Zita raMwari, Jehovha, Mutemberi yokuIjipiti
ZITA raMwari rokuti Jehovha, kana kuti Yahweh, rakatanga kuoneka rini mune mamwe mabhuku asiri Bhaibheri? Dzimwe nyanzvi dzine chokwadi chokuti rakatanga kuoneka muzana remakore rechi14 B.C.E. Sei dzichidaro?
Pakazosvika gore rinenge ra1370 B.C.E.,vaIjipiti vakanga vakunda nyika dzakawanda. Pharaoh Amenhotep (Amenophis) III aitonga Ijipiti panguva iyoyo, akavaka temberi yakanga yakanaka chaizvo kuSoleb muNubia, yava kunzi Sudan. Vanochera matongo pavakafukura temberi iyoyo, vakaona painge pakanyorwa sezvaiitwa kuIjipiti yekare, paiita sokuti mavara mana ezita raMwari muchiHebheru, YHWH, kana kuti Jehovha. Pakazonyorwa dombo rakakurumbira rokuMoabhi, rainzi ndipo pakatanga kuoneka zita raMwari rakanyorwa, mavara mana aya okuIjipiti akanga atova nemakore 500 anyorwa. Sei zvichiita sokuti zita raMwari womuBhaibheri rakanga rakanyorwa mutemberi yokuIjipiti?
“Jahu mwari wevaShasu”
Pharaoh Amenhotep III akakumikidza temberi yaakavaka kuna mwari anonzi Amun-Ra. Temberi yacho yaiva yakareba mamita anenge 120 uye yaiva kumadokero kwemahombekombe erwizi rwaNire. Pane imwe mbiru yetemberi pakanyorwa nechemuzasi sezvaiitwa kuIjipiti yekare mazita enzvimbo dzainzi naAmenhotep akanga adzikunda. Nzvimbo yoga yoga yaakakunda inomiririrwa nomusungwa, ane maoko akasungirirwa nechekumashure uye akatakura nhoo yakanyorwa zita renyika yake kana revanhu venyika yake. Nyika dzakawanda dzevanhu vainzi vaShasu kana kuti vaShosou dzaivapowo pane zvakanyorwa izvi. VaShasu vaiva vanaani?
VaIjipiti vaidana vaBedouin vachivati vaShasu, vachivati madzinza aizvidzwa aigara mhiri kwemuganhu wokumabvazuva weIjipiti. Nyika dzevaShasu dzaibatanidza kumaodzanyemba kweParestina, kumaodzanyemba kweTransjordan, uye Sinai. Vamwe vaongorori vanoti nyika dzinonzi dzaiva dzevaShasu dzaisvika nechekuchamhembe kuRebhanoni neSiriya. Panyika dzakakundwa dzakanyorwa kuSoleb pane yagara ichiverengwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuti “Yahwe munyika yevaShosou,” “Jahu mwari wevaShasu,” kana kuti “Nyika yevaShasu-yhw.” Jean Leclant, muongorori wezvakanga zvakaita Ijipiti anoti zita riri panhoo yokuSoleb “rinoenderana nemavara mana ezita ramwari womuBhaibheri, YHWH.”
Nyanzvi zhinji dzinoti zita rokuti Jahu, Yahu kana kuti Yahwe mundima ino nedzimwe ndima dzakada kufanana nayo rinofanira kunge richireva nzvimbo kana kuti ruwa. Imwe nyanzvi inonzi Shmuel Ahituv inoti pakanyorwa pacho panoratidza “nharaunda yaigarwa nedzinza raitama-tama rainamata Yāhū, Mwari wevaIsraeri.”a Kana mashoko aya ari echokwadi, zita renzvimbo iyi ringangova mumwe wemienzaniso yakawanda yekare yechiJudha yokuti nzvimbo pamwe namwari wacho zvaipiwa zita rimwe chete. Mumwe muenzaniso izita rokuti Assur, zita renyika yeAsiriya neramwari wayo mukuru.
Imwe nyanzvi yeBhaibheri uye mucheri wematongo anonzi Roland de Vaux akataura nezvezvakanyorwa mutemberi iri kuNubia, achiti: “Kutangira nechepakati pechiuru chemakore chechipiri BC, pakanga patova nezita renzvimbo kana kuti romunhu rakafanana chaizvo nezita raMwari waIsraeri, zvayaiva nharaunda yokuti madzitateguru aIsraeri aifambidzana nevakawanda.”
Zita Richiri Kukudzwa
Soleb handiyo chete nzvimbo iri kuNubia ine zita rokuti Yahwe rakanyorwa semanyorerwo aiitwa kuIjipiti yekare. Mazita akada kufanana neakawanika kuSoleb anowanikawo mutemberi dzaRamses II kuAmarah West uye kuAksha, muNubia. Pane zvakanyorwa kuAmarah, mashoko okuti “Yahwe munyika yevaShosou” akanyorwa sezvaiitwa kuIjipiti yekare, akada kufanana nezvakanyorwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzevaShosou, dzinofungidzirwa kuti iSeiri neRabhani. Bhaibheri rinotaura nezvenzvimbo idzodzo parinotaura nezvokumaodzanyemba kweParestina, Edhomu, uye Sinai. (Genesisi 36:8; Dheuteronomio 1:1) Nzvimbo idzi dzaishanyirwa chaizvo nevanhu vaiziva Jehovha uye vaimunamata vaIsraeri vasati vagara muIjipiti uye pavakazogaramo kwenguva pfupi.—Genesisi 36:17, 18; Numeri 13:26.
Zita raMwari womuBhaibheri rokuti Jehovha richiri kushandiswa kwose kwose uye richiri kukudzwa, kusiyana nemazita evamwe vanamwari akanyorwa kare. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzinopfuura 230, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinopfuura mamiriyoni manomwe zvinobatsira vamwe kudzidza nezvezita iroro uye kuswedera pedyo naMwari ane zita rakasiyana nevamwe rokuti Jehovha.—Pisarema 83:18; Jakobho 4:8.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Dzimwe nyanzvi hadzina chokwadi kana mashoko aya akanyorwa sezvaiitwa kuIjipiti yekare achireva kuti vaShasu “vainamata mwari ainzi Yahweh.” Vanofunga kuti zita renzvimbo iyi risingazivikanwi ringave rakangofananawo haro nezita raMwari wevaIsraeri.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 21]
Sei zita raMwari womuBhaibheri rokuti Jehovha, rakanyorwa mutemberi yechihedheni yokuIjipiti?
[Mepu iri papeji 21]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
IJIPITI
Temberi yokuSoleb
SUDAN
Rwizi rwaNire
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 21]
Mufananidzo wembiru yetemberi
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]
Nzvimbo ine matongo etemberi yaAmun-Ra, kuSoleb, Sudan
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Ed Scott/Pixtal/age fotostock
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]
Background: Asian and Middle Eastern Division/The New York Public Library/Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations