Ukubuka Okwezwe
AmaKatolika Anxusa Upapa
Ekupheleni kuka-1995, amaKatolika aseJalimane abhala isicelo efuna uguquko esontweni, kubika i-Süddeutsche Zeitung. Lesi sicelo, esasayinwa abantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-1,6, sacela leli sonto ukuba livumele abapristi ukuba bashade, ukuba livumele abesifazane babe abapristi, nokuba lishintshe ukuma kwalo ngobulili nokuvimbela inzalo. “Umuntu esibhekisele kuye kakhulu upapa,” kuchaza uChristian Weisner, umsunguli walesi sicelo. Leli phephandaba lathi uKarl Lehmann, usihlalo weNgqungquthela Yababhishobhi BaseJalimane, wayemelene ngokungathi sína nalesi sicelo, ethi siyohlukanisa amaKatolika adla ngoludala nasekela izinguquko. Noma kunjalo, uLehmann waya eVatican eyonikeza upapa imiphumela yalesi sicelo.
Kunezelwe “Umzuzwana Owengeziwe” Ku-1995
Kubonakala sengathi ukujikeleza komhlaba akuyena umgcini-sikhathi onokwethenjelwa. Ngokwe-New York Times, ososayensi banendlela enembe kakhudlwana yokugcina isikhathi—i-cesium atom. Njengoba isetshenziswa njengengxenye eyinhloko ye-atomic clock, i-cesium atom inyakaza izikhathi ezingu-9192 631 770 ngomzuzwana. Ngalesi sivinini, i-atomic clock ingaba “nephutha cishe ngomzuzwana eminyakeni engu-370 000.” Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukujikeleza komhlaba akunembile ngezikhathi ezingaba isigidi, okwenza kunezelwe “umzuzwana owengeziwe” ngezikhathi ezithile. Indikimba yomhlaba wonke yabagcini-sikhathi yanquma ukunezela lowo “mzuzwana owengeziwe” ekupheleni kuka-1995. Lokhu kwenza ukuba “ukujikeleza kweplanethi yethu nokuhamba kwesikhathi” kuhlale kufana. Nokho, ososayensi abanakuziqhayisa ngalokhu okusha okutholakele. Phela, “ukuhamba kwezinhlayiyana zama-athomu zaleli washi, ngokwezinga elithile, kulingisa ukuhleleka okukhulu kwezimiso zamaplanethi,” kusho i-Times.
Abantwana Abancane Nobuchwepheshe
“Abantwana abaningi ngokwandayo bakwazi ukusebenzisa ama-computer ngaphambi kokuba bakwazi ukufunda nokubhala,” kubika i-Globe and Mail yaseCanada. Abanye abantwana abangakakwazi nokuhamba noma ukukhuluma kakade sebesebenzisa ama-computer. Ngisho nabantwana abangakakwazi ukuhlala bafundiswa amakhono obuchwepheshe lapho begonwe abazali babo. Intshiseko yokufundisa izinsana ukusebenzisa ama-computer ngokuvamile ibangelwa abazali abafuna ukuba abantwana babo bakhaliphe esikoleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani eziningi zama-computer zikhangisa imikhiqizo yazo njengezindlela zokufundisa abantwana. Nokho, abanye abazali bayakungabaza ukugcizelelwa kokuba abantwana abancane kangaka bajwayelane nemishini esikhundleni sokujwayelana nabantu. Omunye umama wathi: “Asibakhi ubuhlobo nama-computer, noma okungenani angicabangi ukuthi kufanele.”
Ikhambi Elilula
Eminyakeni yamuva nje liye lanyuka inani lezidumbu ezinikelwa ekucwaningeni kwezokwelapha eJapane. Ngokwe-Daily Yomiuri, uMnyango Wezemfundo uthi “kudingeka isidumbu esisodwa kubafundi bezokwelapha ababili kanye [nesisodwa] kubafundi abane bezokwelapha amazinyo, okwenza inani lezidumbu ezidingekayo kulo lonke lelizwe libe ngu-4500 ngonyaka.” Kodwa kungani kunabantu abaningi abanikela izidumbu zabo kunenani elidingekayo ngempela? Ukuntuleka kwendawo yamathuna nokuwohloka kwezibopho zomkhaya kuphakathi kwezizathu ezisikiselwayo.
