Kufanele Unqume Kanjani Phakathi Kokulungile Nokungalungile?

UBANI onegunya lokubeka izindinganiso zokulungile nokungalungile? Lowo mbuzo waphakanyiswa ekuqaleni komlando wesintu. Ngokwencwadi yeBhayibheli uGenesise, uNkulunkulu wakhetha umuthi owawukhula ensimini yase-Edene ukuba ube ‘umuthi wolwazi lokuhle nokubi.’ (Genesise 2:9) UNkulunkulu wayala umbhangqwana wokuqala ukuba ungazidli izithelo zalo muthi. Nokho, isitha sikaNkulunkulu, uSathane uDeveli, sasikisela ukuthi uma uzidla, amehlo awo ‘nakanjani ayezovuleka’ futhi ‘nakanjani wawuzoba njengoNkulunkulu, wazi okuhle nokubi.’—Genesise 2:16, 17; 3:1, 5; IsAmbulo 12:9.

U-Adamu no-Eva kwadingeka benze isinqumo—kufanele bamukele izindinganiso zikaNkulunkulu zokuhle nokubi noma bazibekele ezabo? (Genesise 3:6) Bakhetha ukungamlaleli uNkulunkulu badla izithelo zalowo muthi. Sasisho ukuthini lesi senzo esincane? Ngokwenqaba ukuhlonipha imingcele uNkulunkulu ayebabekele yona, babesho ukuthi bona nenzalo yabo bangaphila kangcono uma bezibekela bona izindinganiso zokulungile nokungalungile. Isintu siye saphumelela kangakanani ekuzameni ukusebenzisa leli gunya okungelikaNkulunkulu lokuzibekela izindinganiso?

Imibono Ehlukahlukene

Ngemva kokubukeza izimfundiso zezazi ezidumile zamakhulu eminyaka, i-Encyclopædia Britannica ithi kusukela ngesikhathi sesazi sefilosofi esingumGreki uSocrates kuze kube ikhulu lama-20, kuye kwaba “nezinkulumo-mpikiswano eziphindaphindiwe maqondana nokuthi kungaba yini ngempela okuhle kanye nendinganiso yokulungile nokungalungile.”

Ngokwesibonelo, amaSophist kwakuyiqembu elidumile labafundisi bamaGreki ngekhulu lesihlanu B.C.E. Ayefundisa ukuthi izindinganiso zokulungile nokungalungile zinqunywa umbono weningi. Omunye walabo bafundisi wathi: “Noma yini ebonakala ilungile futhi yamukeleka emzini ngamunye, ilungile futhi yinhle kulowo muzi, uma nje lowo muzi ucabanga ukuthi leyo nto ilungile.” Ngale ndinganiso, uJodie, okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni sokuqala, kufanele ayigcine imali, njengoba iningi labantu emphakathini noma “emzini” ahlala kuwo lingenza kanjalo.

U-Immanuel Kant, isazi sefilosofi esidumile sangekhulu le-18, saveza umbono ohlukile. Umagazini i-Issues in Ethics uthi: “U-Immanuel Kant nabanjengaye . . . bagxila elungelweni lomuntu ngamunye lokuzikhethela.” Ngokwefilosofi kaKant, uma nje uJodie engaphuli amalungelo abanye, lokho akwenzayo kuxhomeke kuye ngokuphelele. Akufanele avumele umbono weningi umnqumele izindinganiso zakhe.

Ngakho uJodie wayixazulula kanjani inkinga yakhe? Wakhetha indlela yesithathu. Wasebenzisa imfundiso kaJesu Kristu, ozindinganiso zakhe zokuziphatha ziye zatuswa amaKristu kanye nabangewona amaKristu ngokufanayo. UJesu wafundisa: “Ngakho-ke, zonke izinto enifuna abantu bazenze kini, nani kumelwe nizenze ngokufanayo kubo.” (Mathewu 7:12) Lamangala ikhasimende lakhe lapho uJodie elinikeza leyo mali engu-$82 000. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi kungani engayithathanga, uJodie wachaza ukuthi ungomunye woFakazi BakaJehova futhi wathi: “Kwakungeyona imali yami.” UJodie wabona kubalulekile ukulalela amazwi kaJesu alotshwe eBhayibhelini kuMathewu 19:18: “Ungebi.”

