Ukubuka Okwezwe
Iplanethi Eyingqayizivele
Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi becabanga ukuthi kungenzeka kukhona ukuphila kwamanye amaplanethi. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izimo ezenza ukuphila kube nokwenzeka emhlabeni ngokufanayo kumelwe zibe khona endaweni ethile phakathi kwamakhulu ezigidigidi emithala yendawo yonke. Nokho, umagazini waseFrance i-Nouvel Observateur, uthi kuba sobala ngokwengeziwe manje ukuthi “kuningi kakhulu okwaziqondanela ngokuyisimangaliso okwandulela ukuba khona komuntu emhlabeni” nokuthi izinto ezisanda kutholakala ngokuphathelene nendawo yonke nomhlaba ngokwawo “ziye zalinciphisa kakhulu ithuba, elincane kakade, lokuthi inqubo efanayo yayingenzeka kwenye indawo.” Lapho ukhuluma ngokungabi nakwenzeka kokuba khona kwezimo ezifana ncimishí kwenye iplanethi, lomagazini uphawula ukuthi ososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi ukuphila kukhona okungenani kuyiplanethi eyodwa—eyethu.
Izindaba Ezinembile Kuthelevishini Noma Emaphephandabeni?
E-Australia, izindaba zethelevishini zilahlekelwa ukwethenjwa abantu kuyilapho amaphephandaba ekuzuza. Ngokokuhlolwa kwemithombo yezindaba okwanyatheliswa kuyi-Australian, “ithelevishini [iye] yakulahla kakhulu ukunemba, ukuba nokwethenjelwa nokungakhethi kulokho ekhuluma ngakho ngenxa yokuphishekela ‘indaba enhle.’” Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izindaba ze-TV zinandiswa ngemifanekiso esemafayilini amadala ukuze kwenziwe indaba ethakazelisa ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu kuhlola kwaveza ukuthi, ezindabeni ezingu-500 ezahlaziywa, ezingu-260 zazisebenzise imifanekiso egciniwe. Uma umbiko wezindaba we-TV uhlanganisa nemifanekiso esemafayilini, ngokuvamile abantu balindela ukuba lokhu kushiwo, kodwa lokhu akwenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lombiko uthi: “Ukucwaninga okwenziwa i-Ray Morgan Research Centre . . . kubonisa ukuthi inani labantu ababekholelwa ukuthi ithelevishini yayiwumthombo wezindaba ongcono kakhulu ongathola kuwo ‘izindaba ezinembile nezinokwethenjelwa’ lehla ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-12, lisuka enanini eliphakeme lamaphesenti angu-53,7 ngo-1986 liya kumaphesenti angu-41,5” ngo-1993.
Ubuhlobo Bomzali Nengane?
Ingabe abazali kufanele baphathe izingane zabo njengontanga? Ephephandabeni laseBrazil i-Estado de S. Paulo umfundisi uLisandre Maria Castello Branco waseyunivesithi yaseSão Paulo University uthi: “Abazali abalingani nanini nezingane zabo, futhi lokhu kumelwe kwenziwe kucace. . . . Lapho indawo yegunya ingenamuntu, osemusha uba olahliwe, intandane. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ingane ilindela ukuba abazali bayo babe nomuzwa womthwalo wemfanelo womuntu omdala okhetha ukuyifundisa ingane.”