Bangaphezu Kuka-500 000 Abanengculaza E-United States
Ngokokuqala ngqá, ngo-October 31, 1995, inani labantu okwabikwa ukuthi banengculaza e-United States laba ngaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi, kusho i-Journal of the American Medical Association. Kuleli nani, abangu-311 381—amaphesenti angu-62—kakade base bebulewe yilesi sifo. Esinye isimo esishaqisayo kwakuwukwanda okuqhubekayo kwengculaza ngokuhlangana ngokobulili kwabobulili obuhlukile. Leli phephabhuku labonisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-1981 kuya ku-1987, isilinganiso sabesifazane abanengculaza sasingamaphesenti angu-8 kuphela, kodwa kusukela ngo-1993 kuya ku-1995, leso sibalo sase senyuke saba amaphesenti angu-18.
Imilutha Yama-computer
Umkhuba wokusebenzisa ama-computer ayinxanxathela uye wabangela isifo esisha esibizwa ngokuthi i-“Internet Addiction Disorder.” Ngokwe-New Scientist, “labo abaphethwe yilesi sifo esifana nokuluthwa utshwala baphendukela ngobuningi emaqenjini okusekelana nawokwelapha ukuze belashwe ukulutheka kwabo.” UDkt. Ivan Goldberg, isazi sezifo zengqondo saseNew York, uye waqala i-Internet Addiction Support Group ukuze asize labo “abanobunzima bokugqashula” kulomgwaqo omkhulu wokwaziswa. Izimpawu zalokhu kuphazamiseka zihlanganisa “isidingo sokuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe kuyi-Internet ukuze waneliseke, nokwakha amaphupho nge-Net.” Lomagazini uthi uGoldberg usethole “ukusabela kwabantu abangaphezu kwabangu-20 abathi le-Net iye yonakalisa ukuphila kwabo.”
Ukukhanya Kwelanga Kwandisa Ukuzimisela
Ukungenisa ukukhanya okungokwemvelo esakhiweni kuphumela “emkhiqizweni ophakeme” “nasezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezilahleka ngokuphutha emsebenzini,” kubika i-Wall Street Journal. Njengoba ekuqaleni wawusetshenziswa njengendlela yokonga amandla kagesi, umklamo wesakhiwo ongenisa ukukhanya kwelanga emsebenzini unemivuzo emihle ekuthuthukiseni ukuzimisela kwezisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho inkampani enkulukazi yemishini yasemkhathini i-Lockheed Corporation ivula ihhovisi elisha eSunnyvale, eCalifornia, umklamo wayo wokonga amandla kagesi “wanciphisa ingqikithi yezindleko zikagesi ngengxenye.” Nokho, i-Lockheed yayingalindele ukuthi izisebenzi zaziyoyithanda lendawo entsha kangangokuba “ukuphutha emsebenzini kwehla” ngamaphesenti angu-15. Izinzuzo zokungenisa ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe esakhiweni ziye zaqashelwa ngisho nangabathengisi. Omunye umthengisi wathola ukuthi izitolo ezisebenzisa ukukhanya okungokwemvelo zazithengisa “kakhulu ngempela” kunezitolo ezisebenzisa ukukhanya kokuzenzela.
