Chikonzero Nei Vamwe Vana Vakaoma Zvikuru

“Pesvedzero dzemavara okugara nhaka, kemisitiri youropi, uye kukudziridzika kwamaneuron zvinoita rutivi rwakasimba kuuyo watiri savana nezvatinova savakuru.”—STANLEY TURECKI, M.D.

MWANA mumwe nomumwe anokura munzira yake amene yakasiyana, isina kufanana. Vana vanoratidzira mavara nezvimiro zvizhinji izvo zvinoratidzika kuva zvokuberekwa nazvo—mavara ayo vabereki vangava noudzori huduku kana kuti vangasava nahwo pavari. Ndokwechokwadi kuti vana vasingadzoreki, vasina kudzikama, uye vanodzongonyedza vanguve varipo. Vabereki vakanakisisa vanogona kuva nomwana akaoma kurera.

Asi neiko vana vakati vakaoma zvikuru kwazvo uye vachidenha kurera? Nhamba yavana vari kuva nezvinetso zvomufambiro zvakakomba iri kuwedzera. Pane kubvumiranawo zvako pakati penyanzvi dzemishonga navanzveri kuti kubva pavashanu kusvika kugumi muzana yavana vose inoratidzira kusadzikama kwakanyanyisa uye kuti kusakwanisa kwaava vana kusanoteerera, kupa ngwariro, kutevera mitemo, uye kudzora simba rinosunda kunoita zvinetso zvizhinji nokuda kwavo nemhuri dzavo, vadzidzisi vavo, uye vaenzani vavo.

Dr. Bennett Shaywitz, mudzidzisi wezvemishonga yavana nowezvouropi paYale University Medical School, anoona chingava chinetso chikuru: “dzongonyedzo dzinogarwa nhaka mumakemikoro akati mugadziriro dzetsinga dzokunzwa dzinofambisa mashoko dzouropi,” iyo inodzora kushanda kwamasero ouropi ndokupfavisa madzorere anoita uropi mufambiro. Chipi kana chipi chinoita kuti mwana ave akaoma kurera, chinhu chokutanga chavabereki chinofanira kuva chokuva nyanzvi pakudzora nomutoo unobudirira mufambiro womuduku wavo, vachigovera kurudziro netsigiro panzvimbo pokutsoropodza nokusatendera.

Munguva dzeBhaibheri, vabereki ndivo vakanga vane mutoro wedzidzo nerovedzo zvavana vavo. Vaiziva kuti chirango nomurayiridzo mumirau yaMwari zvaizoita kuti vana vavo vave vakachenjera. (Dheuteronomio 6:6, 7; 2 Timotio 3:15) Naizvozvo, mutoro wavabereki unopiwa naMwari kushandisa nhamburiko huru seinobvira, pasinei zvapo norudungwe rwakabatikana, kuti vasvitse zvinodikanwa zvomwana, zvikurukuru kuita munzira inovaka kumufambiro usingabvumiranwi nawo. Sezvo zvinetso zvizhinjisa zvomufambiro zvinooneka mumuitiro wavana nhasi zvichibatanidza vana vanonyanyisa muzviito, vanosundwa nesimba, kana kuti vasingapi ngwariro, kurukurirano yeADD neADHD sezvisakiso muvana vakaoma kurera ingava inobetsera.a

Muma 1950, idzi vhiringidziko dzainzi “kushanda kusiri kwomuzvarirwo kwakaderera kwouropi.” Mashoko iwayo akaguma kushandiswa, maererano nenyanzvi yetsinga dzokunzwa dzinotakura mashoko Dr. Jan Mathisen, apo zviwanwa zvakaratidza kuti “ADD haisati ichitongova kuvadziko youropi.” Dr. Mathisen anoti: “ADD hurema hunoratidzika munzvimbo dzakati dzouropi. Hatisati tava nechokwadi chezvinetso chaizvoizvo zvekemikoro youropi zvinobatanidzwa, asi tinorangarira kuti pane kubatanidzwa kwekemikoro muuropi kunonzi dopamine.” Anodavira kuti chinetso chacho chinobatanidza kudzorwa kwedopamine. “Zvichida hakusati kuri kemikoro imwe chete, asi pane batano pamakemikoro anoverengeka,” akawedzera kudaro.

