Ibhizinisi Lezikhali—Indlela Elikuthinta Ngayo
“INKINGA ekuchitheni imali kwezokuzivikela ukulinganisa ukuthi uqhubeke kangakanani ngaphandle kokubhubhisa ngaphakathi lokho ozama ukukuvikela ngaphandle.” Lapho owayengumongameli waseU.S. uEisenhower esho kanjalo ngo-1956, izindleko zembulunga yonke kwezempi ezazikhokhwa njalo zazingaphansi kwengxenye yemali ekhokhwa manje. Lokhu kwandiswa okukhulu kwebhizinisi lezikhali kuye kwakuthinta kanjani? Umbiko wezokucwaninga, iMilitary and Social Expenditures, uzobonisa:
1. Ngokwezinga lamanje lemali echithwa umhlaba wonke ezikhalini, umuntu ovamile angalindela ukudela iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine yokuphila kwakhe esebenza ukuze azikhokhele.
2. Ukuthengwa kwezikhali ezibizayo kuye kwanqwabelana kwenza umbhoshongo omude wesikweleti somphakathi sezizukulwane ezizayo.
3. Ukunganakwa kwezidingo zomphakathi ngenxa yokuphishekelwa kwamandla ezempi kuye kwashiya umuntu oyedwa kwaba-5 edla imbuya ngothi. Umphakathi wembulunga yonke ohlushwa ukungafundi, impilo engeyinhle, nendlala enkulu uyanda kancane kancane.
4. Ukugcizelelwa kwezempi olwazini olunzulu kukhiqiza imisebenzi embalwa ngokuqhathaniswa kunaleyo ebingavezwa ngokusebenzisa imali elinganayo emfundweni, kwezempilo, ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, nakwezinye izidingo zomphakathi. Ukuswelakala kwemisebenzi kuyakhula.
5. Kunesosha elilodwa kubantu abangama-43 emhlabeni kodwa udokotela oyedwa kuphela kubantu abayi-1 030.
6. Iminyaka yokweqisa kwezempi iye yadala indawo engahlelekile neyingozi ngokwengeziwe ekuphileni kwabantu kunanganoma isiphi isikhathi emlandweni.
7. Izikhali zokubhubhisa uquqaba lwabantu, uma zicushwe ngokucophelela, zithumba sonke isintu.
“Ukweba” Okukhulu
Abantu abampofu bomhlaba ibona abathintwa kakhulu ibhizinisi lezikhali—emazweni acebe kakhulu kanye nasemazweni ampofu kakhulu. UDwight D. Eisenhower ukubeka ngalendlela: “Zonke izibhamu ezakhiwayo, yonke imikhumbi yezempi ecushwayo, onke amarokhethi adutshulwayo kubonisa ngomqondo ophelele ukwebela abalambayo nabangondliwa, labo abagodolayo nabangembeswa. Izwe elizihlomisa ngezikhali alichithi imali yodwa. Lichitha nemijuluko yezisebenzi zalo, ubuhlakani bososayensi balo, izindlu zabantwana balo.” Kusho ukuthini lokhu “kweba” ezisulwini?
Kubaphuca imfundo:
▪ Izindleko zomkhumbi-ngwenya wenuzi owodwa omusha zilingana nemali esetshenziselwa imfundo yaminyaka yonke yamazwe asathuthuka angama-23 anabantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-160 abahamba isikole.
▪ Imali esetshenziselwa umButho Olwa Ngezindiza waseU.S. inkulu kunengqikithi yemali esetshenziselwa imfundo yabantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane eAfrika, eLatin America, naseAsia, ngaphandle kwaseJapane.
Kubaphuca imali:
▪ Eminyakeni yamuva amaZwe Asathuthuka aye athatha amaphesenti angama-75 ezikhali zezwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe—ukusetshenziswa budedengu kwempahla evela kwamanye amazwe kuye kwashiya abaningi besindwa izikweleti ezingenakukhokhwa zakwamanye amazwe.
▪ Ngo-1988 isikweleti esihlangene sangaphandle samaZwe Asathuthuka sase sifinyelele isamba esingamaRandi ayizigidi zesigidi ezingu-3, 25 (R3 250 000 000 000).
▪ Imali yomhlaba wonke esetshenziselwa unyaka ngamunye ilingana nomholo wabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2 500 emazweni ampofu kakhulu angama-44.
Kubaphuca ukudla namanzi:
▪ Kubiza amaRandi ayisi-1 475 000 ngosuku ukuba kusebenze umkhumbi omkhulu wezempi osasikhumulo sezindiza, kuyilapho nsuku zonke eAfrika iyodwa, abantwana abayi-14 000 bebulawa indlala noma ezinye izimbangela ezihlangene nendlala.
Kubaphuca impilo nokuphila:
▪ Ngayo yonke imizuzu isilinganiso sabantwana abangama-30 babulawa izifo ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Lezi bezingavinjelwa ngokugoma, ngokunakekela inhlanzeko, nangokondliwa okufanelekile ukuba izidingo zomphakathi nezempilo bezibekwa ngaphambili kunamandla ezempi.
▪ Isimiso sokugoma ebesingavikela abantwana abayizigidi ezingama-750 ezifweni ezithathelwanayo silinganiselwa ekutheni sibiza izindleko zezinsuku ezimbili kuphela zezikhali zomhlaba.
▪ Emazweni ampofu ngokwengeziwe, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila sifushane ngeminyaka engama-30 kunasemazweni acebe ngokwengeziwe, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokunganakwa kwezidingo zempilo kuphishekelwa izikhali ezengeziwe.
Ngempela, abathengisi bezikhali banecala elinzima ngezimo ezimbi zomhlaba. Bazizwa kanjani ngalezizimo? “Asinazo izinkinga zokuhlushwa unembeza, sinikelela intuthuko yethu siqu,” kusho isekela likangqongqoshe wezangaphandle wezwe elingungqá phambili ekukhiqizweni kwezikhali. Kodwa umuntu ovamile angase abuze, ‘Kunganqandwa?’ Sizocabangela lowombuzo ezihlokweni ezimbili ezilandelayo.