“Izinambuzane Zasolwandle” Ukudla Okumnandi
Iqembu lamakhasimende alambile lihleli phansi endaweni edayisa ukudla eNew York City. Lisebenzisa amathuluzi ensimbi, liqhekeza amagobolondo esilwanyana esikhulu esisasinambuzane. Lingawanaki amagobolondo aqhekekile namehlo okubonakala sengathi aligqolozele esemapuletini, leli qembu lamakhasimende elilambile liluma inyama ethambile enoshukeyana. Lidlani? “Izinambuzane zasolwandle”—ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ama-“lobster.”
KUNGANI ama-lobster ebizwa ngokuthi ayizinambuzane zasolwandle? Abadobi bavele bazibona zifana nezinambuzane lezi zilwanyana zasolwandle ezinegobolondo eliqinile lapho bezidonsela ezikebheni zabo ngamanetha.
Kodwa kunokunye ukufana okukhona. Phakathi nawo-1700, ama-lobster ayemaningi njengoswebezane lwezinambuzane kulo lonke ugu olusenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States. Lezi zilwanyana ezinomzimba omalungalunga zazibanjwa bese zisakazwa emasimini njengomquba. Zazisetshenziswa njengokudla kodobo. Zaziphakelwa iziboshwa. Ngalezo zinsuku, ama-lobster ayeyinto exhaphake kakhulu kangangokuba elinye iqembu lezisebenzi kuleyo ndawo laphumelela ukuthola isinqumo senkantolo esathi kwakungafanele ziphakelwe ama-lobster izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu ngesonto!
Ngokuphambene, kubantu abahlala emadolobheni akude nolwandle, ama-lobster ayewukudla okungavamile neze. Kungani? Kungenxa yokuthi uma esefile, ama-lobster onakala ngokushesha futhi awanakulondolozwa ngosawoti noma ngokuba omiswe. Kodwa, maphakathi nawo-1800, abakhiqizi baqala ukuwafaka emathinini, futhi ngaleyo ndlela abantu abengeziwe bakwazi ukuzwa ubumnandi bawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufika kwezitimela kwenza kwaba lula ukuthumela ama-lobster aphilayo kulo lonke elase-United States. Ngenxa yalokho, aqala ukufunwa ngobuningi. Noma kunjalo, kwakubiza kakhulu ukuthumela ama-lobster asanda kudotshwa, ngaleso sizathu aba yinto ejatshulelwa abacebile kuphela.
Namuhla abadobi babamba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-lobster ogwini lwezilwandle emhlabeni jikelele. I-lobster yaseMelika ingatholakala oLwandle i-Atlantic kusukela eNewfoundland kuya eNyakatho yeCarolina. Isizinda esiyinhloko salezi zinhlanzi emhlabeni jikelele, iMaine esenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States. Kule ndawo, ama-lobster aphekiwe naphilayo athunyelwa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Abawathumelayo bangase bathumele amakhilogremu angaba ngu-36 000 ngebhanoyi elilodwa nje vo.
Izinkampani zivame ukukukhiqiza kakhulu ukudla okuthandwayo emhlabeni futhi zenza inzuzo enkulu. Kodwa akunjalo ngama-lobster. Ngokuvamile, abadobi bawo bangabantu bendawo abazisebenzayo. Abazikhiqizeli wona kodwa bayahamba baye ezindaweni ezinala ma-lobster bayowadoba—kulokhu, okuwuLwandle i-Atlantic.
Indlela Yokubamba Ama-lobster
Bawabamba kanjani ama-lobster abadobi bawo? Ukuze iphendule lo mbuzo, i-Phaphama! yakhuluma noJack, oyisizukulwane sesine sabadobi bama-lobster eBar Harbor, eMaine. UJack waqala ukudoba eneminyaka engu-17, futhi usebenza echwebeni okwakusebenza kulo ukhokho wakhe. UmkaJack, u-Annette naye ukuleli bhizinisi. Uthi, “Ngashadela ekudobeni. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili ngifundiswa ukudoba ngesikebhe sikaJack, futhi kamuva ngathenga esami.”
