Nei Ari Kukumbira Kukanganwirwa?

PFUNGWA yokuti machechi anofanira kupfidza mhaka dzawo ndokuzvichinja haisi itsva. Religioni e miti (Marudzidziso Nengano), rimwe duramashoko rorudzidziso, rinotaura kuti kutendeseka kwaifungidzirwa kwechechi yapakuvamba kwakafadza vanhu mukati meMiddle Ages uye kwakatungamirira vakawanda kuti vakumbire kuchinja.

Muna 1523, pashure pokuparadzana kwaMartin Luther neRome, Pope Adrian VI akaedza kupedza kuparadzana kwacho kupfurikidza nokutumira shoko iri kuMusangano weNuremberg: “Tinosanoziva kuti kwamakore akawanda zvinhu zvakafanirwa nekunyangadza zvakanangidzirwa paChiremera chaPapa . . . Tichashandisa kushingaira kwose kuti tichinje zvikurukuru Dare reRoma, umo, zvichida, makavamba uipi hwose uhu.” Kubvuma ikoko, zvisinei, hakuna kubudirira mukupedza kuparadzana kana kuti kukurira ushati muDare rapapa.

Nguva pfupi zvikuru yapfuura machechi akatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokunyarara kwawo pamusoro peKuuraya Vakawanda. Akapomerwawo mhaka yokusakurudzira mitezo yawo kuti isatora rutivi muhondo. Muna 1941, sezvo Hondo Yenyika II yakanga ichitsva, mumwe muprista anonzi Primo Mazzolari akabvunza kuti: “Nei Roma isati yaita chimwe chinhu chakasimba pamusoro pokuparara kwedzidziso dzeKaturike sezvayaimboita, uye ichiri inojaira kuita, pamusoro pedzidziso dzisina ngozi zvikuru?” Dzidziso dzisina ngozi kupfuura chii? Muprista wacho akanga ari kutaura nezveurudzi hunokurudzira hondo uhwo panguva yacho hwakanga huchiparadza budiriro.

Kunyange zvakadaro, chokwadi ndechokuti, kutozosvikira nguva pfupi yapfuura zvikuru, kubvumwa kwemhosva kunoitwa nemarudzidziso kwakanga kuri kwechienzi. Muna 1832, achipindura vamwe vakanga vachikurudzira Chechi yeKaturike kuti i‘zvisimbisezve,’ Gregory XVI akati: “Zviri pachena kuti hazvina mufungo uye zvinokuvadza kukarakadza ‘kudzorerwa uye kusimbisazve’ kwakati nokuda kwokuchengeteka nokukura kwe[chechi], sokunge kuti ingagona kunzi yakaipa.” Zvakadini nezvezvakaipa zvakanga zviri pachena zvikuru zvokusarambwa? Mazano akasiyana-siyana akagamuchirwa kuti azvipembedze. Somuenzaniso, vamwe vafundisi vakataura kuti chechi iri zvose zviri zviviri tsvene uye inotadza. Sangano racho pacharo rinonzi idzvene—rinodzivirirwa pamhosho naMwari. Zvisinei, mitezo yaro inotadza. Nokudaro, apo utsinye hunoitwa muzita rechechi, sangano racho pacharo harifaniri kupiwa mhaka, asi vanhu vamwe navamwe vari muchechi vanofanira. Izvozvo zvinonzwika zvine mufungo here? Kwete kumufundisi weRoma Katurike Hans Küng, uyo akanyora kuti: “Hapana Chechi yakakwana yakaparadzana nemitezo yayo.” Akatsanangura kuti: “Hapana chechi isina zvivi zvokureurura.”

ZvechiKristu Nechimiro Chetsika

Ungashamisika kuti zviitikoi zvakatungamirira machechi kuti akumbire kukanganwirwa zvino. Pakutanga, vaPurotesitendi navaOrthodox vakabvuma mutoro wo“kukamukana kwomunguva yakapfuura” pakati pemasangano akasiyana-siyana. Vakaita izvi pamusangano wezvechiKristu we“Kutenda Norunyararo” wakaitirwa muLausanne, Switzerland, muna 1927. Chechi yeRoma Katurike pakupedzisira yakatevera muenzaniso wacho. Zvikurukuru chibviro cheVatican II,a vafundisi vakuru, kubatanidza vanapapa, vakakumbira kukanganwirwa nguva dzose dzinowedzera nokuda kwokukamukana kuri mukati mechiKristudhomu. Nokuda kwechinangwai? Sezviri pachena, vanoda kubatana kukuru muchiKristudhomu. Wezvenhau weKaturike Nicolino Sarale akataura kuti mu“chirongwa cho‘kubvuma mhosva,’ chaJohn Paul II mune zano, uye nderechiKristu.”

