Ukubuka Okwezwe
Ihlazo Legazi EFrance
“Inhlekelele engakaze ibonwe eNtshonalanga Yurophu.” Yileyondlela iphephandaba laseFrance i-Monde muva nje elachaza ngayo ihlazo eliphathelene nesenzo sokuthekelisa ngegazi eziboshweni ukuze lisetshenziswe ekumpompeleni. Ngawo-1980 iziguli zaseFrance ezingaba ngu-5 000 zathola ingculaza egazini elingcolile—okubikwa ukuthi lokhu kuyisilinganiso sokuthathelwana kwalesisifo okubi kunakho konke emhlabeni. Ngo-1985 igazi elaqoqwa emajele laliyisilinganiso esibalelwa kumaphesenti angaphezu kuka-25 egazi elingcolile. Ngokombiko owanikezwa yi-Social Affairs Board of Inspectors kanye ne-Legal Services Board of Inspectors, isenzo sokuthekelisa ngegazi emajele saqala ngo-1954, ngokusobala sithonywa yilokho lombiko okubiza ngokuthi “izici zezomnotho.” Emuva ngo-1983, i-French Health Inspectorate yatusa ukuba igazi lingathekeliswa kubanikeli abayingozi; nokho, abaphathi bejele basandisa isilinganiso sokuthekelisa ngegazi ngonyaka owalandela.
Ukuthembeka Kuyancipha
“Kunembobo ongqimbeni lwe-ozone yokuziphatha futhi cishe iyakhula.” Waphetha kanjalo uMichael Josephson, umsunguli nomongameli we-Institute of Ethics eCalifornia, e-U.S.A. Inhlangano yakhe yenza ukuhlola kubafundi abacishe babe ngu-7 000 basesikoleni esiphakeme nabasekolishi, futhi yaveza imiphumela ephazamisayo. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme nengxenye eyodwa kweziyisikhombisa yabafundi basekolishi yavuma ukuthi yayiye yeba ezitolo phakathi nonyaka odlule. Umfundi wasekolishi oyedwa kwabayisishiyagalombili wayeye wenza konke lokhu okulandelayo: waqamba amanga enkampanini yomshuwalense, waqamba amanga emafomini okucela ukuxhaswa ngokwezimali, waqamba amanga ngokuphathelene nezindleko, futhi waboleka imali ngaphandle kokuzimisela ukuyikhokha. NgokukaJosephson, konke lokhu kungathembeki kubantu abasha “kumane nje kubonisa ukuziphatha okubi ngokwedlulele komphakathi wabantu abadala.” I-Washington Post ifingqa umbono wakhe ngalendlela: “Ukungathembeki nokuziphatha okungenazimiso kusakazekile phakathi kwentsha yaseMelika ngenxa yokuthi kusakazeke ngokwandayo phakathi kwabantu abadala.”
Kufuywe I-emu?
I-emu yase-Australia—inyoni enkulu engakwazi ukundiza, efana nentshe—ngokushesha ingase ibe umthombo oyisisekelo wokuziphilisa. Ngo-1991 inyama ye-emu yabhekwa ngokomthetho njengohlobo oluthile lwenyama yenkukhu. Ngakho ukufuywa kwe-emu kungase kuthandeke kakhulu esikhathini esiseduze esizayo. I-Sydney Morning Herald icaphuna umkhulumeli ovela eNational Parks and Wildlife Services yase-Australia ethi: “Cishe zonke izingxenye zalesilwane zingasetshenziswa. Kunanemakethe yezinzipho; bayazicwebezelisa futhi bazenze amagugu okuhloba.” Kuthiwa inyama ye-emu inesilinganiso esiphansi samafutha ne-cholesterol, kodwa inesilinganiso esiphakeme samaprotheni. Futhi lezinyoni ezinkulu ziveza izinhlobo ezimbili zesikhumba: isikhumba sokwenza izingubo esikhishwa emizimbeni yazo nesohlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo esikhishwa ezinyaweni zazo. Ama-emu enza futhi amafutha angasetshenziswa ekwenzeni iziqholo. Umkhiqizo ovela kuyi-emu eyodwa esikhulile ubiza imali ephakathi kuka-A$300 (amaRandi angu-700) no-A$350 (amaRandi angu-800).