Ingabe Umbono Weningi Uyisiqondiso Esithembekile?

Abanye abantu bangathi uJodie waba yisiphukuphuku ngokwethembeka kangaka. Kodwa umbono weningi awusona isiqondiso esithembekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukube ubuhlala emphakathini okholelwa ukuthi ukwenza umhlatshelo ngezingane kwamukelekile, njengoba eminye imiphakathi yangesikhathi esidlule yayicabanga, ingabe lokho bekuyokwenza lo mkhuba ube olungile? (2 AmaKhosi 16:3) Kuthiwani uma uzalelwe emphakathini obheka ubuzimu njengesenzo esilungile? Ingabe lokho bekuyosho ukuthi ukudla inyama yomuntu akukubi ngempela? Ukuthandwa komkhuba othile ngabantu abaningi akuwenzi ube olungile. IBhayibheli laxwayisa kudala ngalolo gibe, lathi: “Ungalandeli isixuku ngezinhloso ezimbi.”—Eksodusi 23:2.

UJesu Kristu waveza esinye isizathu sokuqaphela ukwamukela umbono weningi njengesiqondiso sokulungile nokungalungile. Wadalula uSathane ‘njengombusi waleli zwe.’ (Johane 14:30; Luka 4:6) USathane usebenzisa isikhundla sakhe ukuze adukise “umhlaba wonke owakhiwe.” (IsAmbulo 12:9) Ngakho-ke, uma izindinganiso zakho zokulungile nokungalungile uzibeka ngokwalokho okuthandwa abantu, kungenzeka ukuthi wamukela umbono kaSathane wokuziphatha, futhi ngokusobala lokho kuyingozi.

Ungakwethemba Yini Ukwahlulela Kwakho?

Ngakho, ingabe yilowo nalowo kufanele azinqumele ukuthi yini elungile nengalungile? IBhayibheli lithi: “Ungenciki kokwakho ukuqonda.” (IzAga 3:5) Kungani kungafanele? Kungenxa yokuthi bonke abantu baye bazuza njengefa isici esiyisisekelo esingasonta ukwahlulela kwabo. Lapho u-Adamu no-Eva behlubuka kuNkulunkulu, bamukela izindinganiso zalelo mbuka elinobugovu uSathane futhi bakhetha lona ukuba libe uyise ongokomoya. Babe sebedlulisela enzalweni yabo lesi sici—inhliziyo ekhohlisayo enekhono lokubona okuhle kodwa ethambekele ekwenzeni okubi.—Genesise 6:5; Roma 5:12; 7:21-24.

Ikhuluma ngezimiso zokuziphatha, i-Encyclopædia Britannica iyaphawula: “Akumangazi uma abantu bekwazi okumelwe bakwenze kodwa badlule benze lokho okuthandwa yibo. Ukunikeza abantu abanjalo izizathu zokwenza okuhle kuye kwaba inkinga enkulu yezimiso zokuhle eNtshonalanga.” IBhayibheli likubeka kahle ngale ndlela: “Inhliziyo ikhohlisa ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye futhi yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Ubani ongase ayazi?” (Jeremiya 17:9) Ungamethemba yini umuntu owaziwa ngokukhohlisa nokwenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba?

Yiqiniso, ngisho nalabo abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bayakwazi ukuziphatha kahle nokuba nezimiso zokuziphatha eziwusizo nezitusekayo. Nokho, ngokuvamile lezo zimiso eziphakeme ezisemithethweni yabo zimane zibonisa izimiso zeBhayibheli zokuziphatha. Nakuba abantu abanjalo bephika ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, imibono yabo ibonisa ukuthi ngokwemvelo banekhono lokubonisa ubuntu bukaNkulunkulu. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi ekuqaleni umuntu wadalwa “ngomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu,” njengoba kusho iBhayibheli. (Genesise 1:27; IzEnzo 17:26-28) Umphostoli uPawulu uthi: “Yibo kanye ababonisa ukuthi ingqikithi yomthetho ilotshiwe ezinhliziyweni zabo.”—Roma 2:15.

