Gadziriro Dzomunhu Dzechengeteko Yamarudzi Ose

“Apo yose iyoyi inopera, tinoda kuva varapi. Tinoda kuita chatinogona kukurumidzisa chandingadana nenzira ine tariro nhevedzo yenyika itsva.”—U.S. purezidhendi George Bush, January 1991, nokukurumidza pashure pamavambo ehondo neIraq.

“Murangariro wapurezidhendi Bush weNhevedzo yeNyika Itsva unosimbisa ukoshi hwokutonga kwomutemo nechitendero chokuti marudzi ane mutoro wao ose nokuda kworusununguko neruramisiro. Nokuguma kwoUtsinye Hukuru pakati pamarudzi, nhambo itsva iri kubuda.”—Nhume yeU.S. kuAustralia, August 1991.

“Usiku huno, sezvo ndinoona chinoitika chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu chichipetenuka kupota nyika yose, zvichida—zvichida tava pedyo zvikuru nenyika itsva iyoyo kupfuura nakare kose.”—Purezidhendi George Bush, September 1991.

VATUNGAMIRIRI venyika vakawanda vari, kufanana naPurezidhendi Bush, kutaura nenzira ine tariro pamusoro penguva yemberi. Ko tariro yavo inorururamiswa here? Ko zvinoitika chifo cheHondo yeNyika II zvinopa hwaro hwetariro yakadaro here? Ko iwe unofunga kuti vezvamatongerwe enyika vanokwanisa kuunza chengeteko yamarudzi ose here?

Gadziriro Huru Yomunhu

“Mukati mamakore maviri apfuura ehondo yenyika yechipiri,” yakatsanangura kudaro Goodbye War yeterevhizheni ine zviono, “vanhu vanopfuura mirioni imwe vakanga vachiurawa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe.” Panguva yacho, marudzi akanzwa kudikanwa kwokukurumidzira kwegadziriro yaizodzivisa hondo yakadaro kuitika zvakare. Apo hondo yakanga ichiri kufambira mberi, vamiriri vamarudzi 50 vakaita gadziriro hurusa yechengeteko yamarudzi ose yati yarongwa nomunhu: Chata yeChibatanwa chaMarudzi. Sumo yeChata yacho yakataura kutsunga “kuponesa zvizvarwa zvinotevera munhamo yehondo.” Mitezo inokarirwa yeChibatanwa chaMarudzi yaifanira “kubatanidza simba [rayo] kuti ichengete rugare nechengeteko zvamarudzi ose.”

Mazuva ana makumi mana nerimwe gare gare, ndege yakadonhedza bhomba reatomu paHiroshima, Japan. Iro rakaputikira pamusoro papakati peguta, richiuraya vanhu vanopfuura 70 000. Kuputika ikoko, uye uko kwakatevera mazuva matatu gare gare paNagasaki, kwakagumisa nenzira inobudirira hondo neJapan. Sezvo mukutsirani weJapan Germany akanga atera pana May 7, 1945, Hondo yeNyika II nokudaro yakasvika kumugumo. Zvisinei, iwoyo wakanga uri mugumo wehondo yose here?

Aiwa. Chifo cheHondo yeNyika II, rudzi rwomunhu rwakaona hondo duku zvikuru dzinopfuura 150 idzo dzakaparadza upenyu hunopfuura mamirioni 19. Nenzira yakajeka, gadziriro huru yeCM ichigere kuunza chengeteko yamarudzi ose. Chii chakaipa?

Utsinye Hukuru Pakati Pamarudzi

Varongi vegadziriro veCM vakakundikana kukarira makwikwi ayo akakurumidza kuvapo pakati pavaichimbova vakutsirani veHondo yeNyika II. Nyika dzakawanda dzakatsigira muuku kurwira simba, uko kwakasvika pakunzi Utsinye Hukuru pakati pamarudzi uye kwakanga kuri, murutivi, kurwa pakati peChikomonizimu negadziriro umo varidzi vanodzora pfuma yavo. Panzvimbo pokubatanidza simba rawo kuti amise hondo, mapoka maviri amarudzi akatsigira mativi anopikisana murwisano dzomunharaunda uye neiyi nzira akarwisana muAsia, Africa, uye maAmerica.

Mukupera kwama 1960, Utsinye Hukuru pakati pamarudzi hwakavamba kuderera. Kuderera kwacho kwakasvika mugumo muna 1975 apo Nyika 35 dzakasaina chinonzi Chibvumirano cheHelsinki. Vakabatanidzwa pakati pavatori rutivi vakanga vari Soviet Union neUnited States, pamwe chete navakutsirani vavo vakatsaukana veEurope. Vose vakavimbisa kushanda nokuda kwo“rugare nechengeteko” uye “kurega . . . kutyisidzira kana kuti kushandiswa kwesimba mukurwisana nechinzwano cheNyika kana kuti kuzvimirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwenyika ipi neipi, kana kuti mumumwe mutoo upi noupi usingabvumirani namadonzo eChibatanwa chaMarudzi.”

Asi idzi pfungwa hadzina kubudirira. Pakasvika kuvamba kwama 1980, kurwisana pakati pamasimba makuru kwakakomba zvakare. Zvinhu zvakashata kwazvo zvokuti muna 1982 munyori mukuru wavo akanga achangobva kusarudzwa weChibatanwa chaMarudzi, Dr. Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, akabvuma kundikano yesangano rake ndokunyevera nezve“nyongano itsva yamarudzi ose.”

