Ukubuka Okwezwe

Amasonto AseJalimane Avuma Icala LokuQothulwa Kwesizwe

Ngo-January 1995 kwakuphela iminyaka engu-50 selokhu kwakhululwa ikamu lokuhlushwa lase-Auschwitz, ePoland, lapho amaNazi ayeshushisa khona ngokuhleliwe amaJuda, amaSlav, amaGypsy, oFakazi BakaJehova, nabanye. Amanye amasonto aseJalimane ayalivuma leli cala. I-Süddeutsche Zeitung yabika ukuthi iNgqungquthela Yababhishobhi baseJalimane yachaza “umlando ogcwele icala wezwe lakithi kanye nesonto lakithi,” ivuma ukuthi “amaKatolika ayenephutha necala elikhulu. Amaningi avumela ukuthonywa imibono ye-National Socialism futhi azishaya indiva izenzo zobugebengu.” Usihlalo we-Council of Protestant Churches eJalimane wavuma ukuthi “lapho siqaphela leli qiniso elibuhlungu, siye saqaphela ukuthi ngisho nemfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu nesonto kwahlanganyela emlandweni omude wokubandlulula nokuzonda amaJuda.”

Ithempeli Lokuhlukanisa

Abantu abanethemba lokuthola isehlukaniso noma ukulahla obunye ubuhlobo abangabufuni bathutheleka ethempelini elithile lobuShinto e-Ashikaga, engamakhilomitha angu-80 enyakatho yeTokyo. Njengoba laziwa ngokuthi iThempeli Lokunqamula Izibopho, libonakala liwukuphela kwethempeli lobuShinto eJapane elamukela izicelo zesehlukaniso, kusho iphephandaba i-Asahi Evening News. Nsuku zonke, kufika inqwaba yabakhulekeli. Ngamunye ubhala isicelo sakhe kuyi-ema, ibhodi elincane lokhuni, ayilengise ezindongeni ethempelini, abese enxusa onkulunkulu ukuba baphendule. Leli phephandaba lichaza ukuthi cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lapho leli thempeli lisungulwa, “abafazi babathengisi bendawo abacebile babebhala imithandazo becela ukuba abayeni babo bashiye amashende futhi babuyele kubo.” Nokho, namuhla izicelo ezenziwa ngobuqotho akusezona ezokubuyisana.

Amehlo Enza Umsebenzi Okabili

Abacwaningi bathi iso lomuntu linemisebenzi engaphezu kowodwa. Omunye ukusinikeza ikhono lokubona. Omunye, osanda kutholwa futhi wabikwa kuyi-New England Journal of Medicine, ukungenisa imisebe yokukhanya elawula iwashi lomzimba langaphakathi nsuku zonke. Ngenxa yokuthi lomsebenzi wesibili wenzeka ngaphandle kwekhono lokubona, ngisho nabantu abayizimpumputhe ngokugcwele futhi abangakuboni ukukhanya bangaba namawashi omzimba asebenza kahle. Lokhu okutholiwe kungaholela ezinguqukweni ekwelapheni izimpumputhe. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhuba ovamile uwukukhipha amehlo ezimpumputhe ezingaboni nhlobo futhi kufakwe esikhundleni sawo amehlo okuzenzela athuthukisa ukubukeka komuntu. Futhi, ngabantu abayizimpumputhe ngokuphelele ngokuvamile abangakutholi ukuhlolwa kwezifo ezinjenge-glaucoma, evimbela ikhono le-retina lokungenisa ukukhanya. UDkt. Charles A. Czeisler, umholi waleli qembu labacwaningi, uthi ngenxa yalokho iningi lalaba bantu alisakwazi ukuvumelanisa amawashi emizimba yabo nomjikelezo wobusuku nemini wamahora angu-24, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kokulala okuhlala njalo okufana nokukhathala kwangemva kokuhamba isikhathi eside ngendiza.

