Kuitika Kunowedzera Kwamashoko Akashata
WATI wambocherekedza here kuti misoro mikuru yenhau inozivisa mashoko akashata inonyandura fariro huru yomuravi kupfuura iyo inopa mashoko akanaka? Ungave uri musoro mukuru wenhau wepepanhau wengwavaira yomusikirwo kana kuti guhwa rinonyandura rakaratidzirwa zvakatanhamara pabutiro remagazini ine mapepa anovaima, kunoratidzika kuti mashoko akashata anotengwa zvikuru kupfuura mashoko akanaka.
Nhasi hakuna kuperevedza kwamashoko akashata. Asi mumwe munhu pane dzimwe nguva anoshamisika kana mashoko akashata ariwo anorovedzerwa vashumi venhau nevatori venhau kuti vatsvake nokunzvera—mashoko akanaka api naapi achisiyiwa.
Akawanda Munhau Yose
Zvirokwazvo, mashoko akashata ave akawanda mumazana ose amakore, achikurira mashoko akanaka api neapi. Muzvinyorwa zvenhau, zviyero zvakarerekera kukutambura kwavanhu, kuodzwa mwoyo, uye kupera mwoyo, uyo wave uri mugariro worudzi rwomunhu.
Ngatirangarire mienzaniso mishomanene chete. Bhuku rinonzi Chronicle of the World, rakagadzirwa naJacques Legrand, rinopa nhoroondo dzakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe yakanyorerwa musi wakati uyo chiitiko chacho chakaitika asi sokunge yakanga iri kutaurwa nomunyori wenhau wazvino ari kushuma chiitiko chacho. Kubva muiyi mishumo yakasanonzverwa, tinoona zvakanaka mashoko akashata akapararira ayo munhu akanzwa mukuvapo kwake kwose kwokutambudzika pano panyika yePasi.
Kutanga, rangarira uyu mushumo wapakuvamba wakabva kuGreece muna 429 B.C.E. Uri kushuma pamusoro pehondo yairwiwa panguva iyoyo pakati peAthens neSparta, kuti: “Guta rinozvitonga rePotidaea rakamanikidzwa kutera kune vokuAthens vakakomberedza pashure pokuderedzwa kusvikira kumamirire ezvinhu enzara akadaro zvokuti vanhu varo vave vachidya mitumbi yevakafa vavo.” Mashoko akashata zvirokwazvo!
Tichipfuurira kusvika kuzana ramakore rokutanga Nguva yedu Yavose isati yasvika, tinowana mushumo wakajeka worufu rwaJulius Caesar, wakanyorwa kuti ndewokuRome, womusi waMarch 15, 44 B.C. “Julius Caesar aurawa. Abayiwa ndokufa neboka ravarangani, vamwe vavo shamwari dzake dzapedyosa, sezvo anga achindogara pachigaro chake muSenate House nhasi, Pakati paMarch.”
Mukati memazana amakore akatevera, mashoko akashata akapfuurira kuwanda. Muenzaniso mumwe unokatyamadza ndeaya mashoko akabva kuMexico muna 1487, anoti: “Mukuratidzirwa kwokuzvibayira kunoshamisa zvikurusa kwati kwamboonwa mudzimbahwe reAztec, Tenochtitlan, vanhu 20 000 vakabviswa mwoyo yavo ikabayirwa kuna Huitzilopochtli, mwari wehondo.”
Utsinye hwomunhu hauna bedzi kugovera mashoko akashata asi kusaitira hanya kwake kwakawedzera kundaza yacho refu. Mwoto mukuru weLondon unoratidzika kuva wave uri ngwavaira imwe yakadaro. Mushumo wakabva kuLondon, England, womusi waSeptember 5, 1666, unorava, kuti: “Pakupedzisira, pashure pamazuva mana nousiku, mwoto weLondon wadzimwa nomuchinda weYork, uyo akaunza mapoka evashandi vomungarava anoshandisa unga kuparadza zvivako mumarimi emwoto. Maeka 400 akaroromeswa nemachechi 87 uye dzimba dzinopfuura 13 000 zvikaparadzwa. Nenzira inoshamisa, vanhu vapfumbamwe bedzi ndivo vakafa.”
