Kuzviuraya—Dambudziko Revakawanda Risiri Pachena

JOHN NAMARYa vava namakore anoda kusvika kuma60 uye vanogara kumaruwa okuUnited States mukamba kaduku. John ava kufa zvishoma nezvishoma nemhaka yeemphysema [kusashanda zvakanaka kwemapapu] nokusapomba ropa zvakanaka kwomwoyo. Mary haagoni kufungidzira kuti upenyu pasina John huchava hwakaita sei, uye anorwadziwa zvikuru achimuona achipera simba zvishoma nezvishoma, achitamburira kufema nguva imwe neimwe. Mary ane zvinetso zvoutano zvakewo uye atambura kwamakore nokuora mwoyo. John akavhundutswa mazuva mashoma apfuura nokuti Mary ave achitaura nezvokuda kuzviuraya. Kufunga kwake kwava kunyanya kuvhiringika nemhaka yokuora mwoyo uye mishonga yaari kunwa. Anoti zvakamuomera kufunga kuti achasara oga.

Mumba makazara mishonga—mapiritsi omwoyo, anodzora kuora mwoyo, uye anonyaradza kurwadziwa. Mumambakwedza mamwe mangwanani, Mary anoenda kukamuri rokubikira uye anovamba kunwa mapiritsi. Anoramba achinwa kusvika John auya kuzomutorera mapiritsi acho. Anodana vanachiremba sezvo Mary anofenda. Anonamata kuti dai akasafa.

Zvinoratidzwa Nenhamba

Zvakawanda zvakanyorwa mumakore achangobva kupfuura nezvenhamba dziri kuwedzera dzavanhu vaduku vari kuzviuraya—uye zvakanga zvakakodzera, nokuti ndeipi imwe nhamo yakafanana nokufa kusingatarisirwi kwowechiduku, achiri kunzwa uye ane ramangwana rakajeka? Asi, chisinganyanyi kutaurwa mumapepanhau ichokwadi chokuti kuzviuraya munyika dzakawanda kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana nezera. Izvi ndezvechokwadi pasinei nokuti kuzviuraya kwose munyika yakati kungava kwakawanda kana kuti kuri kushoma, sezvinoratidzwa nebhokisi riri papeji yatangira ino. Kutarira nhamba idzodzo kunoratidzawo zvakaita dambudziko iri revakawanda risiri pachena riri munyika yose.

Muna 1996 U.S. Centers for Disease Control yakashuma kuti nhamba yokuzviuraya pavanhu vokuAmerica vane makore 65 zvichikwira yakanga yawedzera zvikuru ne36 muzana kubvira muna 1980. Kumwe kwokuwedzera uku kwakakonzerwa nenhamba huru yevachembera vokuAmerica—asi kwete yose. Muna 1996 nhamba chaiyo yokuzviuraya pane vane makore 65 zvichikwira yakawedzerawo, ne9 muzana, kokutanga mumakore 40. Panzufu dzakakonzerwa nokukuvara, kudonha, uye tsaona dzemotokari ndizvo chete zvakauraya vachembera vokuAmerica vakawanda. Chaizvoizvo, kunyange nhamba dzinotyisa idzi dzingangova dziri duku zvikuru. “Kuzviuraya kunofungidzirwa kuti hakunyorwi sezvakuri opanhamba dzinotorwa pamapepa anoratidza chakakonzera kufa kwomunhu,” rinodaro A Handbook for the Study of Suicide. Bhuku racho rinowedzera kuti vamwe vanofungidzira kuti nhamba chaidzo dzinopeta nekaviri nhamba dzinotaurwa.

Mugumisiro wacho ndoupi? United States, kufanana nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda, ine dambudziko revakawanda risiri pachena riri munyika dzose ravanhu vakura vanozviuraya. Dr. Herbert Hendin, mazvikokota panyaya iyi, anoti: “Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti kuzviuraya muUnited States kunowedzera nguva dzose uye zvakanyanya nemhaka yezera, vazhinji havana basa nokuzviuraya kwavanhu vachembera.” Nei zvakadaro? Anofunga kuti chimwe chinokonzera dambudziko racho ndechokuti sezvo kuzviuraya kwavanhu vakura kwave kwakawanda nguva dzose, “hazvina hazvo kuvhundutsa kwazvo pakanyanya kuwedzera kuzviuraya kwavechiduku.”

Zvinonyatsobudirira

Kunyange zvazvo nhamba idzi dzichivhundutsa, hadzibatanidzi manzwiro anoita munhu. Hadzigoni kutaura nezvokusurukirwa muupenyu kana warasikirwa newawaiva wakaroorana naye anodiwa, kuvhiringidza kwokushaya anotarisira, kupera mwoyo nemhaka yechirwere chiripo, kupererwa nezano kunokonzerwa nokuora mwoyo, kugumirwa kwaunoita kana wawanikwa uine chirwere chinouraya. Chokwadi chinorwadza ndechokuti nepo vanhu vaduku vangaedza kuzviuraya sechiito chokupedza dambudziko renguva duku nokukurumidza, vanhu vachembera kazhinji vane matambudziko anoita sokuti acharamba aripo sokuti asingagadzirisiki. Somugumisiro, kazhinji vanowanzoda kuzviuraya kukunda vaduku uye vanozviita zvinonyatsobudirira.

“Kuzviuraya hakuna kunyanya kukurumbira pakati pavanhu vachembera chete asi kuti kuzviuraya pachakwo kunoratidza misiyano inokosha iri pakati pavakuru navaduku,” anodaro Dr. Hendin, mubhuku rake rinonzi Suicide in America. “Kunyanya, nhamba yokuedza kuzviuraya chaiko inochinja zvikuru pavanhu vachembera. Pavanhu vari munyika vose, nhamba yokuzviuraya chaiko ichienzaniswa nokuedza kuzviuraya yakafungidzirwa kuva 1 pavanhu 10; pavaduku (15-24), yakafungidzirwa kuva 1 pavanhu 100; uye pavanhu vapfuura makore 55, yakafungidzirwa kuva 1 pamunhu 1.”

Inhamba dzakakura zvakadini! Zvinoodza mwoyo sei kuchembera, kushaya simba, uye kutambura kurwadziwa nokurwara! Hazvishamisi kuti vakawanda vanozviuraya. Asi, pane chikonzero chakasimba chokukoshesa upenyu—kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Funga zvakaitika kuna Mary, ataurwa munhanganyaya.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Chati iri papeji 13]

Kuzviuraya Pavanhu 100000 Voga Voga, Nezera uye Kuti Vanhui

Makore 15 kusvika 24 Makore 75 Zvichikwira

Varume/Vakadzi Nyika Varume/Vakadzi

8.0/2.5 Argentina 55.4/8.3

4.0/0.8 Greece 17.4/1.6

19.2/3.8 Hungary 168.9/60.0

10.1/4.4 Japan 51.8/37.0

7.6/2.0 Mexico 18.8/1.0

53.7/9.8 Russia 93.9/34.8

23.4/3.7 United States 50.7/5.6