwo nyene, Yehova araturemesha akongera akadukomeza kugira ngo dushikane aho ubushobozi bwacu bugarukira, no kugira turyohore ububangukirwe dufise mu murimo tumurangurira. Imana yacu iradushiramwo inguvu biciye muri Bibiliya, mw’ishirahamwe ryiwe ryo kw’isi be no ku Bakirisu bagenzi bacu bahumuye. Rimwe na rimwe aratumenyereza biciye ku gutozwa indero. (Abaheburayo 12:6) Mu bindi bihe na ho ashobora kureka ibigeragezo bitandukanye be n’amagume atandukanye bikadushikira kugira ngo dushobore gutsimbataza ukwihangana. (Yakobo 1:2-4) Vyongeye aratanga inkomezi zikenewe. Umuhanuzi Yesaya avuga ati: “Abīteze Uhoraho bazokwama biyubura mu nkomezi nsha; bazodūgisha amababa nk’inkukuma, biruke ntibaruhe, bagende ntibadendebukirwe.”​—Yesaya 40:31.

Ikiruta vyose, Imana iratuvotororera impwemu yayo yera, iyo mpwemu ikadukomeza kugira tubandanye kurangurira Imana umurimo yemera. (Luka 11:13) Mu bihe bitari bike, abasavyi b’Imana barihanganiye ibigeragezo vy’ukwizera bimara igihe kirekire kandi bigoye. Abavyihanganiye ni abagabo n’abagore basanzwe bameze nk’uwo ari we wese muri twebwe. Mugabo ukwiheka ku Mana kwabo bagaherezako kwatumye bashobora kuvyihanganira. Nkako, ‘ubushobozi buhebuje ni ubw’Imana, ntibuva kuri bo.’​—2 Ab’i Korinto 4:7.

Umumenyereza w’Impuhwe

Incabwenge imwe ivuga ko kimwe mu bikorwa vy’umumenyereza wa kera kwari “ukwihweza ubwoko bw’imyimenyerezo yari ikenewe ku munonotsi umwumwe wese no ku rukino runaka rwose be n’ukuntu iyo myimenyerezo yaba ingana.” Mu gihe Imana itumenyereza, irarimbura uko ivy’umwumwe wese muri twebwe vyifashe, ubushobozi bwiwe, ukuntu aremwe be n’aho ubushobozi bwiwe bugarukira. Akenshi nko mu gihe Yehova atumenyereza, turamwinginga nk’uko Yobu yabigize ati: “Ibuka, ndakwinginze, yuko wambumvye nk’ibumba.” (Yobu 10:9) Umumenyereza wacu w’umunyampuhwe avyakira gute? Dawidi yanditse ku vyerekeye Yehova ati: “A[r]azi iremwa ryacu, yibuka ko tur’umukungugu.”​—Zaburi 103:14.

Ushobora kuba ufise ingorane y’amagara ikomeye ituma udakora ivyo wari gushobora gukora mu busuku, canke na ho ushobora kuba uriko uranyinyana n’ukwumva ko wikengera. Kumbure uriko urinanata kugira uhebe ingeso mbi yinaka, canke na ho ushobora kuba wumva ko udashoboye guhangana n’akosho k’urunganwe mu kibano, ku kazi canke kw’ishure ubigiranye uburindutsi. Uko ivyawe bishobora kuba vyifashe kwose, ntiwigere wibagira yuko Yehova atahura neza ingorane zawe kurusha uwundi muntu uwo ari we wese, na wewe urimwo! Bwa mumenyereza yitwararika, yama nantaryo ariho ari kugira ngo agufashe uramutse umwiyegereje.​—Yakobo 4:8.

Abamenyereza ba kera “barashobora gutahura ukuruha kwa cane canke ubugoyagoye butaba butewe n’imyimenyerezo ariko butewe n’ibindi, ni ukuvuga ingorane zo mu mutwe, ukumererwa nabi, intuntu n’ibindi. . . . [Abamenyereza] bari bafise ububasha bwinshi ku buryo bw’uko basuzuma ukuntu abanonotsi babayeho hanyuma bakagira ico bafashije aho babona ko bikenewe.”

Woba rimwe na rimwe wumva urushe cane canke ufise intege nke kubera imikazo be n’inyosha mbi vy’iyi si bidatezura? Bwa mumenyereza wawe, Yehova arakwitwararitse cane. (1 Petero 5:7) Aranyaruka gutahura ikimenyetso ico ari co cose c’ubugoyagoye canke uburuhe bwo mu vy’impwemu bukurimwo. Naho Yehova yubahiriza uburenganzira bwacu be n’amahitamwo twigirira, bivuye ku kwitwararika ineza yacu yamaho, aradufasha kandi akadukosora bihagije igihe bikenewe. (Yesaya 30:21) Uti gute? Biciye kuri Bibiliya no ku bisohokayandikiro bishingiye kuri yo, ku bakurambere bakomeye mu vy’impwemu mw’ishengero be no ku kivukano cacu kirangwa urukundo.

