Ukubuka Okwezwe
Kubalulekile Ukuzilungiselela Inhlekelele
I-International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ithi “ngokwe-World Disasters Report 1999, izinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo zanyakenye zazizimbi kakhulu emlandweni ngokudala umonakalo omkhulu kunanini ngaphambili.” Isomiso, ukuphelelwa kwenhlabathi amandla, izikhukhula nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kwaxosha abantu abayizigidi ezingu-25 emapulazini abo, bayofuna isiphephelo emiphakathini yasemadolobheni ehlala emijondolo, okuye kwabangela ‘ababaleki’ abaningi kunababangelwa yizimpi nezinxushunxushu.” Amazwe athinteka kakhulu yilawo asathuthuka, lapho amaphesenti angu-96 abantu abafa khona ábulawa yizinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo. Kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, izikhwama zezinhlangano ezinikeza usizo oluphuthumayo ziye zancipha ngamaphesenti angu-40. Eqokomisa isidingo sokushintsha umbono ngokuphathelene nokulungela izinhlekelele, umqondisi ophethe ezezinhlekelele kule nhlangano, uPeter Walker, wathi: “Ukwenza okuthile ngoba nje sekuvele inhlekelele akusizi . . . Asiyilindi indlu ize iqedwe amalangabi, bese sinikela ngemali ukuze sisekele abacishi-mlilo.”
Ingozi Lapho Uqalo Luqhakaza
Izingxenye ezinkulu zenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya zisitshekelwe amahlathi oqalo. Abantu baba nexhala ezifundazweni zaseManipur naseMizoram njengoba uqalo luqala ukuqhakaza. Ngani? Ngoba ukuqhakaza kohlobo oluthile lwezitshalo zoqalo kulezi zindawo, okuthiwa i-mautang, kwenzeka kanye eminyakeni engaba ngu-50, kanti kubiza amagundane. Njengoba edla lezi zimbali, amagundane azala ngokushesha abese eqala ukuhlasela izilimo, ekugcineni abangele indlala. Ngokwe-Times of India, kwaba nendlala ngo-1957 ngemva kokuqhakaza koqalo ngo-1954/55. Uzama ukuvimbela enye indlala, uhulumeni weSifundazwe saseMizoram waxhasa umkhankaso wokubulala la magundane. Wawukhokhela umuntu i-rupee eyodwa uma ebambe igundane. Ngo-April, kwase kutholakale amagundane angaba ngu-90 000, futhi bekulokhu kuqongelelwa izimali zokuqhubeka nalo mkhankaso wokulwa namagundane.
Utamatisi Welapha Umdlavuza
Ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwe yi-American Association for Cancer Research lubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka utamatisi unekhemikhali evimbela ukwanda komdlavuza we-prostate. Ikhemikhali eyenza utamatisi ube bomvu, i-lycopene, ingase inciphise izimila zomdlavuza kuyi-prostate bese inciphisa ukudlulela komdlavuza kwezinye izicubu zomzimba. Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-U.S. National Cancer Institute “lwembula ukuthi utamatisi nayo yonke imikhiqizo yawo awuphumeleli nje ekulweni nomdlavuza we-prostate kuphela kodwa futhi uvimbela umdlavuza wamanyikwe, amaphaphu nopopopo.”
Izinkinga Ezingokwengqondo Ezinganeni
Ngokombiko we-Mental Health Foundation, ingxenye yesihlanu yentsha yaseBrithani eneminyaka engaphansi kuka-20 inezinkinga ezingokwengqondo. Umqondisi wale nhlangano uJune McKerrow uthi nakuba “uHulumeni, ochwepheshe nemithombo yezindaba bebonakala beyikhathalela inhlalakahle yezingane engokomzimba nentuthuko yazo kwezemfundo, izingane azivuseleleki ngokomzwelo.” Lo mbiko ubonisa ukuthi kunezici eziningi eziyimbangela yalokhu. Izingane “ziphoqeleka zisencane kakhulu ukuba ziziqhathanise nontanga lapho zihlolwa noma kuhlaziywa isimo sazo,” futhi eziningi zisishiya phansi isikole zicabanga ukuthi ziyizehluleki. Imidlalo yangaphandle, esiza intsha “ukuba icabange ngezinqumo futhi izethembe ngokwengeziwe futhi ikwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezingezinhle,” iye yathathelwa indawo ama-computer nethelevishini. Ukukhangisa “kuvusa isifiso sokuba nezinto engenazo noma ukuzenza umuntu othile engeyena.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Daily Telegraph iphawula ukuthi njengoba izinga lesehlukaniso lingamaphesenti angu-50 futhi abazali abaningi besebenza, ukucindezeleka kwezingane “kuyanda ngenxa yokuthi azikwazi ukuncika ngokomzwelo emikhayeni yakubo.”