Tinofanira kuwedzera kuiyi mienzaniso yamashoko akashata mirakatira iyo yakakukura makondinendi akawanda—somuenzaniso, murakatira wekorera wokuvamba kwama1830. Musoro wakadhindwa waishuma ikoku unorava, kuti: “Kutyisa kwekorera kunonetsa Europe.” Mushumo wechokwadi unotevera unoratidzira mashoko akashata anotyisa zvakaipisisa: “Korera, yaisazivikanwa muEurope kutozosvikira muna 1817, iri kupararira yakananga kumadokero ichibva kuAsia. Maguta eRussia akadai seMoscow neSt. Petersburg akatoparadzirwa vagari vemo vawo—voruzhinji vavanyajambwa vacho vaiva varombo vomudhorobha.”
Kuwanda Mumakore Mashoma Apfuura
Naizvozvo nepo kuri kwechokwadi kuti mashoko akanaka ave ari idi roupenyu munhau yose yakanyorwa, makumi amakore achangobva kupfuura ezana rino ramakore rechi20 anopa ufakazi hwokuti mashoko akashata ari kuwedzera, zvirokwazvo ari kuwanda nokukurumidza.
Nenzira isingapanikirwi, mashoko ehondo ave ari rudzi rwakaipisisa rwamashoko akashata ayo zana redu ramakore razvino rati ranzwa. Hondo hurusa mbiri munhau—dzakanzi nenzira yakakodzera Hondo Yenyika I neHondo Yenyika II—zvirokwazvo dzakaona mashoko akashata achishumwa pamwero unokatyamadza. Asi ichocho chave chiri bedzi chikamu chamashoko akashata ayo zana rino ramakore risingafari rakagovera.
Rangarira misoro mikuru yenhau mishomanene chete yakangonhongwa-nhongwa:
September 1, 1923: Kudengenyeka kunoparadza chose Tokyo—300 000 vafa; September 20, 1931: Dambudziko—Britain inoderedza ukoshi hwepondo; June 25, 1950: North Korea inofora ichipinda muSouth Korea; October 26, 1956: VokuHungary vanomukira kutonga kweSoviet; November 22, 1963: John Kennedy anopfurwa ndokufa muDallas; August 21, 1968: Motokari dzehondo dzeRussia dzinopinda kuti dziparadze kumukira kwePrague; September 12, 1970: Majeti akabiwa akapiswa murenje; December 25, 1974: Cyclone Tracy inoparadza Darwin—66 vanofa; April 17, 1975: Cambodia inowira mumauto evaKomonisiti; November 18, 1978: Kuzviuraya kwavazhinji muGuyana; October 31, 1984: Mai Gandhi vapfurwa ndokufa; January 28, 1986: Chitundu musere musere chinoputika pakusimuka; April 26, 1986: Gwenya reSoviet rinotsva; October 19, 1987: Kuputsika kwemakambani evanotengeserana nokugoverana pfuma; March 25, 1989: Alaska inotambudzwa nekurasika kwemafuta; June 4, 1989: Mauto anoponda vadzivisi muTiananmen Square.
Hungu, nhau inoratidza kuti mashoko akashata anguve ari akawanda, nepo mashoko akanaka ave ari mashoma zvikuru. Sezvo mashoko akashata akawanda mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, mashoko akanaka akaderera sezvo gore rimwe nerimwe rinopfuura.
Neiko ikoku kuchifanira kuva kwakadaro? Kuchava kwakadaro nguva dzose here?
Nyaya inotevera ichakurukura mibvunzo miviri iyoyi.
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]
WHO/League of Red Cross