‘Aragaragaza Ukwigumya Muri Vyose’

Birumvikana ko kugira ngo umuntu atsinde hataba hakenewe umumenyereza mwiza gusa. Ahanini vyava ku munonotsi ubwiwe no ku ndagano yiwe yo gukurikiza uko kumenyerezwa guhambaye. Hari ivyo yategerezwa kwiyima mu buryo bukaze, kubera yuko ukwo kumenyerezwa kwarimwo ukwirinda ibintu bimwebimwe nk’ukurangura amabanga y’abubatse be no kunywa inzoga, akagira n’ivyo adafungura. Horace, umuryoshamvugo wo mu kinjana ca mbere B.G.C., yavuze yuko abahiganwa “birinda abagore be n’umuvinyu” kugira ngo “bashike ku co bahahamira.” Kandi nk’uko incabwenge imwe mu vya Bibiliya F. C. Cook ibivuga, abagira uruhara muri ivyo bikino bategerezwa “kwigumya [kandi] bagafungura intica ntikize . . . mu mezi cumi.”

Paulo yakoresheje ukwo kugereranya igihe yandikira Abakirisu b’i Korinto, kikaba ari igisagara cari kimenyereye rwose Inkino zabera ku gace k’isi kagabura ibiyaga bibiri k’i Korinto ko hafi yaho: Umuntu wese azorushanywa yitegura [“agaragaza ukwigumya,” NW] muri vyose.” (1 Ab’i Korinto 9:25) Abakirisu nyakuri baririnda uburyo bwo kubaho bw’ino si burangwa n’ugukunda amaronko, ubushegabo n’ubuhumane. (Abanyefeso 5:3-5; 1 Yohana 2:15-17) Umuntu ategerezwa kandi guheba ingeso zitaranga ukwubaha Imana kandi zidashingiye ku Vyanditswe, maze akazisubiriza kamere zimeze nk’iza Kirisitu.​—Ab’i Kolosayi 3:9, 10, 12.

Ivyo bishobora kugirwa gute? Kimwe coco, raba inyishu Paulo yatanze biciye ku kigereranirizo gikomeye: “Ndwanya umubiri wanje, nkawuhindura umuja, kugira ngo kumbure mmaze kwigisha abandi, nanje ubganje sinze mboneke ko ntemewe.”​—1 Ab’i Korinto 9:27.

Ese ukuntu ari iciyumviro gikomeye Paulo yashikirije hano! Ntiyariko arashemagiza ivy’ukwibabaza ku mubiri. Ahubwo, yariyemereye yuko ubwiwe yarwana intambara muri we. Rimwe na rimwe, yarakora ibintu atashaka gukora ahandi na ho ntakore ibintu yipfuza gukora. Mugabo yararwana kugira ntiyigere areka ngo ubugoyagoye bwiwe bumwiganzire. ‘Yarwanya umubiri wiwe,’ akanesha mu buryo bukomeye ivyipfuzo be n’ingeso vy’umubiri.​—Abaroma 7:21-25.

Abakirisu bose bakeneye kugira nk’ukwo nyene. Paulo yaravuze ivyerekeye amahinduka yagizwe na bamwebamwe i Korinto bahora bisuka mu busambanyi, mu gusenga ibigirwamana, mu kumarana inambu kw’abagabo ku bandi, mu busuma n’ibindi. Ni igiki cabafashije guhinduka? Bafashijwe n’ububasha bw’Ijambo ry’Imana be n’impwemu yera bifatanije n’umwiyemezo wabo wo guhuza na ryo. Paulo yavuze ati: “Ariko mwaruhagiwe, ariko mwarejejwe, ariko mwatsindanishirijwe mw izina ry’Umwami Yesu Kristo no muri [m]pwemu [y]’Imana yacu.” (1 Ab’i Korinto 6:9-11) Petero yanditse nk’ivyo nyene ku vyerekeye abari barahevye mwene izo ngeso mbi. Bwa Bakirisu, bose bari baragize amahinduka nyakuri.​—1 Petero 4:3, 4.