“USanta Ongumxhasi” Wamabhayisikobho

Iphephandaba laseMadrid, eSpain, i-País, libika ukuthi ngokushesha imboni yamabhayisikobho izoba ‘nosanta wayo ongumxhasi.’ Ukuze kugujwe iminyaka yokuqala eyikhulu yemboni yamabhayisikobho, iVatican ihlaziya abangase bafaneleke. Intandokazi uFrancis wase-Assisi, umsunguli wesigcawu sokuzalwa kukaJesu, abanye abenzi bamafilimu abasibheka ‘njengesigcawu saseHollywood’ esincane. Elinye igama elisikiselwe uJuan Bosco, umpristi ongumlandeli kaSales owasebenzisa ezokuzijabulisa njengethuluzi lokufundisa izingane. Omunye umqondisi wamafilimu wasikisela “uSanta Domingo de Guzmán, owasungula i-Inqusition, omunye wemibukiso yokuqala edl’ ubhedu.” Ithelevishini, umklamo wamuva nje, kakade isinaye “uSanta” Clara “ongusanta ongumxhasi.” Waqokwa ngoba wayevame ukuba khona eMiseni ngokubuka efasiteleni lesitokisi ayevalelwe kuso. Nokho, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi osanta banamandla okulawula izinhlelo.

Ukuphila Kwangemva Kokufa Noma Ukudungeka Kwengqondo?

Imithombo yezindaba ivame ukusakaza ukulandiswa “kokuhlangenwe nakho kwasethunzini lokufa,” lapho iziguli ebezisethunzini lokufa kamuva zibika ukuthi ziye zanambitha ukuphila kwangemva kokufa. Ukuhlola kweqembu elithile lezazi zezinzwa zaseJalimane muva nje kubonise ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo kubangelwa ukuntula umoya-mpilo, okubangela ukudungeka kwengqondo. Ngokwephephandaba lesiDashi i-Gooi en Eemlander, leli qembu lahlola abasha abayimiqemane abangu-42 abaquleka imizuzwana efinyelela kwengu-22 ngenxa yokuhluleka ukuphefumula. Kamuva, laba basha bachaza imizwa nemibono efana ngokuphawulekayo “nokuhlangenwe nakho kwasethunzini lokufa.” Abanye babika ukuthi babone imibala egqamile nezibani, bezibona bekwelenyoni, bebona abathandekayo bejabulile, njalonjalo. Abasha abaningi bachaza ukuthi lemizwa iyajabulisa futhi inokuthula—kangangokuthi babengafuni ukuphaphama.

Ingxenye Yomhlaba Ayikathintwa

“Naphezu kwemizamo yesintu yokuzikhandla, cishe indawo engaphezu kwengxenye yeplanethi uMhlaba isewugwadule,” kubika umagazini i-New Scientist. Ukuhlola okusha “kwathola ukuthi indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-90, cishe amaphesenti angu-52 ayo yonke indawo eyinhlabathi, ayikathintwa.” Kungani lokhu kuphakeme kakhulu kangaka kunemiphumela yokuhlola kwango-1989, okwabonisa ukuthi yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yaleplanethi ewugwadule? Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kuhlola kwamuva, okwenziwa uLee Hannah we-Conservation International, kwahlanganisa nezindawo ezinobuncane obungamakhilomitha-skwele angu-1 000, kunokuba kusetshenziswe isilinganiso sangaphambili samakhilomitha-skwele angu-4 000. Lesi sihloko sathi: “Okunye ukuhlolisisa cishe kuyokwembula ingxenye enkulu yaleplanethi engakathintwa abantu.” Nokho, uHannah waveza ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yendawo engakathintwa “iyidwala, iqhwa nesihlabathi,” abantu nezilwane abangenakuhlala kuyo. Wathi: “Abantu baye baphazamisa indawo engokwemvelo cishe endaweni okuhlalwa kuyo engaba izingxenye ezintathu kwezine kuleplanethi.” Izigaba ezintathu zalokhu kuhlola kwakuyilezi: indawo engakathintwa (amaphesenti angu-52), ephazanyisiwe (amaphesenti angu-24), kanti okuhlalwa kuyo (amaphesenti angu-24).

Abagembulela UNkulunkulu?