Amatshe E-coral Ase-Indonesia Ayasongelwa
“Indawo engasolwandle yase-Indonesia iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zamatshe amaningi e-coral ukwedlula wonke emhlabeni,” kwaphawula i-Jakarta Post muva nje. Ngaphandle kokuba indawo ebalulekile yokukhanga izivakashi nomthombo wemikhiqizo eminingi yokuthaka imithi yokwelapha, lezinhlobonhlobo zamatshe eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinhle zivikela indawo engasogwini lolwandle ekugugulekeni futhi zenze ukugalelwa kwazo yizivunguvungu kungabi namandla. I-Post ibika ukuthi khona kanye ukuba khona kwalamatshe ayigugu manje kusongelwa ukungcolisa komuntu, ukumba kwakhe lamatshe ukuze akhe, ukuqoqa kwakhe lamatshe e-coral, nangezindlela zokudoba ezibhubhisayo njengokusebenzisa udalimede, ukuhudulela amanetha ematsheni, nokusebenzisa oshevu. I-Post iyabika: “Lapho amatshe esebhujisiwe kuthatha iminyaka engaba ngu-20 ukuba uhlobo lokuqala luphinde luvele futhi kuthatha iminyaka engu-50 kuya kweyikhulu ukuba kuphinde kubuye noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo oluhlukile.”
Ukuzilolonga Nokulala
“Kumadoda asegugile, ukuzilolonga kungase kube yikhambi lokulala kahle,” kubika umagazini i-Arthritis Today. Ekuhloleni kwamuva okwenziwa eNyakatho Carolina, e-U.S.A., iqembu lamadoda angu-24 elineminyaka esukela kwengu-60 kuya kwengu-72 lahlukaniswa laba amaqembu amabili. Okungenani isikhathi esingangonyaka, elinye iqembu lazilolonga ngentshiseko izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto noma ngaphezulu; elinye iqembu lalizilolonga kancane nangokwethukela. Kumadoda ayezilolonga njalo nangentshiseko, kwatholakala ukuthi, ngokusesilinganisweni ayelala kakhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunamadoda ayezilolonga kancane. Lokhu kwabonakala kuyiqiniso kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babehlolwe ngosuku ababezilolonge ngalo noma ngolunye usuku. Lomagazini uyanezela: “Futhi abazange bachithe isikhathi esiningi beqwashile ebusuku.”
Intsha Ephuzayo
“Cishe abantwana abangu-90 000 baseBrithani babhekwa njengabaphuza ngokweqile,” kubika i-Sunday Times yaseLondon. Uhulumeni waseBrithani uvumela isilinganiso esiphelele sezingxenye ezingu-21 zotshwala ngesonto kumadoda nezingu-14 kwabesifazane. Ingxenye ingilazi yewayini noma isilinganiso esisodwa sotshwala obunamandla noma ingxenye yekopi likabhiya. Ukuhlola kwamuva okwenziwe kubantwana besikole baseBrithani abangu-18 000 kwembula ukuthi amaphesenti angu-11,5 abafana abaneminyaka engu-15 ayephuza ngaphezu kwesilinganiso samasonto onke esituselwa amadoda asekhulile. Phakathi kwamantombazane, intombazane eyodwa kwangu-20 aneminyaka engu-14 nengu-15 yavuma ukuthi yayiphuza ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esibekelwe abesifazane asebekhulile. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezibalo ezikhathazayo zingaphansi kwesilinganiso sangempela senkinga.
Ukwehluleka Kwesonto Kuthuthukisa Ubuqaba
Amakhulu aba khona emkhosini woSuku iMidsummer muva nje owenziwa emahlashaneni asemaphandleni aseRussia emaphakathi. Lokhu kuphawula ukuvuselelwa kobuqaba, kusho u-Alexei Dobrovolsky, umholi weqembu elincane labakhulekeli bemvelo. Imikhosi yakhe ihlanganisa ukuhamba phakathi komlilo “nokungabhapathizi” abantu, ukubahlanza “emanzini angcwele” esonto afafazwayo. “Lamaqaba” agubha futhi ukuzalwa kwelanga unyaka ngamunye ngo-December 25. Ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-13 esemakamu okwenza umsebenzi ngokuphoqelelwa, uDobrovolsky waqala ukushumayela lokhu kuvuselelwa kobuqaba. Kungani ayevuselela ubuqaba? Kubikwa ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi iSonto lobu-Orthodox laseRussia labulahla lobuqaba ngokubambisana nohulumeni wobuKhomanisi manje ongasekho. Uthi: “Isonto ngaso sonke isikhathi beliwumkhapheli. Ngaso sonke isikhathi belikhonza abanegunya eliphakeme.”