Ukubelethisa Ngokuhlinza Kuyanda
“Odokotela abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi bezifo zabesifazane basola i-Italy: izenzakalo zokubelethisa ngokuhlinza ziningi ngokweqile,” kubika iphephandaba laseRome i-Messaggero. Ngokuphathelene namanani ababeletha ngokuhlinzwa, i-Italy ihamba phambili eYurophu futhi ingeyesithathu emhlabeni wonke, ingemva kwe-United States neBrazil. Kusukela ngo-1980, inani lababeletha ngokuhlinzwa liye laphindwa kabili e-Italy; manje cishe ingane eyodwa kwezine ibelethwa ngokuhlinza. Yini ebangela lokhu kwanda? Ngokwe-Messaggero, kunezizathu ezimbili ngaphandle kwezezokwelapha: Abesifazane bafuna ukugwema ukubeletha okunezinhlungu, futhi odokotela, ngokwesaba ukumangalelwa, bakhetha indlela enethuba elincane lokwenzeka kwengozi. Nokho, nakuba sekuyisikhathi eside ukubelethisa ngokuhlinza kubhekwa njengokuphephile, odokotela abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwenziwa kaningi ngokweqile futhi akwenziwa ngezizathu ezinhle ngaso sonke isikhathi. UCarlo Signorelli, waseLa Sapienza University, eRome, wathi: “Akubonakali kukhona ukuhlobana phakathi kokubelethisa ngokuhlinza nokufa kwangesikhathi sokubeletha.” Futhi uLuciano Movicelli, waseSibhedlela i-S. Orsola, eBologna, waphawula: “Inkolelo yokuthi ukubelethisa ngokuhlinza kuphephe kakhudlwana kufanele ilahlwe ngoba ingamanga ngokuphelele.”
Ukuthenga Amehlo Abantu
Yini indoda engumJapane okumelwe iyenze lapho ingenazo izihlobo noma abangane abanele ukuze ithenge amehlo abantu emishadweni nasemingcwabeni? Impendulo: Ayibaqashe. Ngokuvamile ngamunye wabo umakoti nomkhwenyana bazama ukuba bameme inani elilinganayo lezivakashi. Nokho, uma lamaqembu amabili engalingani noma elinye lilincane kakhulu ukuba lingahlaba abantu umxhwele, umakoti noma umkhwenyana angase afune ngasese izinkonzo ze-benriya, ngokwezwi nezwi “abantu abawusizo.” I-benriya yenza cishe noma yimiphi imisebenzi eyingxubevange, kuhlanganise nokumelela izihlobo noma abangane. Emingcwabeni, ayiqashelwa nje ukuba ochwepheshe bokulila kodwa ukuba ibe abameleli ukuze omakhelwane bangaboni, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi abebesebenza nomufi abezanga. Kuyi-Mainichi Daily News kwanikezwa umbiko womnikazi wenkampane ye-benriya owathi komunye umngcwabo wesikhulu senkampane ake aya kuwo, cishe abantu abangu-60 kwabangu-100 ababekhona babeyi-benriya. “Kumelwe ukuba lowomkhaya wawuhlanganise izinkampani zama-benriya ezintathu noma ezine,” esho.
Yini Eyenza Othisha Bathandwe?
“Nakuba izingane eziningi zikhononda kaningi ngokwengeziwe ngesikole, iningi lazo lisenaye uthisha oyintandokazi,” kubika iphephandaba laseJalimane i-Nassauische Neue Presse. Eqinisweni, amantombazane angamaphesenti angu-91 nabafana abangamaphesenti angu-83 banothisha oyintandokazi. Ukuhlolwa kwabafundi abangu-2 080 abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-7 kuya kwengu-16 ubudala kwazama ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izimfanelo ezenza othisha bathandwe abafundi. Kungase kumangaze kwabaningi ukuthi “uthisha onikeza umsebenzi wasekhaya omncane akabi intandokazi ngempela.” Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abe ongakhethi, abe namahlaya futhi enze izifundo zithakazelise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi bayabazisa othisha abakwaziyo ukuchaza izinto kahle, abanesizotha, nababonisa ukuqonda.
Izingane Ezinganakekelwe
Abazali abandayo base-Australia bashiya izingane ezincane emakhaya zizibonele njengoba bona bengekho besemsebenzini noma benza ezinye izinto. Lomkhuba okhathazayo uye wavela obala ikakhulukazi kusukela lapho kumiswa uhlelo lwezingcingo eziphuthumayo lwezingane. Manje lwamukela izingcingo ezingaba ngu-35 000 ngesonto zivela entsheni esosizini. Ngokwe-Sunday Telegraph yaseSydney, umqondisi waloluhlelo lokusiza uthi: “Sithola uhide lwezingane ezisezinkingeni ezidlulele—izingane ezishiywe zodwa zingenakudla nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokunakekela komzali.” Leliphepha laphawula: “[Lokhu] ukumangalelwa kokuphila komkhaya wanamuhla njengoba siwazi.” Eqinisweni, ezinye zalezizingane zingabantwanyana; enye eyashayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo yayiyintombazanyana ethukile eneminyaka emine ubudala.