Okwenyukela Phezulu Kufanele Kwehle
Kuyinto evamile kwezinye izindawo zase-United States nasemazweni ambalwa aseLatin America ukuba abaxokozeli bagubhe ukuqala konyaka omusha ngokudubula phezulu. Kodwa amaphoyisa abanxusa ukuba bangakwenzi lokho. Isikhulu samaphoyisa saseLos Angeles, uWillie Williams, sithi: “Uma udubula phezulu, leyo nhlamvu iwela endaweni ethile.” Futhi leyo ndawo ethile ingase ibe sekhanda lomuntu. Kuye kwafa idlanzana labantu ngale ndlela kule minyaka embalwa edlule e-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwabikwa abaningi abalimele nokonakala kwempahla, ngezinye izikhathi okuye kwabangelwa yizinhlamvu ezivela kude. Ngokuvamile, abantu abadubula phezulu ngephutha bacabanga ukuthi lezo zinhlamvu ziphelela emoyeni noma ngeke zilimaze muntu lapho zehla. Kodwa inhlamvu edutshulwa phezulu emoyeni ingehla ngamandla amakhulu “anele ukubangela inxeba, ukukhipha iso noma ukubhoboza ugebhezi lomntwana oluthambile,” kusho uFred King, umkhulumeli woMnyango Wamaphoyisa AseHouston.
Ukubhebhezela Ubandlululo Olungokwenkolo
I-Catholic International ibika ukuthi ngokwe-International Helsinki Federation, inhlangano elwela amalungelo abantu, kuye kwaqubuka “ukushushiswa okuhlukahlukene” kwezinkolo okuthiwa zintsha eYurophu. Ukuze bavale izinkolo ezincane, ohulumeni abaningi bazama ukuthatha izinyathelo ezingokomthetho ezingqubuzana nezimiso zokulwela inkululeko kanembeza nenkolo. Imibiko yasephalamende engacacile nokunyundelwa “kwamahlelo ayingozi” eBelgium, eFrance naseJalimane kuye kwabhebhezela ubandlululo nokucwasana. Nokho, uWilly Fautré, umongameli we-Human Rights Without Frontiers, ubonisa ukuthi “yinani elincane” kuphela lalezi zinkolo eliwusongo emphakathini nokuthi ukwesatshwa kwazo kuyihaba. Wathi amasonto amakhulu aye abhebhezela le nkinga ngokuzenza “abahlanganyeli kanye nabahluleli” emacaleni nangokukhuthaza “izingxabano kunokuba kuboniswane.”
Ingabe Ulala Ngokwanele?
Iphephandaba i-Toronto Star lithi abantu “abahlale befuna ukuthatha isithongwana emini, abozelayo lapho besemihlanganweni, noma abanenkinga yokugxilisa ingqondo” abalali ngokwanele ebusuku. Abantu abaningi badinga ukulala amahora angu-7 kuya kwangu-9 ubusuku ngabunye ukuze basebenze kahle phakathi nosuku. Nakhu okunye ukusikisela kochwepheshe kwendlela ongaphumelela ngayo: Kwenze kube yinto eza kuqala ukulala. Zinike isikhathi sokuphumula ngaphambi kokuba ulale. Ukushaywa umoya kungase kusize, kodwa gwema ukuvivinya umzimba ngamandla emahoreni amathathu ngaphambi kokulala. Lala futhi uvuke ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye. Uma kwenzeka uphaphama ebusuku, ungakhathazeki noma uzame ukuxazulula izinkinga—kunalokho, cabanga ngezinto ezijabulisayo. Uma ubuthongo bungafiki ngemva kwesigamu sehora, vuka wenze okuthile okuqabulayo, njengokufunda. Qaphela ukuba ungadli noma uphuze ngokweqile uma usuzolala, kodwa-ke ungazibulali ngendlala.
Ukwanda Kwezingane Ezingamahlongandlebe
Iphephandaba i-Hessische-Niedersächsische Allgemeine libika ukuthi ngonyaka odlule eJalimane, izenzo zobugebengu ezenziwa yintsha zanda. “Isibalo sezingane ezamangalelwa ngokulimaza” abanye senyuka ngamaphesenti angu-14,1. Okwakuphawuleka kakhulu ukwanda kwabamangalelwa abayizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14—ezazingu-152 774—ukwanda okungamaphesenti angu-5,9. Echaza ukuthi lesi simo “siyashaqisa kakhulu,” uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi, u-Otto Schily, waqokomisa ukuthi kunesidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala zokunqanda lesi simo. Wabonisa ukuthi nakuba uhulumeni ungasiza, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yemfundo nezemisebenzi, umkhaya ikakhulukazi ofeza indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ubugebengu.
Indawo Entsha YaseCanada
Ngo-April 1, 1999, kwaqanjwa indawo entsha eCanada esenyakatho, iNunavut (ephinyiswa ngokuthi Noonahvoot). Kuyaqala ngqá ukuba ibalazwe laseCanada lishintshe kusukela iNewfoundland yangena ngaphansi kwaleli zwe ngo-1949. Ngokombiko wephephandaba i-Toronto Star, iNunavut ihlanganisa cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yezwe laseCanada, futhi lokhu kuyenza ibe nkulu kunesifundazwe esikhulu kuleli zwe, iQuebec. Futhi iphawuleka ngokuthi inenani elincane lomphakathi futhi elakhiwa yintsha eCanada. Abantu ababalelwa ku-27 000 bahlala kule ndawo, kanti abangamaphesenti angu-56 kubona baneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-25. INunavut, igama elisho “Izwe Lethu” ngesi-Inuktitut, ibé khona ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi kwama-Inuit nohulumeni wezwe esihilela ukwakhiwa kwendawo namalungelo abantu boMdabu.