Kunyange zvazvo pachine mibvunzo mizhinji isina kupindurwa pamusoro pechinoparira ADD, vanzveri vanowanzobvumirana naDr. Mathisen kuti kudzorwa kusina kutsarukana kwenguva refu kwokupa ngwariro, kwokuita zviito zvokusafunga, uye mubato wokufamba kwetsandanyama kunovambira mutsinga dzokunzwa dzinofambisa mashoko. Munguva pfupi yapfuura fundo yakaitwa naDr. Alan Zametkin navanzveri paNational Institute of Mental Health, muUnited States, yakaronda ADD kwenguva yokutanga kusvika kukuchinja kwamasero kusiri kwomuzvarirwo kwakananga muuropi, kunyange zvazvo kwakabvumwa kuti “kunzvera kwakawanda kunofanira kuitwa kuti vasvike pamhinduro dzakajeka zvikuru.”

Chikoro Chinopa Denho Chaiyo

Chikoro chinogarova chakaoma zvikuru nokuda kwavana vasingapi ngwariro kwenguva refu, vanotsauswa nyore nyore, vanosundwa nesimba, kana kuti vanonyanyisa muzviito, sezvo zvinodikanwa zvokupa ngwariro nezvokuramba wakanyarara zvinowedzera nokukurumidza mumumirire wezvinhu wekamuri rechikoro. Nemhaka yokuti vana vakadaro vanokuwana kwakaoma zvikuru kuramba vakapa ngwariro pachinhu chipi nechipi kwenguva refu, chiizve chiripo kuti vaite kunze kwokungova vanonyanyisa muzviito nenzira youpengo? Nokuda kwavamwe, kushaya kwavo kupa ngwariro kwakakomba zvikuru zvokuti havagoni kupfuurira kudzidza kwenguva dzose, pangava pamba kana kuti kuchikoro. Kugamuchira kwavo chirango nokuda kwokuva tyisidziro yekirasi kana kuti zvimwe benzi rekirasi hakusi kwechienzi, sezvo vane chinetso mukudzora mufambiro wavo nokuyera migumisiro yezviito zvavo.

Pakupedzisira, vanokudziridza chimiro chokuzvirangarira kwakashata, zvimwe vachizviratidzira vamene kuti “vakashata” na“mapenzi” ndokuita maererano nako. Kuwana magiredhi okukundikana pasinei zvapo nokuedza kwakaoma kwavanoita, ava vana ndivananyajambwa kukundikano yokuzvipfuuridzira yenguva refu.

Vakangaidzwa, vabereki vanova vanofunganya zvikuru navakavhiringidzika nomufambiro unodzongonyedza womwana wavo. Padzimwe nguva bonderano dzomuchato dzinova migumisiro, mubereki mumwe nomumwe achipa mhaka mumwe nokuda kwamamirire ezvinhu. Vabereki vazhinji vanopedza nguva yakawanda vachifungisisa nomutoo wehasha zvakashata uye vachikanganwa zvakanaka. Naizvozvo, zviito zvavo kumitoo yomufambiro yakashata zvinoparira kusanzwana kwakashata. Nokudaro mhuri, uye kusvika kutambanuko yakati vamwe avo vasinganzwani nomwana wacho, vanova murwisano uko kuri mugumisiro wokusanzwisisa kwavo nokusadzora mufambiro womwana akaoma—mwana ane, kana kuti asina, Attention Deficit Disorder.

Chakaitika Chomunhu Oga Chamai naRonnie

“Kubva panguva iyo Ronnie akaberekwa, akanga asingatongofari asi aishatirwa nokuchema nguva dzose. Achitapurika, akanga ane tumapundu, hosha dzenzeve, uye manyoka enguva dzose.

“Kunyange zvakadaro, unyanzvi hwokufamba hwapakuvamba hwaRonnie hwakakudziridzika zvakanaka, uye akakurumidza zvikuru kugara, kumira, uye kufamba—kana kuti ndingati kumhanya here? Ndaikurumidza kuita basa rangu rose romumba mukati menguva dzake pfupi dzokurara nemhaka yokuti apo ‘chamupupuri’ changu chiduku chaimuka, ndaizova ndakabatikana ndichiedza kuchichengeta mukuzvikuvadza chimene neimba sezvachaimhanya-mhanya chichibata chinhu chipi nechipi icho chaichifadza, uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvaidaro!