Bva, nhasi, munyori mukuru weCM navamwe vatungamiriri vanoratidzira tariro. Mishumo yenhau inonongedzera ku“nhambo yapashure poUtsinye Hukuru pakati pamarudzi.” Iyi chinjo yakaitika seiko?

“Nhambo Yapashure poUtsinye Hukuru Pakati Pamarudzi”

Chinhu chinokosha wakanga uri musangano woMusangano wamarudzi 35 pamusoro peChengeteko neBatira Pamwe muEurope. Muna September 1986 ivo vakasaina runonzi Rugwaro rweStockholm, vachisimbisazve musengwa wavo kuChibvumirano cheHelsinki cha 1975.a Rugwaro rweStockholm rune mitemo yakawanda yokudzora kutarisirwa kwemibato yehondo. “Miuyo yamakore matatu apfuura inokurudzira uye mwero wokuita uri kuvamba kupfuura misengwa yakanyorwa yoRugwaro rweStockholm,” yakashuma kudaro SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) muYearbook 1990 yayo.

Ipapo, muna 1987, masimba makuru akasvika chibvumirano chinoshamisa chinoda kuparadzwa kwezvombo zvawo zvose zvinokandwa zvichibva pasi zvinosvika pakati pamakiromita 500 ne 5 500. “Kuparadza chaikoiko kwezvombo zvinokandwa nezvinokanda kuri sezvarongwa uye migariro yezvibvumirano iri kuchengetwa zvakafanira norutivi rumwe norumwe,” inodaro SIPRI.

Mamwe matanho akaitwa okuderedza ngozi yehondo yenyukireya. Somuenzaniso, muna 1988 masimba makuru akasaina chibvumirano pamusoro pe“zvombo zvinokandwa zvenyika dzose nezvombo zvinokandwa zvichibva pasi pegungwa.” Pamberi pokukanda zvombo zvakadaro, rutivi rumwe norumwe runofanira kuzivisa rumwe “maawa asiri pasi pamakumi maviri namana pachine nguva mberi, nezvomusi wakarongwa nharaunda yokukandira, uye nharaunda yesimba.” Mukuwirirana neSIPRI, zvibvumirano zvakadaro “zvinodokubvisa kubvira kwezvinoitika zvomunzvimbomo zvinokura kuva hondo yenyukireya yenyika yose.”

Munguvayo, gadziriro dzokuvandudza chengeteko yamarudzi ose dzakakurumidza. Muna May 1990, mukati momusangano wamasimba makuru muWashington, D.C., purezidhendi wapanguva iyoyo weSoviet Mikhail Gorbachev akakarakadza kuti mapoka maviri amarudzi eEurope asaine chitenderano chorugare. Muna July marudzi 16 okuMadokero eNATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) akasangana muLondon. Mhinduro yawo kuchikarakadzo chaMikhail Gorbachev yaiva yokuti mativi ose ari maviri asaine “ziviso yawo ose umo tinotaura zvakakomba kuti hatisati tichasiri vavengi ndokusimbisa donzo redu rokurega tyisidziro kana kuti kushandiswa kwesimba.” Musoro mukuru wapamberi pepeji werimwe pepanhau reAfrica wakarondedzera ikoku se“Nhano Huru kuRugare rweNyika.”

Ipapo, pamberi chaipo pomusangano wamasimba makuru muHelsinki, Finland, mutauriri wehurumende yeU.S. akataura kuti “kariro yehondo [muMiddle East] iri kuparira gadziriro yeboka idzva yorugare rwenyika.” Rugare rwakanga rwagamuchira dziviso apo Iraq yakavhozhokera Kuwait uye Middle East yakaratidzika kuva yaiva mungozi yokuparara. Asi pasi pechiremera cheChibatanwa chaMarudzi, uto ramarudzi ose rakatungamirirwa neUnited States rakadzorera mauto anovhozhokera munyika yawo amene. Chinzwano chamarudzi ose chedonzo chakaratidzirwa muhondo iyoyo chakakurudzira vamwe kukarira kuti nhambo itsva yebatira pamwe yakanga yavamba.

Chifo chenguva iyeyo, zvinoitika zvenyika zvakakurazve. Zvikurukuru, mugariro umene weyaichimbova Soviet Union wakachinja zvikuru. MaBaltic State akabvumirwa kuzivisa kuzvimirira kwawo, uye mamwe marepublic muSoviet Union akatevera muenzaniso wacho. Rwisano dzamasimba masimba dzamadzinza dzakaoneka munyika dzakanga dzichiratidzika kuva dzakabatana pasi poudzori hwapakati hwechiKomonisiti. Pakasvika mugumo wa 1991, Soviet Union yakanga yaguma pamutemo kuvapo.

Idzi chinjo huru pachiono chezvamatongerwe enyika dzakazarura suo rebanza nokuda kwesangano reChibatanwa chaMarudzi. Muna ikoku The New York Times, yakati: “Kusununguka kwenyanduko yenyika yose nomudzimu mutsva webatira pamwe pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union kungagona kureva rutivi rutsva, rune simba zvikuru muzvinhu zvamarudzi ose nokuda kwesangano renyika.”

Pakupedzisira yava here nguva yokuti sangano iroro ragara makore 47 riratidze zvarinogona kuita? Tiri kupinda chaizvoizvo here umo United States yakadana kuti “zana ramakore idzva, uye chiuru chitsva chamakore, chorugare, rusununguko uye budiriro”?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]