Yiqiniso, kukodwa ukwazi ukuthi yini elungile; kungenye into ukuba namandla okwenza okulungile. Umuntu uwathathaphi lawo mandla adingekayo? Njengoba izenzo zishukunyiswa inhliziyo, ukwakha uthando ngoMlobi weBhayibheli, uJehova uNkulunkulu, kungamsiza umuntu ukuba abe nalawo mandla.—IHubo 25:4, 5.

Ukuthola Amandla Okwenza Okuhle

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokufunda ukuthanda uNkulunkulu ukuthola ukuthi imiyalo yakhe inengqondo futhi iwusizo kanjani. Umphostoli uJohane uthi: “Yilokhu okushiwo uthando ngoNkulunkulu, ukuba sigcine imiyalo yakhe; futhi imiyalo yakhe ayiwona umthwalo.” (1 Johane 5:3) Ngokwesibonelo, iBhayibheli liqukethe izeluleko ezisebenzayo ezingasiza intsha ukuba ibone okulungile nokungalungile uma inquma ukuthi kufanele yini iphuze utshwala, idle izidakamizwa noma ihlanganyele ubulili ngaphambi komshado. IBhayibheli lingasiza imibhangqwana eshadile ibone indlela yokuxazulula ukungezwani, futhi linganikeza abazali iziqondiso zokukhulisa abantwana.a Uma zisetshenziswa, izimiso zeBhayibheli zokuziphathazizuzisa abasha nabadala ngokufanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isizinda sabo sinjani kwezenhlalo, ezemfundo noma ngokobuzwe.

Njengoba ukudla ukudla okunempilo kukunikeza amandla okusebenza, ukufunda iZwi likaNkulunkulu kukunika amandla okuphila ngezindinganiso zakhe. UJesu wafanisa amazwi kaNkulunkulu nesinkwa esisekela ukuphila. (Mathewu 4:4) Wabuye wathi: “Ukudla kwami kuwukuba ngenze intando yalowo ongithumileyo.” (Johane 4:34) Ukuzondla ngezwi likaNkulunkulu kwahlomisela uJesu ukuba amelane nezilingo futhi enze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile.—Luka 4:1-13.

Ekuqaleni, ungase ukuthole kunzima ukondla ingqondo yakho ngeZwi likaNkulunkulu nokwamukela izindinganiso zakhe. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi lapho usemncane, kungenzeka ukuthi wawungakuthandi ukunambitheka kokudla okukufanele. Ukuze ukhule ube namandla, kwadingeka ufunde ukukujabulela ukudla okunjalo okunempilo. Ngendlela efanayo, kungathatha isikhathi ukuba uzithande izindinganiso zikaNkulunkulu. Uma uphikelela, uyogcina usuzithanda futhi uzoqina ngokomoya. (IHubo 34:8; 2 Thimothewu 3:15-17) Uyofunda ukwethemba uJehova futhi ushukunyiselwe ‘ukwenza okuhle.’—IHubo 37:3.

Kungenzeka ungabhekani nesimo esifana nesikaJodie. Noma kunjalo, usuku ngalunye wenza izinqumo zokuziphatha, ezincane nezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, iBhayibheli liyakunxusa: “Thembela kuJehova ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakho, ungenciki kokwakho ukuqonda. Mqaphele kuzo zonke izindlela zakho, yena uyokwenza izindlela zakho ziqonde.” (IzAga 3:5, 6) Ukufunda ukwethembela kuJehova ngeke nje kuphela kukuzuzise manje kodwa futhi kuzokuvulela ithuba lokuphila phakade, ngoba ukulalela uJehova uNkulunkulu kuholela ekuphileni.— Mathewu 7:13, 14.

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Umbono weningi ungase uthonywe amandla angabonakali

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Kuwo wonke umlando, izazi zefilosofi ziye zaphikisana ngendaba yokulungile nokungalungile

USOCRATES

UKANT

UCONFUCIUS

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Kant: From the book The Historian’s History of the World; Socrates: From the book A General History for Colleges and High Schools; Confucius: Sung Kyun Kwan University, Seoul, Korea

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IBhayibheli alisisizi nje kuphela ukuba sihlukanise okulungile kokungalungile kodwa lisishukumisela ukuba senze okulungile