Isimo Sezwe Sezempilo—Igebe Elandayo

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EBRAZIL

LAPHO u-Ali Maow Maalin ephathwa ingxibongo eSomalia ngo-1977, wagcina esengene esibhedlela futhi waba undab’ uzekwayo. Ngemva kokwelashwa futhi eseluleme, i-WHO (World Health Organization) yamemezela ngo-1980 ukuthi ingxibongo—ngemva kokubhuqabhuqa izigidi zabantu amakhulu eminyaka—yabe isiqediwe emhlabeni. Kwathiwa u-Ali wayeyisisulu sokugcina emhlabeni.

Ngo-1992, i-WHO yabika ezinye izinzuzo zezempilo: Phakathi nawo-1980, abantu abaningi emazweni asathuthuka bakwazi ukuthola amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile nesimiso sokukhuculula indle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labantu emazweni asathuthuka lathola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo endaweni. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule, inani lezingane ezifayo lehla kwezinye izindawo.

Amaqiniso Ashaqisayo

Nokho, lezizinzuzo ziphazanyiswa ukulahlekelwa futhi zifiphazwa izinsongo ezivelayo. Cabangela lamaqiniso ambalwa ashaqisayo:

I-HIV/Ingculaza—Abantu abangaphezu kuka-17 000 000 emhlabeni wonke bane-HIV, igciwane elibangela ingculaza. Abangaba ngu-3 000-000 bangenwa yileligciwane onyakeni othile wamuva nje, abangaba ngu-8 000 ngosuku. Izingane ezingaphezu kwesigidi ziye zangenwa i-HIV. Ukubulawa kwezingane ingculaza kungase kubhuntshise ngokushesha noma iyiphi intuthuko yokusindisa izingane kulamashumi eminyaka amuva. Futhi lomqedazwe sewuyadlondlobala ezindaweni eziningi, njengase-Asia. I-Aids and Development ithi amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-80 azo zonke izisulu ze-HIV ahlala emazweni asathuthuka.

Isifo Sofuba (TB)—Nakuba iye yashaywa indiva kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, i-TB isibuye ngezinkani emhlabeni, ibulala abantu abangaba izigidi ezintathu unyaka ngamunye, okuyenza ibe umbulali ohamba phambili ezifweni ezithathelwanayo. Abangamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-98 abafa kwakungabasemazweni asathuthuka. Okwenza lesisimo sibe sibi nakakhulu, igciwane le-TB lahlangana ne-HIV, kwenza inhlanganisela ebulalayo enemiphumela eyinhlekelele. Kulindeleke ukuba ngonyaka ka-2000, abantu abayisigidi abane-HIV bayobulawa i-TB unyaka ngamunye.

Umdlavuza—Inani labaphethwe umdlavuza emazweni asathuthuka selingaphezu kwelasemazweni athuthukile.

Isifo Senhliziyo—“Sisonqenqemeni lwenhlekelele yenhliziyo embulungeni yonke,” kuxwayisa uDkt. Ivan Gyarfas we-WHO. Isifo senhliziyo asiselona ubhadane lwasemazweni anezimboni kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, eLatin America, abantu abengeziwe abaphindwe kabili kuya kwabaphindwe kathathu bayobulawa isifo senhliziyo kunababulawa izifo ezithathelwanayo. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi nezifo zohlangothi kuyoba izimbangela zokufa ezihamba phambili kuwo wonke amazwe asathuthuka.

Izifo Zasezindaweni Ezishisayo—I-WHO iyaxwayisa: “Kubonakala sengathi izifo zasemazweni ashisayo ziye zadlondlobala, njengoba ikholera isakazekela eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika . . . , imiqedazwe ye-yellow fever nodenga ihlasela abaningi, futhi isimo sikamalaleveva siyawohloka.” Umagazini i-Time uthi: “Emazweni ampofu kakhulu emhlabeni, ukulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo sekuyinhlekelele kakade.” Inani lababulawa umalaleveva kuphela selicishe libe izigidi ezimbili ngonyaka—ngemva kokuba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi wawusuqedwe ngokuphelele eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 edlule.

Izifo Zohudo—Liyashaqisa inani lezingane ezifayo emazweni asathuthuka. Kufa izingane ezingaba ngu-40 000 nsuku zonke ngenxa yokungenwa yilesisifo noma ukungondleki; kufa ingane eyodwa njalo emizuzwaneni engu-8 ngenxa yezifo zohudo kuphela.

Impilo Nobumpofu—Kuhlobene

Sisitshelani lesisimo sezempilo? “Amazwe asathuthuka ashaywe ngegalelo elimbaxa-mbili,” kusho uchwepheshe othile wezempilo. “Manje ashaywa yizo zonke izifo ezingamahlalakhona zesimanje ezivelayo kanye nezasezindaweni ezishisayo ezisekhona.” Uyini umphumela? Incwadi ethi Achieving Health for All by the Year 2000 iphawula ukuthi kuye kwavela ‘igebe elikhathazayo lokuma kwezwe.’ Ngakho, ezempilo emazweni angaba ngu-40 e-Afrika nase-Asia “azithuthuki ngendlela efanayo nezomhlaba wonke.” Igebe lezempilo likhulu—futhi liyanda.

Umagazini i-World Health uthi nakuba kunezizathu eziningi ezibangela ukwanda kwaleligebe, enye imbangela eyinhloko yempilo ebuthakathaka “ubumpofu.” (Qhathanisa nezAga 10:15.) Ngokuvamile ubumpofu bubangela ukuba abantu bangabi nezindawo ezikahle zokukhosela eziphawuleka ngokungabi nesimiso sokukhuculula indle, ukungabi namanzi ahlanzekile nanele, nokuminyana kwabantu, nezindawo zokuhlala ezicinene. Lezizici ezintathu aziphazamisi impilo kuphela kodwa empeleni zandisa izifo. Uma kunezelwa ukungondleki, okuwohloza ukuzivikela komzimba ezifweni, ungabona ukuthi ubumpofu benza lokho okwenziwa umuhlwa okhunini.

Lapho izifo ezibulalayo zihlasela izindawo zokuhlala, zikhubaza imizimba, futhi zibulala izingane, kuthinteka kakhulu abampofu. Phawula ezinye izibonelo. Ezindaweni ezimpofu zaseNingizimu Afrika, inani labaphathwa isifo sofuba liphakeme ngokuphindwe kayikhulu kunelasezindaweni ezinothile zakulelizwe. Ezindaweni ezimpofu zaseBrazil, abantu abaphindwe izikhathi eziyisithupha babulawa i-pneumonia nemfuluwenza kunabasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane. Futhi inani lezingane ezifayo emikhayeni entulayo yaseNdiya liphakeme izikhathi eziyishumi kunelasemikhayeni yakhona enothile. Leliqiniso elibuhlungu lisobala: ‘Ubumpofu buyingozi empilweni yakho!’

Akumangalisi ukuthi abahlala ezindaweni ezingamafuku abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane banomuzwa wokuphelelwa ithemba. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zobumpofu zingaphezu kwamandla abo, futhi imiphumela ebangela ukugula ibusa ukuphila kwabo. Uma uhlushwa imiphumela emibi yobumpofu, nawe ungase uzizwe uvaleleke ngokungenathemba ohlangothini oludabukisayo lwegebe lempilo. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umpofu noma cha, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uvikele impilo yakho neyezingane zakho. Yiziphi lezozinyathelo? Isihloko esilandelayo sinikeza ukusikisela okuthile.