Walalela UNkulunkulu Njengombusi Kunabantu

“Kumelwe silalele uNkulunkulu njengombusi kunabantu.”

CISHE eminyakeni eyizi-2 000 edlule, lamazwi esibindi ezwakala ehholo lenkantolo ePhakeme eJerusalema. Iqembu lamaKristu ekhulu lokuqala lalibuzwa umpristi omkhulu wamaJuda. Ayeboshwe ethempelini efundisa isixuku sabantu. Ingelosi kaJehova yayiwayale ukuba aye lapho futhi ashumayele iZwi likaNkulunkulu. Abapristi babewatshele ukuba angakwenzi lokho. Ubani owawuyomlalela esimweni esinjalo? AmaKristu ayengenakungabaza. Ayeyolalela uNkulunkulu njengombusi kunabantu.—IzEnzo 5:17-32, qhathanisa neNW.

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka aye adlula kusukela ngalesosikhathi, abanye baye balandela isibonelo sabo sesibindi lapho abaholi benkolo, njengalabo bapristi abangamaJuda bekhulu lokuqala leminyaka, bona ngokwabo benqaba ukuzwa iqiniso futhi baye bazama ukuvimbela abanye ukuba balizwe. (Mathewu 23:13) Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka, uJohn Husa (1371-1415) wasebenzisa lawomazwi afanayo lapho etshelwa ukuba angashumayeli eBohemia azalelwa kuyo, (ingxenye yeCzechoslovakia yanamuhla). Waqaphela igunya eliphakeme likaNkulunkulu neZwi laKhe ngesikhathi lapho bonke abantu bebheka upapa nesonto njengokuphakeme kakhulu. Wakuthatha kanjani lokhu kuma?

Isiqalo Semfundiso KaHus YeBhayibheli

UJohn Hus wakhuliswa umama wakhe ongumfelokazi ongumlimi: ngakho ukuthola imfundo kwakunzima. Ngokuvamile kwakumelwe acule emasontweni ukuze aziphilise. Nakuba ayengahlakaniphile kakhulu, wakwazi ukuzuza imfundo eUniversity of Prague futhi ekugcineni waba umphathi weyunivesithi.

Ngalesosikhathi, kwakunombango omkhulu eyunivesithi phakathi kwamaJalimane nabantu baseCzechoslovakia. UHus waba ngovelele ngasohlangothini lweCzechoslovakia, futhi ithonya lakhe lakhula njengoba aba umshumayeli onamandla amakhulu. Okwesikhathi esithile, kwakuye kwaba neziphithiphithi nezingxoxo ngokuphatha ngonya okuningi okwakuhilela iSonto lamaRoma Katolika, futhi ukusakazeka kwezincwadi zomenzi wenguquko oyiNgisi uJohn Wycliffe kwenza lokhu kwedlulela. Inhlangano yaseBohemia ayiqalanga ngenxa yezenzakalo zaseNgilandi: kunalokho, yaba khona ngesikhathi sazo. UJohn Hus wathola izincwadi zikaWycliffe zimkhanga, ikakhulukazi ethi On Truth of Holy Scripture, ayithola ngo-1407.

Nokho, waphikiswa umBhishobhi oMkhulu uZbynek wasePrague, owanengwa ukushumayela kukaHus futhi washisa obala izincwadi eziningi zikaWycliffe ngo-1410. UZbynek wakwenza lokhu ngokwenqabela konke ukushumayela ngaphandle kwasemasontweni amukelekayo, okwakungayihlanganisi iNdlu Yokukhulekela yaseBethlehem uHus ayengumongameli wayo. UHus wenqaba ukulalela ukwenqaba kombhishobhi omkhulu, ethi kwakumelwe ‘alalele uNkulunkulu kunabantu ezintweni ezidingekayo ngenxa yensindiso.’ Waxoxa nopapa, okuyinto umbhishobhi omkhulu amxoshela yona esontweni. Kodwa uHus akazange antengantenge, njengoba athola ukuthi ukuqonda kwakhe okukhulu kwakulolonge unembeza wakhe futhi kwawenza waba nozwela ngezimfundiso zeBhayibheli. Washo ngokucacile wathi: ‘Umuntu angaqamba amanga, kodwa uNkulunkulu angewaqambe,’ enanela amazwi kamphostoli uPawulu kwabaseRoma. (Roma 3:4) INkosi uWenceslas yakusekela ukwenza kukaHus inguquko, futhi ekugcineni uZbynek wabaleka kulelozwe, wafa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.