Ukusindisa Indlovu Yasogwadule
Isifo umbendeni (anthrax) muva nje sasongela izindlovu ezingu-29 oGwadule olukhulu lwase-Afrika iNamib. Abavikeli bemvelo babekhathazekile, njengoba indlovu ephethwe umbendeni ingase ife phakathi namahora angu-24. Ngakho ngosizo lwezimali lomhlaba wonke, benza umsebenzi owethusayo wokujova lezilwane begibele i-helicopter. Amadoda amabili, elenga ngokuqapha kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, anemba phakathi kwefu lothuli endlovini ngayinye eyaluzayo, enovalo. Enye indoda yadubula ngemicibisholo enomuthi womjovo, enye yafaza udayi onombala ukuze uphawule indlovu ngayinye ejoviwe. Sezizonke, izindlovu ezingu-21 “zajovwa” ngokuphumelelayo kwaphumela enjabulweni yabavikeli bemvelo. Wonke lomsebenzi obizayo noyingozi wabhekwa njengofanelekile ukuze kusindiswe okuwukuphela kwezindlovu zangempela zasogwadule emhlabeni.
Ukushayela Okuyingozi
Ukufunda amabalazwe omgwaqo, ukukhuluma kuziqopha-mazwi, ukusebenzisa izingcingo ezixhunywe emotweni, ukushintsha kwabesifazane amasokisi abo. Lezi, ngokwe-Star, iphephandaba laseNingizimu Afrika, ezinye zezinto abantu abazenzayo lapho beshayela, ngezinye izikhathi behamba ngesivinini esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayikhulu ngehora. Esinye isikhulu sokulondeka siphawula ukuthi ngokuvamile sibona abantu bevungula amazinyo abo ngazo zombili izandla lapho beshayela! Abashayeli baye futhi babonwa bexubha futhi beyakaza amazinyo abo. Omunye owesifazane wagunda indodana yakhe izinwele lapho eyihambisa esikoleni ngemoto. Omunye umama wabonwa eshintsha inabukeni lengane yakhe lapho eshayela ngesivinini samakhilomitha angu-90 ngehora. Kungani abashayeli bezifaka engozini engaka? Esinye isikhulu sathi amabanga amade nokuminyana kwezimoto kungalinga abashayeli ukuba basisebenzise “ngokunenzuzo” isikhathi esichitheka emotweni. Nokho, saveza ukuthi lokhu kuphazamiseka kungaphumela ezingozini ezingathi sína.
Ingabe Ukubeletha Ngokuhlinzwa Kulondekile?
Abesifazane abaningi bakhetha ukubeletha ngokuhlinzwa bekholelwa ukuthi lokho kuhlinzwa kuyoba okulondekile futhi kuyonciphisa ubuhlungu. Ngokwe-Jornal do Brasil, nodokotela abaningi bakhetha ukubelethisa ngokuhlinza njengoba nakuba “ukubeletha ngendlela evamile kuthatha ngokwesilinganiso amahora asukela kwangu-8 kuya kwangu-12 futhi kungenalo usuku oluqondile okuyokwenzeka ngalo, ukuhlinza kungahlelwa futhi kuthatha ihora nje kuphela.” Nokho, udokotela wokubelethisa uFernando Estellita Lins ucashunwa ethi: “Inani lezinhlekelele, ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo nokopha ngenxa yokuhlinzwa, liphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane ababelethiswa ngokuhlinzwa.” Ukucwaninga okwenziwa eBrazil kwabonisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokufa komama “ngokubeletha ngesitho sokuzala sasingomama abangu-43 kwabayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, kuyilapho ukubeletha ngokuhlinzwa kwakuyisilinganiso somama abangu-95 kwabayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.”
Ubhadane Olubi Kakhulu Emlandweni
Umkhakha wezesayensi uphinda uqinisekisa ukuqina komkhuhlane waseSpain. Ngokwe-New York Times Magazine, abantu abangu-196 000 bafa e-United States kuphela phakathi nenyanga ka-October 1918. “Ngasekupheleni kobusika buka-1918-19, abantu [abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili] kuwo wonke umhlaba babephethwe yilomkhuhlane, futhi abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-20 nezingu-40 bafa,” kusho lomagazini. UJohn R. La Montagne, oyisikhulu se-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases eBethesda, eMaryland, waphawula ukuthi umkhuhlane waseSpain wango-1918 “wawungumqedazwe obhubhisa ukwedlula yonke esake saba nayo emlandweni.” Yiqiniso, emuva ngonyaka ka-1347, ubhadane lwesifo sokuvuvukala kwezindlala, noma i-Black Death, sagadla isintu ngegalelo elibulalayo elathatha iminyaka emine. Kodwa ngokwalomagazini, “umqedazwe” wango-1918 “wabulala abantu abaningi ngonyaka owodwa ngokulingana nabafa kuyi-Black Death ngeminyaka emine.”