Izwe Eliqaphela Amanzi
“Izimpi zekhulu elizayo ziyobe ziphathelene namanzi,” kuxwayisa u-Ismail Serageldin, iphini likamongameli wendawo ezungezile weBhange Lomhlaba. NgokukaSerageldin, amazwe angu-80 kakade anokuntuleka kwamanzi okusongela ukuphila nezomnotho. Kodwa inkinga ayikhona ukuthi awekho amanzi anele emhlabeni. “Ingqikithi yamanzi aphuzwayo eMhlabeni izedlula zonke izidingo zesintu ezingacatshangwa,” kusho isazi samanzi uRobert Ambroggi. Izinhlekelele eziningi zibangelwa ukungasetshenziswa kahle kwamanzi. Ingxenye yamanzi asetshenziswa ekuniseleni ngenkasa izika enhlabathini noma ihwamuke. Izimiso zamanzi zasemadolobheni zivuza amanzi asuka kumaphesenti angu-30 kuya kwangu-50, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu. “Isikhathi siyeza,” kusho i-Economist, “lapho amanzi kuyomelwe aphathwe njengento eyigugu, njengowoyela, hhayi into etholakala mahhala njengomoya.”
Ukulala Ngaphandle Kwezinhlungu
Imithi ethile yezinhlungu ethengiswayo ingase ibangele ukuqwasha, kubika i-Tufts University Diet & Nutrition Letter. “Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye zezinhlobo eziphambili zezidambisa-zinhlungu ziqukethe i-caffeine engangeyenkomishi yekhofi, noma ngaphezulu.” I-caffeine—okuthile okushukumisa imizwa okungenamandla kakhulu—ngokuvamile ifakwa kuyi-aspirin nakwezinye izibulala-zinhlungu ukuze zibe namandla. Eqinisweni, ezinye izinhlobo ezithandwayo ziqukethe amamiligremu angafinyelela ku-130 e-caffeine emaphilisini amabili. Lokho “kungaphezulu kakhulu kwamamiligremu angu-85 atholakala enkomishini evamile” yekhofi. Ngakho-ke leli phephandaba litusa ukuba uhlole ilebula yesibulala-zinhlungu ukuze uthole ukuthi “izakhi zaso” aziqukethe yini i-caffeine.
“Ingozi Yesifo Sofuba”
Izinhlobo ezintsha zesifo sofuba (TB) ezimelana nemithi eminingi yezokwelapha zibulala abantu abangu-10 000 eNdiya isonto ngalinye, kubika iphephandaba i-Indian Express. NgokukaKraig Klaudt we-World Health Organization, izwe laseNdiya “lihlezi phezu kwengozi ye-TB.” Emhlabeni wonke, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1750 banegciwane lesifo sofuba. Iqembu lochwepheshe ababevela emazweni angu-40 elalinomhlangano owawuxhaswe iphephabhuku lezokwelapha laseBrithani i-Lancet, lithi izinkampani zokuthaka imithi azizimisele ukubekelela imali edingekayo yokuthola imithi emisha ngoba abaningi abanalesi sifo basemazweni asathuthuka ampofu.
Amasela Angasitholi Isijeziso
Ngokwezibalo zango-1994, e-Italy “labo abaphangayo banethuba elingamaphesenti angu-94 lokungasitholi isijeziso,” kanti “labo abaphanga ngobudlova banethuba elingamaphesenti angu-80 lokungasitholi isijeziso,” kubika i-Repubblica. Lezi zibalo zatholwa emibikweni eyatholwa iziphathimandla zokwahlulela emanxuseni omthetho. Ukuba bekungacatshangelwa izenzo eziningi zobugebengu ezingabikwa, izinga lobugebengu obungatholi sijeziso belingenyuka ngisho nakakhulu.
Imikhaya Yase-Italy Iyashintsha
Ngokokuhlolwa kwemikhaya yase-Italy, abantu abaningi abangashadile bahlala ndawonye futhi imibhangqwana eminingi eshadile ihlala ngokuhlukana noma iyahlukanisa, kubika iphephandaba i-Repubblica. Minyaka yonke kuba nemishado engaba ngu-18 000 lapho okungenani oyedwa kulemibhangqwana eshada kabusha. Lezi zibopho zomshado ezintsha ngokuvamile zibangela ukuba kube nemikhaya emikhulu ehlanganisa izingane zomshado wangaphambili. Lomkhuba, kanye nokwanda kwemikhaya enomzali oyedwa, usishintsha ngokushesha nangokuphawulekayo isimo somkhaya ovamile wase-Italy.