Kuzviuraya—Dambudziko Rakapararira Revaduku

SEKUNGE kuti hondo, kuponda, uye utsinye hazvina kukwana kuparadza pwere dzedu, zvino kuzviparadza kuri muchimiro chekuzviuraya kwepwere. Kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemirimo nezvinodhakisa kunoparadza ndangariro nemiviri yepwere, zvichiparira kufa kwepwere dzakawanda. Mashoko ava kuwanzoshandiswa paguva ndeokuti munhu wacho akanyanyisa—akafa nekuwanza murimo, noune kana kuti zvakaitika netsaona.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report yaApril 28, 1995, yakataura kuti “kuzviuraya kuri panhamba yechitatu kuzvinonyanya kuparira rufu kupwere dzine makore 15-19 muUnited States.” Dr. J. J. Mann anonyora muThe Decade of the Brain kuti: “Vanhu veAmerica vanopfuura 30 000 [muna 1995 nhamba yacho yaiva 31 284] vanozviuraya gore roga roga. Nenzira inosiririsa, vanowanzova pwere . . . Vanhu vanopfuura 30 000 ivavo kakapetwa kagumi vanoedza kuzviuraya, asi vanopukunyuka. . . . Kuziva varwere vangangozviuraya ndicho chinhu chikuru chinonetsa vezvokurapa nokuti varapi havagoni kusiyanisa varwere vakaora mwoyo zvakakomba vachaedza kuzviuraya nevasingazodaro.”

Simon Sobo, chiremba wepfungwa mukuru wapaNew Milford Hospital, Connecticut, U.S.A., akataura kuti: “Kwanga kune kuedza kuzviuraya kwakawanda zvikuru munakamwe uno [1995] kupfuura zvandati ndamboona mumakore 13 kubva pandakauya pano.” MuUnited States, zviuru zvevechiduku zvinoedza kuzviuraya gore rimwe nerimwe. Kuedza kuzviuraya kwose kuchemera kubatsirwa nokupiwa ngwariro. Ndiani achava akagadzirira kubatsira kusati kwava kunyanyononoka?

Chinetso Chenyika Yose

Mamiriro acho ezvinhu haana kunyanyosiyana neekune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika. MuIndia, maererano neIndia Today, pwere dzine 30 000 dzakazviuraya muna 1990. MuCanada, Finland, France, Israel, Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland, neThailand, kuzviuraya kwevaduku kwawedzera nokukurumidza. Mushumo wa1996 unobva kuUnited Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) unotaura kuti kuzviuraya kwepwere kwakanyanya kuri muFinland, Latvia, Lithuania, New Zealand, Russia, neSlovenia.

Australiawo ndeimwe iri pakati penyika dzine nhamba yepwere dzinozviuraya iri pamusorosoro. Munyika iyoyi muna 1995, 25 muzana yekufa kwose kwevarume vaduku ne17 muzana kwevakadzi vaduku kwaiva kuzviuraya, maererano nemushumo waiva mupepanhau reThe Canberra Times. Kuzviuraya “kunobudirira” pakati pevakomana vomuAustralia kunopeta kanenge kashanu kwevasikana. Uwandu hwakafanana hunowanika munyika zhinji.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti vakomana vanoedza kuzviuraya zvakanyanya kupfuura vasikana here? Hazvirevi hazvo kudaro. Nhamba dziripo dzinoratidza musiyano muduku wokuedza kuzviuraya pakati pevakomana nevasikana. Zvisinei, “munyika dzakasimukira vakomana vanozviuraya vanopeta kana vasikana maererano nenhamba dzichangowanika kuWHO [World Health Organization].”—The Progress of Nations, rakabudiswa neUNICEF.

Asi kunyange nhamba idzodzo dzinotyisa dzingasataura makurire chaiwo akaita chinetso chacho. Nhamba dzekuzviuraya kwepwere, dzinoratidza marwarire uye dzakakamuraniswa maererano nezvadzinoreva, nenzira inoshamisa dziri nyore kunzwisisa. Zvisinei, zvisingawanzonzwisiswa kana kuonekwa munhamba idzodzo dzisingatauri imhuri dzakaparadzwa nemarwadzo emwoyo, kusafara, marwadzo, uye kutambura kwevanosara sezvavanotsvaka kuziva zvikonzero.

Naizvozvo, nhamo dzakadai sekuzviuraya kwepwere dzinogona kudzivirirwa here? Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvakawanika zvinogona kubatsira kudzivisa zvinhu izvi zvinosuruvarisa.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 5]

Zvinosunda Kuzviuraya

Pane zvinotaurwa zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinosunda munhu kuzviuraya. “Kuzviuraya kunoitika apo munhu anoziva kuti ane chinetso chaasingagoni kugadzirisa, chakadai sokurambwa nevamwe, kufa kwomunhu anodiwa (kunyanya murume kana mukadzi), kurambana kwevabereki munhu achiri muduku, kurwara kwakakomba, kuchembera, kushaya basa, zvinetso zvemari, nekushandisa murimo zvisina kufanira.”—The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine.

Maererano naEmile Durkheim anofunda magariro evanhu, pane marudzi okuzviuraya makuru mana:

1. Kuzviurayira kunyanyozvifunga—Uku “kunofungidzirwa kuti kunosakiswa nekusazvibatanidza nevamwe kwemunhu. Vanyanyosiyiwa vari voga, vanozviuraya nemhaka yokunyanyozvifunga havana kubatanidzwa, kunyange kutsamira pane vamwe vanhu.” Vanowanzosurikirwa.

2. Kuzviurayira vamwe—“Munhu wacho anonyanyisa kubatana neboka racho zvokuti hapana chinhu chine ngozi chaasingagoni kuita.” Mienzaniso inopiwa ndeyevatyairi vendege vekamikaze vokuJapan muHondo Yenyika II uye vanhu vorudzidziso vanonyanyisa vanozvidhuura pavanenge vachiuraya vavanoti vavengi vavo. Mimwe mienzaniso ingava yeavo vakafa nokuzviuraya kuti vakwevere ngwariro kune zvavairwira.

3. Kuzviurayira kushaya chinangwa choupenyu—“Munhu anozviuraya nemhaka yokushaya chinangwa muupenyu haakwanisi kubata nechinetso nenzira ine mufungo uye anosarudza kuzviuraya semhinduro yechinetso chacho. [Izvi] zvinoitika apo mararamire aanowanzoita munzanga anoerekana achinja uye nenzira inovhundutsa.”

4. Kuzviurayira zvinhu zvisingachinjiki—Uku “kunofungidzirwa kuti kunoparirwa nemitemo yakanyanyisa yenzanga inoganhurira rusununguko rwomunhu zvakapfuuridza mwero.” Vanhu vakadaro “vanofunga kuti havana ramangwana rakanaka.”—Adolescent Suicide: Assessment and Intervention, raAlan L. Berman naDavid A. Jobes.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]

Mimwe miitiro inokuvadza inogona kuparira kuzviuraya kwepwere