UJack no-Annette bawabamba kanjani ama-lobster? U-Annette uyachaza: “Sithatha ibhodwe lama-lobster, ikheji lensimbi elinezinhlangothi ezine eliyisicupho esinendawo encane evulekile, bese sifaka isikhwama esinokudla kwawo phakathi, inhlanzi enamafutha okuthiwa i-herring.” Esicuphweni ngasinye abadobi babophela into okuthiwa i-buoy entanta phezu kwamanzi. “La ma-buoy apendwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene ukuze kamuva abadobi bakwazi ukubona okungawabo,” kusho u-Annette.
Lapho isicupho sesiphonswe phakathi emanzini, siyazika bese i-buoy enombala intanta ukuze abadobi bakwazi ukubona izicupho zabo ngokushesha. U-Annette uthi: “Siyaziyeka izicupho zihlale izinsukwana, bese sibuya sizozidonsela esikebheni. Uma kune-lobster ngaphakathi siyayithatha siyikale.” Abadobi abanonembeza njengoJack no-Annette bawabuyisela olwandle ama-lobster amancane; namanye ayizinsikazi ukuze azale.
Ngemva kwalokho, abadobi baya emachwebeni aseduze ukuze badayise ama-lobster aphilayo. Ngaphandle kwamaqembu asebenza ndawonye, azikho izivumelwano ezisayiniwe—kumane nje kungabadobi bendawo bedayisela abantu bendawo. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, ukudoba ama-lobster kuye kwasinda emkhubeni wokuzikhiqizela wona. UJack uthi, “Abadobi abathile baye bathola imvume yokufuya ama-lobster azalela amaqanda. Bachamuselisa amaqanda bawakhulise okwesikhashana bese bewabuyisela olwandle. Lo mkhuba wenza ukuba kube nama-lobster amaningi.”
Ukudoba lezi zinhlanzi kungase kungabi yindlela elula kakhulu yokuziphilisa noma indlela engcono kakhulu yokuceba. Kodwa uma ubuza laba badobi, bakutshela ngezinto ezibajabulisayo—inkululeko yokuba nebhizinisi elingelabo noma ukuqhubeka nesiko lomndeni noma lomphakathi noma injabulo elethwa ukuhlala nokusebenza ogwini lolwandle. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, kubanika ukwaneliseka okukhulu laba badobi ukwazi ukuthi “izinambuzane zasolwandle” eziyigugu zizojatshulewa abantu abalambile ezindaweni ezidayisa ukudla kuwo wonke umhlaba.
[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 12]
IZINGOZI ZOKUDOBA AMA-LOBSTER
Ukudoba ama-lobster kungase kubonakale kuwumsebenzi ophephile. Kodwa akunjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ithi, “kusukela ngo-1993 kuya ku-1997, isibalo sabadobi abafela emsebenzini eMaine sasingabadobi abasemthethweni abangu-14 kwabangu-100 000, okuyinani eliphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2,5 uma liqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sezwe (sabangu-4,8 ezisebenzini ezingu-100 000) kuzo zonke izimboni.”
Ngokwe-NIOSH, uphenyo olwenziwa Amaphoyisa Asogwini e-U.S. lwathola ukuthi “abadobi bama-lobster bavame ukugigeka entanjeni yokudonsa isicupho, bese beyaminza ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuzikhulula kuyo noma yokungakwazi ukubuyela esikebheni.” Ocwaningweni olwenziwa kubadobi bama-lobster abangu-103, kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2000, cishe abathathu kwabane babika ukuthi bake bagigeka entanjeni nakuba kungebona bonke abadonseleka ngaphandle kwesikebhe. Kuye kwasikiselwa izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze abadobi bama-lobster babe namathuluzi okunqamula intambo bazikhulule noma bagweme ukugigeka.
[Izithombe emakhasini 10, 11]
1. UJack udonsa isicupho sama-“lobster”
2. U-Annette noJack bakhipha ama-“lobster” ekhejini lensimbi elinembobo encane
3. I-“lobster” ngayinye ikalwa ngesikali sawo