Ukuphikiswa kukaHus kwaphinda kwavela lapho esola impi engokwenkolo ngokumelene nenkosi yaseNaples futhi edalula ukuthethelelwa kwezono ngokukhokha imali, ngaleyondlela onakalisa imithombo yemali yabapristi. Lokhu kwakuvumela umuntu ukuba athole ukuxolelwa esijezisweni sesikhashana ngenxa yokukhokha imali. Ukuze agweme ukuletha izinkinga kulelodolobha, uHus wasuka ePrague waya kohlala emaphandleni okwesikhashana. Lapho, ngo-1413, wabhala incwadi ethi On Simony, eyadalula ukuthanda imali kwabefundisi nokusekelwa ababekunikezwa iziphathimandla zezwe. Nalapha, uHus wathola igunya lakhe eZwini likaNkulunkulu, ethi: “Noma imuphi umKristu othembekile kumelwe abe nomqondo wokungabambeleli kunoma ikuphi okuphambene nemiBhalo eNgcwele.”

UHus futhi waloba indaba enesihloko esithi De Ecclesia (EBandleni). Kuyona wabhala iziphakamiso eziningi, esinye sazo sasithi: “Ukuthi uPetru akakaze abe, futhi akayona, inhloko yeBandla.” Wathola ukuthi amavesi ayinhloko kaMathewu 16:15-18 ayechaza ngokucacile uJesu Kristu njengesisekelo nenhloko yebandla, okwakuyindikimba ephelele yabakholwayo. Ngakho umthetho kaKristu njengoba utholakala eZwini likaNkulunkulu wahlala uphakeme futhi hhayi okapapa. Kunalokho, opapa baqala embusweni waseRoma.

Ubufakazi Phambi KoMkhandlu WaseConstance

ISonto lamaKatolika lalingasenakukubekezelela ukudalula kukaHus futhi lambiza ukuba aphendule ngemibono yakhe phambi koMkhandlu waseConstance, owenziwa kusukela ngo-1414 kuya ku-1418 ngaseLake Constance.b Waphanjwa ukuba abe khona umfowabo wenkosi, uMbusi Sigismund, ngesithembiso sokuthi wayezolondeka, ngokushesha okwabonakala kungamanga. Ngokushesha ngemva kokufika kwakhe waboshwa, kodwa waqhubeka emelana negunya likapapa nelomkhandlu.

Lapho umkhandlu utshela uHus ukuba ahoxise imiqondo nezimfundiso zakhe, waphendula ngokuthi wayeyokwenza ngenjabulo lokho ukuba imiBhalo yayibonisa ukuthi unephutha, ngokuvumelana neyesi-2 Thimothewu 3:14-16. UHus waba nomuzwa wokuthi unembeza wakhe wawuyomlahla ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba wayehoxa ngezizathu ezingezwakali. Wathi: “Isifiso sami ngaso sonke isikhathi siwukuba imfundiso engcono ngiyiboniswe ngoniBhalo, khona-ke ngingakulungela ukuvuma iphutha.” Naphezu kokubeka kwakhe inselele yokuthi ilungu eliphansi lomkhandlu limbonise iphutha lakhe eZwini likaNkulunkulu ngokwalo, wabekwa icala njengomfundisi wokuphambene onenkani futhi wathunyelwa ejele ngaphandle kokuba kuxoxwe noma yini ngeBhayibheli.