“Akanga aine nhambo pfupi zvikuru yokupa ngwariro. Hapana chinhu chaimubatikanisa kwenguva refu. Aivenga kugara akadzikama. Chokwadika, ichi chakanga chiri chinetso apo taienda naye kunzvimbo ipi neipi uko aikarirwa kugara akadzikama—zvikurukuru misangano yeungano. Kwakanga kusingabetseri kumurova nemhaka yokusagara akanyarara. Aisatongokugona. Vanhu vakawanda vane kariro dzakanaka vainyunyuta kana kuti kutipa zano, asi hapana chakashanda.

“Ronnie akanga akangwara, naizvozvo apo akanga ava rinenge zera ramakore matatu, takatanga gadziriro pfupi yokurava yezuva nezuva naye. Pakasvika nguva yaakanga ava nemakore mashanu, akanga ava kugona kusanorava. Ipapo akaenda kuchikoro. Pashure pounenge mwedzi mumwe, ndakagamuchira chikumbiro chokuendako ndokutaura nomudzidzisi. Akandiudza kuti apo akatanga kuona Ronnie, akafunga kuti airatidzika sengirozi, asi pashure pokuva naye mukirasi yake kwomwedzi mumwe, akafunga zvino kuti akanga achibva kune imwe nzvimbo! Akandiudza kuti aigarosvetuka, kudzongonyedza vamwe vana, kana kuti kuvadhonza. Aisagona kuva akanyarara kana kuti kugara akadzikama, uye aidzongonyedza kirasi yose. Aishayiwa kuzvidzora. Akacherekedzawo kuti chimiro chendangariro chokupandukira chakanga chichitanga. Kwakarumbidzwa kuti aiswe mukirasi yedzidzo chaiyo uye kuti timuendese kuna chiremba kuti tiwane tsamba yomurimo wokumudzikamisa. Takapererwa nezano rose!

“Mushonga wakanga usati uri chisarudzo chakakodzera nokuda kwaRonnie, asi chiremba wavana akatipa zvikarakadzo zvinoshanda. Wakanga uri murangariro wake kuti Ronnie akanga akangwara uye aifinhwa; naizvozvo akakarakadza kuti tichengete Ronnie akabatikana, kuti timupe rudo norudo rwakawanda, uye kuti tive vane shiviro navakanaka. Akafunga kuti Ronnie aizova anonetsa zvishoma nemhaka yezera nechinjo yezvokudya.

“Takaziva kuti mwanakomana wedu aida kushandwa naye nokungwarira, kuti aida kubetserwa kudzidza kushandisa simba rake munzira yakanaka. Ikoku kwaizotora nguva yakawanda; naizvozvo, takachinja rudungwe rwedu rwezuva nezuva, tichipedza maawa mazhinji tichishanda naye pabasa rokuchikoro, tichimudzidzisa neshiviro nokumutsanangurira zvinhu. Takarega kushandisa mashoko akashata kana kuti kumupa mhaka nokuda kwokusava nomufungo kwake nomusikanzwa. Chinangwa chedu chakanga chiri chokuvaka kuzviremekedza kwake kwakaderera. Taikurukura panzvimbo pokudzora nokurayira. Kana pakanga pane zvisarudzo zvipi nezvipi izvo zvaimubatanidza, taikumbira murangariro wake.

“Zvimwe zvinhu izvo zvaiuya nomutoo womuzvarirwo kuvamwe vana hazvina kuuya nyore nyore kuna Ronnie. Somuenzaniso, aifanira kudzidza nzira yokuva anoshivira, nzira yokuva nayo akaterama, nzira yokugara nayo akadzikama, uye nzira yokudzora nayo kushanda kwomuviri kwakanyanyisa. Asi zvakanga zvichidzoreka. Apo aingonzwisisa bedzi kuti aifanira kuita nhamburiko yokungwarira kuderedza ndokufunga pamusoro peizvo akanga achiita, kana kuti akanga achizoita, aivamba kuva nechivimbo nokuzvigadziridza. Pazera ramakore 13, mufambiro wake wakanga wava womuzvarirwo. Nenzira inofadza, chinhu chiri chose chakafamba zvakanaka kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, kunyange mukati mamakore anowanzova okupandukira omuduku.

“Mibayiro yokupa Ronnie rudo rukuru, uye zvitsama zvenguva zvakaenzana neshiviro, zvakafanirwa nenhamburiko dzacho zvakaisvonaka!”

[Mashoko Omuzasi]