Minyaka yonke, abantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-29 bathutheleka eLas Vegas, eNevada, e-U.S.A., bevela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Yiqiniso, abaningi baya lapho beyogembula, kodwa abaningi babo bafuna nokuthandaza futhi bakhulekele. I-New York Times ibika ukuthi ngenxa yalokho isifunda sombhishobhi samaKatolika kulendawo sisanda kwakha isonto lama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-3,5 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-12,7), elinezihlalo ezingu-2 200 ebangeni nje elifushane ukusuka emahhotela amane ayizikhungo zokugembula ezinkulu kunazo zonke kuleli dolobha. Njengoba abakhulekeli bakuleli sonto abangaba amaphesenti angu-80 beyizivakashi ezibona amazwe, iningi labo elivakashelé ukuzogembula, leli sonto libamema ukuba bafake imali yokugembula epuletini lenkongozelo. Leli sonto futhi linesitolo sezipho, lapho abasekeli bemenywa khona ukuba basebenzise imali yabo yokugembula njengemali yokuthenga. Lesi sitolo sithengisa ngisho nohlamvu lokugembula oluyisikhumbuzo olunomfanekiso kaJesu Kristu. Esikhathini esithile leli sonto laliqashe indela engumlandeli kaFrancis ukuba ihambele zonke izikhungo zokugembula masonto onke ukuze ishintshe imali yokugembula enikelwe esontweni. Yethiwa ngokuthi u-chip monk.

Izingozi Zokulala Isikhathi Eside Ngenxa Yokugula

“Ukulala isikhathi eside ngenxa yokugula kungazilimaza iziguli kunokuba kuzisize,” kusho i-Times yaseLondon. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-50 edlule, udokotela uSir Richard Asher wawungabaza lomkhuba ovamile wezokwelapha futhi wadonsela ukunakekela ezingozini ezingokwempilo njengokucinana kwemithambo yegazi, ukuwohloka kwezicubu, ukuphelelwa i-calcium emathanjeni, amaguludla ezinso, ukuqunjelwa, nokucindezeleka. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukuhlola kuye kwasiqinisekisa lesi sixwayiso, futhi ukuhlinzwa kwezidumbu kubonisa ukuthi ingozi yokucinana kwemithambo yegazi okulandelwa ukuvaleka kwayo okubulalayo kuhlobene ngokuqondile nobude besikhathi sokulala ngenxa yokugula ngaphambi kokufa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, odokotela basekela ukulala embhedeni kweziguli ezineqolo elibuhlungu kakhulu elihambisana nokuqaqamba kwezitho nezinkinga zakamuva zokukhulelwa. Ngempela, ngenxa yezinye izifo eziyingozi, ingase ingabibikho enye indlela ngaphandle kokulala. Nokho, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi lapho lenkinga isidlulile, ukuvuka uthi ukuhambahamba kukwenza ululame ngokushesha.

Amazwe Acebe Kunawo Wonke Emhlabeni

ISwitzerland iyizwe elicebe kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ngokombiko weBhange Lomhlaba. Ingqikithi yayo yomkhiqizo wezwe kumuntu ngamunye—inani lazo zonke izimpahla nezinkonzo ezikhiqizwayo—yayingu-R132 168 ngo-1993. Lokhu kwakucishe kube amaRandi angaphezu kuka-44-000 kunase-United States, engeyesi-7 ohlwini. Amazwe alandela iSwitzerland kwakuyiLuxembourg, iJapane, iDenmark, iNorway, iSweden, i-United States, i-Iceland, iJalimane, neKuwait. IMozambique iseyizwe elimpofu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, elikhiqiza u-R290 kuphela umuntu ngamunye. Okwakuphawuleka kungekho kuloluhlu lwamuva lwamazwe ayishumi ahamba phambili kwakungamazwe amaningana aseMpumalanga Ephakathi akhiqiza uwoyela, okubonisa ukwehla kwamanani entengo kawoyela. Nokho, loluhlu luyashintsha lapho ucabangela amandla okuthenga. Ngenxa yokuthi amanani entengo aphansi e-United States kunasemazweni amaningi anothile, amaMelika azuza kakhulu ngemali yawo kunanoma iliphi elinye izwe ngaphandle kweLuxembourg. Khona-ke loluhlu luyashintsha: iLuxembourg, i-United States, iSwitzerland, i-United Arab Emirates, iQatar, iHong Kong, iJapane, iJalimane, iSingapore, neCanada.