Zvisinei, zvinopfuura zvechiKristu zvinobatanidzwa. Nhasi, nhau ine mukurumbira wakaipa yechiKristudhomu inozivikanwa kwose kwose. “Katurike haigoni kungofuratira nhau yose iyi,” anodaro mufundisi Hans Urs von Balthasar. “Chechi yake chaiyo yakaita kana kuti yakabvumira kuti zvinhu zvatisingagoni kutendera zvirokwazvo zviitwe mazuva ano.” Nokudaro, papa akagadza dare kuti ri“tsanangure zviitiko zvakaipa zvechechi kuitira kuti . . . kukanganwirwa kugokumbirwa.” Chimwe chikonzero, ipapoka, chokudisa kwechechi kuti izvitsoropodze chinoratidzika kuva chishuvo chokuwanazve chimiro chayo chetsika.

Nenzira yakafanana, wezvenhau Alberto Melloni, paakatsinhira pamusoro pokukumbira kukanganwirwa kwechechi, anonyora kuti: “Chaizvoizvo, pane dzimwe nguva chinokumbirwa kuzorodzwa pakupomerwa mhosva dzomutoro.” Hungu, Chechi yeKaturike inoratidzika kuva iri kuedza kufuratira mutoro wezvivi zvomunguva yakapfuura kuitira kuti iwanezve simba rayo mumeso avanhu vose. Nokuvimbika, kunyange zvakadaro, zvinofanira kunzi inoratidzika sokuti inoitira hanya zvikuru kuita rugare nenyika kupfuura naMwari.

Mufambiro wakadaro unotiyeuchidza nezvaSauro, mambo wokutanga waIsraeri. (1 Samueri 15:1-12) Akaita mhosho huru, uye payakafumurwa, akatanga kuedza kuzviruramisa—kupembedza mhosho yake—kuna Samueri, muporofita akatendeka waMwari. (1 Samueri 15:13-21) Pakupedzisira, mambo akanga achifanira kubvuma kuna Samueri kuti: “Ndakatadza, nokuti ndakadarika murayiro waJehovha.” (1 Samueri 15:24, 25) Hungu, akabvuma mhosva yake. Asi mashoko ake anotevera kuna Samueri anoratidza zvakanga zvichikosha mundangariro make: “Ndakatadza hangu, asi ndikudzei henyu pamberi pavakuru vangu, napamberi paIsraeri.” (1 Samueri 15:30) Sezviri pachena, Sauro akanga achiitira hanya zvikuru chimiro chake muna Israeri kupfuura kuyananiswa naMwari. Murangariro uyu hauna kuguma nokukanganwirwa kwaSauro naMwari. Unofunga kuti murangariro wakafanana uchaguma nokukanganwira kwaMwari machechi here?

Havasi Vose Vanobvumirana

Havasi vose vanobvumirana kuti machechi anofanira kukumbira kukanganwirwa pachena. Somuenzaniso, vaRoma Katurike vakati wandei havanzwi zvakanaka apo papa wavo anokumbira kukanganwirwa nokuda kwouranda kana kuti anodzorera “vapanduki” vakafanana naHus naCalvin. Maererano nokunobva mashoko eVatican, chinyorwa chakatumirwa makadhinaro chichikarakadza “kunzverwa kwehana” pamusoro penhau yemakore ane chiuru apfuura echiKaturike chakatsoropodzwa namakadhinaro aipinda musangano wakaitwa muna June 1994. Apo papa kunyange zvakadaro aida kubatanidza mativi echikarakadzo ichocho mutsamba inotumirwa napapa kumabhishopi ose, kadhinaro wokuItaly Giacomo Biffi akabudisa chinyorwa choufundisi maakasimbisa kuti: “Chechi haina chivi.” Kunyange zvakadaro, akabvuma kuti: “Kukumbira kukanganwirwa mhosho dzavafundisi dzemazana amakore akapfuura . . . kungatiita vasingabvumirani zvishoma.”