NgoJuly 6, 1415, uHus wasolwa ngokomthetho endlini yababhishobhi baseConstance. Wayengavunyelwe ukuphendula njengoba ayefundelwa amacala akhe. Khona-ke wephucwa obala ubupristi, futhi izincwadi zakhe zashiswa egcekeni lesonto. Waholelwa eshashalazini lakulezozindawo futhi washiswa esigxotsheni. Umlotha wakhe waqoqwa futhi wafakwa eMfuleni iRhine ukuze kuvinjelwe noma ubani ekugcineni izinsalela zalomfel’ ukholo. Ngenxa yokuxhumana okuseduze noJohn Wycliffe, umkhandlu wamlahla ngecala futhi lowomenzi wenguquko—owayesefile kakade—wayala ukuba umzimba wakhe uvubukulwe futhi ushiswe umlotha wakhe ulahlwe emfuleni iSwift eNgilandi. Kamuva, umlandeli ovelele kakhulu kaHus, uJerome wasePrague, naye washiswa esigxotsheni.

Lokho UHus Akufinyelela

Ngaleyonkathi, uHus wayengomunye wamadoda okuqala aphikisa igunya lakho kokubili upapa nomkhandlu futhi esikhundleni salokho wemukela igunya eliphakeme lemiBhalo. Ngalokho wenza kwaqaliswa inqubo yamalungelo omuntu ngamunye, yenkululeko kanembeza nokukhuluma.

Eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu kamuva, uMartin Luther waseJalimane wathweswa icala lokuvuselela amaphutha kaWycliffe noHus. Ngokuqinisekile, uLuther wayenombono ofanayo oyisisekelo njengokaHus lapho ethi: “Ngaphandle kokuba ngilahlwa umBhalo nesizathu esisobala—angilamukeli igunya lopapa nelemikhandlu, ngoba baye baphikisana—unembeza wami uyisithunjwa seZwi likaNkulunkulu.” Mhlawumbe kungakho athi: “Sonke singabalandeli bakaHus singazi.”

UHus, uWycliffe, noLuther bazivuselela ngempela izimfundiso eziningi zamaKristu okuqala. Yebo, abazange bayilandele ngokugcwele leyondlela ngoba kwakungelula ngalezozinsuku ukuhlakaza ubumnyama bamakhulu eminyaka. Nokho, bonke bavumelana ephuzwini elilodwa elibalulekile: iZwi likaNkulunkulu kwakumelwe lize kuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimiphi imibono yabantu. AmaKristu okuqala aba nombono ofanayo okhanyisiwe ngoba ayefundiswe iNkosi, uJesu Kristu, ngokwayo.—Johane 17:17; 18:37.

Namuhla, amaKristu kumelwe athathe ukuma okufanayo. Sinamathuba angcono amaningi kunalawomakhulu eminyaka adlule. Okokuqala, iBhayibheli litholakala mahhala ngezilimi eziningi. Okwesibili, kulezinsuku zokugcina umoya ongcwele uye waholela labo abasabelayo ekuliqondeni kakhulu iBhayibheli. Ingabe uye wakwamukela lokhu kuqonda? Uma kunjalo, ngeke ube nakungabaza ngokwenanela isimiso uJohn Hus asenanela ngokuphikelela kangaka. Namuhla, isibalo esikhulu sabantu kunanini ngaphambili emlandweni siphila ngalawomazwi abaphostoli: “Simelwe ukulalela uNkulunkulu [“njengombusi,” NW] kunabantu.”—IzEnzo 5:29.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Isithombe ekhasini 29]

John Hus

[Isithombe ekhasini 31]

AmaBhayibheli aseCzechoslovakia, njengenguQulo ka-1579 eboniswe ngenhla, aziswa kakhulu abaqoqi banamuhla. UJohn Hus washiswa esigxotsheni ngenxa yokuthi wayekwazisa lokho iBhayibheli elalikusho ngaphezu kwezwi lomuntu