Imfucumfucu Yethu Iyakhuluma
Ithini imfucumfucu yethu? Isitshela ukuthi silandela ziphi izindlela zokuziphatha kobuntu. Imfucumfucu yembula lokho esikudlayo nalokho esikumosayo. “Abantu abaphila ukuphila okuvamile nokungashintshashintshi bamosa kancane, ngoba bathambekela ekuthengeni lokho abakudingayo kuphela futhi badle abakuthengayo,” kusho i-Toronto Star. Ngokumangalisayo, lapho okuthile kuntuleka, “abantu, ngokuphambene, bakumosa kakhulu kunalapho kutholakala kuyinala,” kunezela i-Star. Kungani kunjalo? Abantu bayaqongelela. Bathenga okungaphezu kwalokho abakudingayo bese belahla lokho abangakusebenzisi. Ama-hot dog—inqwaba yama-hot dog—ikhona kudla okuvame kakhulu ukutholakala emfucumfucwini emanzi. Amaphepha, intilibathwa yamaphepha, ikakhulukazi lawo okwenza iphephandaba, atholakala emigodini yemfucumfucu. Inkathi yama-computer iye yawanezela, ayiwanciphisanga, amaphepha emfucumfucwini yethu eyomile. Usuwonke umyalezo ovela emfucumfucwini yethu uwukuthi siphila emphakathini omosayo.
Umjovo Wokulwa Nengculaza “Awunanzuzo”
Umqondisi wokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa we-World Health Organization, uDkt. Piot, umemezele ukuthi ukucabanga ngezomnotho kubangele ukuba amanye amagumbi okucwaninga ngezidakamizwa zezokwelapha akuyeke ukufuna kwawo umjovo wokulwa nengculaza, ekhetha ukufuna izidakamizwa ezizokwelapha abanengculaza. Kubikwa ukuthi lamagumbi okucwaninga asaba ukuthi uma ungatholakala umjovo wokulwa nengculaza, ophumelelayo, ukucindezela kukahulumeni kuyowaphoqa ukuba awuyekelele emphakathini lomkhiqizo, kungabibikho thuba lokuthola inzuzo.
Kudingeka Ukuqondisa Komzali
Njengoba zixoxa ngama-computer, izingane ngokuvamile zithola imiyalezo egcwele ukusikisela kobulili noma izicelo eziqondile zokuhlanganyela ubulili. Zingaxhumana nabantu abaziphatha njengabobulili obuhlukile nongqingili. Zingafunda indlela yokwakha amabhomu, indlela yokweba izinombolo zamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu nendlela yokufohla zingene kwezinye izimiso ze-computer bese zenza izenzo zobugebengu. Imidlalo ethile ye-computer iheha izingane ukuba ziphume ngokungenakuvinjwa esimweni esingokoqobo, futhi ezinye zibe imilutha yayo. Abanye bathi “ikhambi likulowomsebenzi othena amandla: ukufundisa izindinganiso,” kuphawula i-Washington Post National Weekly Edition.
Ubelethé Esenengu-62
Eseneminyaka engu-62 ubudala, owesifazane wase-Italy ubelethe ingane. Umama nengane, umfana onesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu namagremu angu-270, baphila kahle. Njengoba bekuhalaliselwa lesisenzakalo esijabulisayo lendaba ibuye yabangela isiyaluyalu emkhakheni wezokuziphatha. Ngani? Lomama ukhulelwe ngokufakelwa isidoda. “Ngiyazi ukuthi lendaba izobangela inxushunxushu,” kuphawula uProfesa Severino Antinori, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane owasiza kulokhu kubeletha, “kodwa kufanele icatshangelwe njengesimo esingavamile.”