Utwigoro Dufise Intumbero Nziza

Paulo yarerekanye yuko atakebaguzwa, be n’uko yitwararika canecane ivyo gukurikirana intumbero zo mu vy’impwemu, avuga ati: “Nkubitana ibipfunsi, ariko si nk’ūhusha.” (1 Ab’i Korinto 9:26) Uwuhiganwa mu vy’ukurwana yoyoboye gute ibipfunsi vyiwe canke ingumu? Igitabu kimwe (The Life of the Greeks and Romans) cishura giti: “Si inkomezi zikaze gusa zasabwa, ahubwo vyarasabwa kandi ko umuntu araba yitonze kugira ngo abone aho umwansi agoyagoya. N’ikindi cari ngirakamaro kwari ugutera ingumu birimwo ubuhinga umuntu yaba yarigiye ku mashure yigisha ivyo kurwana be n’ubunyarutsi mu vyo kurwana ku mayeri kugira atsinde umwansi.”

Umubiri wacu munyacaha ni kimwe mu bansi bacu. Twoba twarabonye ‘aho tugoyagoya’? Twoba dufise umutima ukunze wo kwibona nk’uko abandi batubona, canecane nk’uko Shetani yoba atubona? Ivyo bisaba ko twisuzuma tutibesha, bigasaba n’ishaka ryo kugira ivyo duhinduye. Ukwihenda kuraza bitagoranye. (Yakobo 1:22) Ese ukuntu vyoroshe kwisigura ku kintu twakoze kitaranga ubukerebutsi! (1 Samweli 15:13-15, 20, 21) Ivyo nta ho bitaniye n’‘uguhusha.’

Muri iyi misi y’iherezo, abashaka guhimbara Yehova no kuronka ubuzima ntibakwiye kugonanwa mu vyo guhitamwo hagati y’iciza n’ikibi, hagati y’ishengero ry’Imana be n’isi yononekaye. Bategerezwa kwirinda ivyo kuba ba nyamujiryanino, kuba ‘abantu b’imitima ibiri, badaguza mu nzira zabo zose.’ (Yakobo 1:8) Ntibakwiye gutakaza utwigoro twabo mu gukurikirana ibitagira ikimazi. Igihe umuntu akurikira ingendo igororotse, irashe, azogira agahimbare kandi ‘iterambere ryiwe rizobonekera bose.’​—1 Timoteyo 4:15.

Egome, isiganwa ry’Abakirisu rirabandanya. Yehova, Umumenyereza wacu Ruheta, aratanga inyigisho be n’imfashanyo bikenewe abigiranye urukundo, kugira ngo twihangane kandi dutahukane intsinzi. (Yesaya 48:17) Nka kumwe kw’abanonotsi ba kera, turakeneye gutsimbataza ukwiyumanganya, ukwigumya kandi tukarwana intambara y’ukwizera tubishizeko umutima wacu wose. Utwigoro twacu tugiranywe intumbero nziza tuzovamwo impera nyinshi.​—Abaheburayo 11:6.

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 31]

“Bamusīge Amavuta”

Igice kimwe mu vy’ukumenyereza abanonotsi vyagirwa mu Bugiriki ha kera cakorwa n’umuntu asiga amavuta. Igikorwa ciwe cari ic’ugusiga amavuta imibiri y’abagabo baba bagira bamenyerezwe. Igitabu kimwe (The Olympic Games in Ancient Greece) kivuga ko abamenyereza “basanze yuko gusiga ukandakanda imitsi bigiranywe ubuhanga imbere yo kumenyerezwa vyari bifise ingaruka ngirakimazi, basanga kandi gusiga ukandakanda uvyitondeye kandi buhorobuhoro vyarafasha mu gutuma umunonotsi yaba yamaze igihe kirekire amenyerezwa aruhuka kandi agasubira kugira agatege.”

Nk’uko gusiga amavuta nya mavuta ku mubiri w’umuntu bishobora gutuma nya mubiri uremba kandi bigatuma ukira, ni ko no gukoresha Ijambo ry’Imana ku “munonotsi” mukirisu bishobora kumukosora, kumwirura no kumukiza. Ni co gituma abagabo b’inararibonye b’ishengero bari munsi y’ubuyobozi bwa Yehova bahanurwa gusengera umuntu nk’uyo, mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo “ba[ka]musīg[a] amavuta ya elayo mw izina ry’Umwami wacu,” iyo ikaba ari intambwe ihambaye ituma umuntu akira mu vy’impwemu.​—Yakobo 5:13-15; Zaburi 141:5

[Ifoto ku rup. 31]

Bamaze kugira akigoro, abanonotsi bārarahira bemeza yuko baba baramenyerejwe amezi cumi

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Musée du Louvre, Paris

[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 29]

Copyright British Museum