Impilo Ngabo Bonke—Isidingo Esiyisisekelo
INDLELA yanamuhla yokwelapha iye yathuthukiswa ngokuvelele. Izimbangela zemishayabhuqe emikhulu yesikhathi esidlule aziseyona imfihlo. Intuthuko emangalisayo iye yaholela ezimangalisweni zezokwelapha zanamuhla.
Nakuba kunjalo, izinkinga zezempilo zisalokhu zikhungathekisa. Ngesikhathi soMhlangano Wezizwe Zonke WePrimary Health Care ka-1978, amaphesenti angama-80 abantu abahlala emadolobheni nasemaphandleni ayesalokhu engenazo izindlela zokuthola noma imaphi amalungiselelo ezempilo, futhi izingane ezingama-30 kwezingama-31 ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ezaziyokufa ngalowonyaka zazihlala emazweni ampofu. Emazweni “athuthukile,” ukonakala kwesimo sendawo, ukungcola, nemfucumfucu eyingozi kusalokhu kusongela ukuphila ngokuqhubekayo.
Ihhovisi lesifunda leWHO laseYurophu liye labona kusengaphambili ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2000 ngeke ibe khona impilo kodwa ngokunokwenzeka ngalesosikhathi kuyoba nenhlekelele. Ngo-1983 yasekela ngokwezimali incwadi ethi, iHealth Crisis 2000, kaPeter O’Neill, ekhuluma “ngesenzakalo esishaqisayo” sokuthi “izifo ezintsha” eziningi ziye zaqubuka emhlabeni onempucuko. Yiziphi? Umdlavuza obangelwa isimo sendawo, isifo senhliziyo, ukuluthwa imilaliso, isifo sengqondo, izifo ezidluliselwa ngobulili, “inkanuko yokuzibhubhisa yomuntu obhemayo nophuzayo,” kanye ” ‘nomqedazwe wezingozi zasemgwaqweni’, okuthumba ukuphila futhi kumunce umnotho ongokwezimali.” ‘Lezizifo zemiphakathi ecebile’ zisakazeka nasemazweni ampofu.
Izinkinga Zanamuhla
Ake sicabangele ezinye zezinkinga zanamuhla:
UMDLAVUZA uyimbangela engeyesibili eholayo yokufa eunited States. Ugadla kumuntu oyedwa kwabane baseMelika. Emhlabeni wonke, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-40 kungenzeka baphethwe yilesifo. Izinto ezingabangela umdlavuza ziyanda.
UKUNGCOLA. Imikhiqizo eyingozi kanye nemfucumfucu eyingozi yonakalisa isimo sendawo. Imithi yokubulala izilokazane itholakala ekudleni. Imifula nezilwandle kuye kwangeniswa. Kwezinye izindawo ngisho namanzi ambiwa phansi emithonjeni aye angcoliswa.
UKULUTHWA IMILALISO. Incwadi iHealth Crisis 2000 ibiza ukuluthwa imilaliso ngokuthi “ukukhukhulekela ethuneni.” Ithi “inqubo yokuwohloka kwengqondo nomzimba osemncane . . . kuyesabeka kakhulu, futhi inqubo yokululamisa ithatha isikhathi eside futhi inzima ngeziguli nangalabo abasizayo, kangangokuba ifuna ukucwaninga okukhethekile.”
IZIFO EZIDLULISELWA NGOBULILI. Njengoba ukuziphatha kuwohloka, ukusakazeka kwezifo ezithathelwana ngobulili kuye kwafinyelela izinga lapho kubizwa ngokuthi isibhicongo—umqedazwe osakazekile. Umagazini iWorld Health uthi “ukusakazeka kwezifo emphakathini namuhla kuyinto evame kangangokuba noma yimuphi umuntu ohlangana nanoma ubani ngobulili [umuntu onabangane abaningi] usengozini yokungenwa yilesifo.”
UKUSEBENZISA KABI UPHUZO OLUDAKAYO. Ezindaweni eziningi abesifazane, intsha, ngisho nezingane ezincane yibona abasebenzisa uphuzo oludakayo kakhulu. Uphuzo oludakayo kuthiwa luyimbangela yazo zonke izingozi zasemgwaqweni ezingamaphesenti angama-40. Ngisho nomuntu ophuza ngokulinganisela angawubulala umkhaya lapho ezama ukubonakalisa ikhono lakhe eshayela.
IZINTO ZOKUHAMBA ZANAMUHLA. Ukuhamba kalula kwanamuhla kuye kwenza ukusakazeka kwemiqedazwe ezweni lonke kusheshe. IAIDS nesipatsholo esikwaziyo ukumelana nepenicillin ziye zasakazwa kuwo wonke umhlaba abantu abavakashela kwamanye amazwe, futhi kuthiwa lezizifo ziye “zasakazeka kalula emphakathini othanda ukuthutha walelikhulu lamashumi amabili.”
INANI LABANTU. Ukuqhuma kwenani labantu nokuthuthela kwabantu basemaphandleni emadolobheni asechichima kakade kwenza izinkinga zempilo zomhlaba zibe ngezingathi sina ngokwengeziwe. Ngo-1983, amadolobha angama-26 okungenani ayenenani labantu abayizigidi ezinhlanu. Ngonyaka ka-2000 kungase kube namadolobha anjalo angama-60. Umagazini iWorld Health uthi ngalesosikhathi kungase kube nabantu abangaphezu kwabayizinkulungwane eziyisigidi “abahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni eziyobe zinobumpofu ngokweqile.” URobert McNamara, owayengumongameli weBhange LoMhlaba, uyaxwayisa: “Uma amadolobha engaqali ukubhekana nobumpofu ngendlela ethuthukisa ngokwengeziwe, ubumpofu bungase buqale ukonakalisa amadolobha ngokwengeziwe.”
Khonake, naphezu kwemizamo yabantu abaningi abazikhandlayo nabazinikezele, umgomo ‘wempilo ngabo bonke’ ubonakala ungafinyeleleki. Empeleni, lawomazwi akumelwe athathwe njengoba enjalo. Kwakungaqondiwe ukuba asho ukuthi wonke umuntu wayeyoba nempilo enhle kodwa ukuthi okungenani ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwempilo kwakuyotholakala kubo bonke. Incwajana iWHO ithi, umgomo, uwukuba “izakhi zempilo zisakazwe ngendlela elinganayo . . . ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwempilo okudingekayo kutholakale kuwo wonke umuntu . . . nokuthi abantu bayosebenzisa izindlela ezingcono kunalezo abazisebenzisayo manje” ekuvimbeleni nasekunciphiseni izifo nokugogeka.
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 4]
P. Almasy/WHO