“Kureurura chivi ndeimwe yenhau dzinomutsa nharo zvikurusa muChechi yeKaturike,” anotaura kudaro mushamarari weVatican Luigi Accattoli. “Kana papa akabvuma mhosho dzavafundisi, kune vafundisi vakatendeseka vanoramba.” Uyezve, mumwe mutori wenhau weRoma Katurike akanyora kuti: “Kana papa ane mufungo wokutya nhau yeChechi wakadaro, zvakaoma kunzwisisa nzira yaanogona kupa nayo Chechi imwe cheteyo somutsigiri we‘maruramiro avanhu,’ ‘amai nomudzidzisi’ izvo zvoga zvinogona kutungamirira rudzi rwomunhu kuchiuru chamakore chechitatu chakajeka zvirokwazvo.”

Bhaibheri rinotinyevera pamusoro pokupfidza kwokunyengera kunosundwa nokungonyarawo zvako nokuwanikidzwa uchiita zvakaipa. Rudzi irworwo rwokupfidza haruwanzotungamiriri kukuchinja kwenguva refu mumunhu anopfidza. (Enzanisa na2 VaKorinte 7:8-11.) Kupfidza kunokosha mumeso aMwari kunoperekedzwa ne“zvibereko zvakafanira kutendeuka”—ndiko kuti, ufakazi hunoratidza uchokwadi hwokupfidza.—Ruka 3:8.

Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti munhu anopfidza uye anoreurura anofanira kurega mabasa akaipa, kurega kuaita. (Zvirevo 28:13) Izvi zvakaitika here? Zvisinei, pashure pokureururwa kwose kwezvakaipa kwakaitwa neChechi yeRoma Katurike nemamwe machechi, chii chakaitika murwisano dzazvino dzavagari vemo pakati peAfrica neEastern Europe, umo mapoka makuru e“vaKristu” akabatanidzwa? Machechi akaita sesimba rorugare here? Vatungamiriri vawo vose vakataura vakabatana mukurwisana noutsinye hwakanga huchiitwa nemitezo yawo here? Aiwa. Chokwadi, vamwe vafundisi vakatotora rutivi mukuuraya!

Rutongeso rwaMwari

Paaitaura nezvekubvuma abvumazve mhosva kwapapa, Kadhinaro Biffi akabvunza nechibhende kuti: “Nokuda kwezvivi zvomunguva yakapfuura, hazvingavi nani kuti tose timirire rutongeso rwomunhu wose here?” Zvisinei, kutongwa kwavanhu vose kwava pedyo. Jehovha Mwari anoziva zvikuru nhau dzakashata dzorudzidziso. Nokukurumidza zvikuru, achaita kuti vane mhosva vazvidavirire. (Zvakazarurwa 18:4-8) Munguvayi, zvinobvira here kuwana chimiro chokunamata chisina kusvibiswa nemhaka yeropa, kuponda, uye dzimwe mhosva dziri kukumbirirwa ruregerero nemachechi echiKristudhomu? Hungu.

Tinogona sei kuita izvozvo? Kupfurikidza nokushandisa mutemo wakataurwa naJesu Kristu: “Muchavaziva nezvibereko zvavo.” Chinyorwa chenhau, icho mamwe marudzidziso angada kuti chikanganwike, chinotibetsera kuziva kwete bedzi avo Jesu akadana kuti “vaporofita venhema” asiwo avo vakabereka “zvibereko zvakanaka.” (Mateo 7:15-20) Ndivanaani ava? Tinokukumbira kuti uzviwanire kupfurikidza nokunzvera Bhaibheri neZvapupu zvaJehovha. Ona kuti nhasi ndivanaani chaizvoizvo vari kuedza kutevera Shoko raMwari panzvimbo pokutsvaka kuchengeta nzvimbo inopesvedzera munyika.—Mabasa 17:11.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]

Machechi ari kukumbira kukanganwirwa nokuda kwouipi hwakafanana nouhu

[Kwazvakatorwa]

The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck