Nyika Iri Nani—Yava Pedyo!
“CHISHUVO cheparadhiso chiri pakati pezvishuvo zvine simba izvo zvinoratidzika kuva zviri mundangariro dzavanhu nguva dzose. Chingava chine simba zvikurusa nechinopfuurira chazvose. Kupanga paradhiso kwakati kunoratidzirwa pamwero uri wose woupenyu hworudzidziso,” inodaro The Encyclopedia of Religion.
Tsika dzose dzinoratidzika kuva dzose dzine chishuvo chokugara munyika iri nani, sokunge kuchemera chakanaka chapakuvamba chisisiripo. Ikoku kunokarakadza bviro yeparadhiso yapakuvamba, asi kupiko? Nyanzvi yokunzvera kushanda kwendangariro ingataura kuti ichi chishuvo chinozivisa chishuvo chokuwanazve chengeteko yakarasika yechibereko chaamai. Bva, iyi tsananguro haipwisi nyanzvi dzinofunda nhau yorudzidziso.
“Chishuvo cheParadhiso”—Neiko?
Kuvapo kwechishuvo chakadaro, sokukarakadza kunoita vamwe, kunobatira bedzi kuita kuti zvinetso nokupfupika kwokuvapo kwoupenyu hwohunhu zvive zvinoshivirika zvikuru here? Kana kuti kune imwe tsananguro here?
Neiko rudzi rwomunhu ruchishuva nyika iri nani? Bhaibheri rinopa tsananguro yakajeka sokupfava kwayakaita: Rudzi rwomunhu runobva munyika iri nani! Paradhiso yapakuvamba yaivapo chaizvoizvo. Shoko raMwari rinoirondedzera se“bindu” raiva munharaunda yakati muMiddle East, rakakomborerwa ne“miti yose inofadza meso, neyakanaka kudya.” Mwari akarironzesa kutarisiro yavaviri vokutanga vohunhu. (Genesi 2:7-15) Wakanga uri mugariro wakanaka umo vanhu vaigona kuve vakafara zvirokwazvo.
Neiko migariro iyoyo yeParadhiso isina kugarisa? Nemhaka yokupanduka kutanga kwechisikwa chomudzimu uye ipapo kwavaviri vohunhu. (Genesi 2:16, 17; 3:1-6, 17-19) Nokudaro, munhu akarasikirwa kwete bedzi neParadhiso asiwo nokukwana, utano, uye upenyu husingagumi. Migariro yakavamba kutekeshera zvamazvirokwazvo haina kuvandudza upenyu hwohunhu. Mukupesana, ikoku kwakaderera nenzira inofambira mberi kupfuura nakare kose nhasi.—Muparidzi 3:18-20; VaRoma 5:12; 2 Timotio 3:1-5, 13.
Kutsvaka Paradhiso—Nhau Yepfungwa
Sezvingafungidzirwa, “chishuvo cheparadhiso” chine nhau yakareba zvikuru. VaSumeria vakayeuka nguva umo tsinhirano yakatonga muchisiko chose: “Kwakanga kusina rutyo, kusina kuvhunduka, munhu akanga asina murwisi. . . . Chisiko chose, vanhu vakabatana, mururimi rumwe vakapa rumbidzo kuna Enlil,” yakayeuka kudaro nhetembo yakare yeMesopotamia. Vamwe, kufanana navaEgipita vakare, vaikarira kusvika nyika iri nani pashure porufu rwavo. Vaidavira kuti mweya usingafi waisvika yainzi nzvimbo dzaAaru. Asi panenge pakuvamba, iyi tariro yakanga yakazaruka kuboka ravapfumi bedzi; varombo vaisagona kurota vachiwana nyika yakanaka.
Munharaunda yakasiana yorudzidziso, vaHindu vakamirira kusvika kwenhambo yenyika iri nani (yuga) kwamazana amakore. Mukuwirirana nedzidziso dzechiHindu, mayuga mana anozvidzokorora amene mukutenderera kunopfuurira, uye pari zvino tiri kurarama mukati meyakaipisisa. Nenzira isingafadzi, iyi Kali Yuga (nhambo yakaipa), nokutambura kwayo kwose nouipi, ichagara, mukuwirirana navamwe, nguva refu samakore 432 000. Kunyanguvezvo, vaHindu vakatendeka vanomirira nhambo yakaisvonaka, Krita Yuga.
Pane rumwe rutivi, vaGiriki navaRoma vakarota vachisvika Fortunate Isles dzengano, muAtlantic Ocean. Uye vanyori vakawanda, vakadai saHesiod, Virgil, uye Ovid, vakataura nezvenhambo yakaisvonaka inoshamisa yapakuvamba, vachikarira kuti rimwe zuva yaizodzorerwa. Nechokumugumo kwezana ramakore rokutanga P.N.V., mudetembedzi weLatin Virgil akadeya kutaura kusvika kwaiva pedyo kweaetas aurea (nhambo yakaisvonaka) itsva neinogarisa. Mumazana amakore akatevera, “madzimambo eRoma anokwana gumi namatanhatu akataura kuti kutonga kwawo kwakanga kwatangazve Nhambo Yakaisvonaka,” inodaro The Encyclopedia of Religion. Asi sokusanoziva kwatinoita nhasi, iyoyo yakanga iri paradziro yezvamatongerwe enyika chete.
VaCelt vakawanda vaishuva yavaifunga nezvayo senyika yakajeka pachitsuwa (kana kuti muboka rezvitsuwa) seri kwegungwa, uko vaidavira kuti vanhu vaigara mumufarwa wakakwana. Mukuwirirana neimwe ngano, Mambo Arthur, kunyange zvazvo akakuvadzwa zvinouraya, akapfuurira kurarama pashure pokunge awana chitsuwa chinoshamisa chinonzi Avalon.
Munguva dzakare nomuMiddle Ages, vakawanda vaifunga kuti bindu remifarwa chaiyoiyo, bindu reEdheni, rakanga richiripo kune imwe nzvimbo, “pamusoro pegomo risingasvikiki kana kuti mhiri kwegungwa risingayambukwi,” anotsanangura kudaro wezvenhau Jean Delumeau. Kunyange zvazvo mudetembedzi weItaly Dante aidavira paradhiso yokudenga, akafungidzira kuti paradhiso yapasi yakanga ichiripo pamusoro pegomo rePurigatori yake, kumhiri kweguta reJerusarema. Vamwe vaidavira kuti yaifanira kuwanwa muAsia, muMesopotamia, kana kuti mumaHimalaya. Uye ngano dzomuMiddle Ages pamusoro peparadhiso yeEdheni dzakanga dzakawanda. Vakawanda vaidavira kuti pedyo neparadhiso iyoyo, kwakanga kune umambo hunoshamisa hwaitongwa naPrester John mutsvene. Nemhaka yenzvimbo yeparadhiso yapasi, upenyu muumambo hwaPrester John hwainzi hwakanga hwakareba nohunofadza, manyuko enguva dzose ezvakawanda nepfuma. Vamwe, vachiyeuka ngano dzechiGiriki dzakare, vaingofunga kuti zvitsuwa zveparadhiso zvaifanira kuwanwa muAtlantic. Mepu dzomuMiddle Ages dzakaratidza uchokwadi hwechitendero chakadaro mukuvapo kwebindu reEdheni, dzichitoratidzira nzvimbo yayo yaifungidzirwa.
Mumazana amakore rechi 15 nerechi 16, vachairi vezvikepe vakayambuka Atlantic chaizvoizvo vakanga vachitsvaka nyika iyo, panguva imwe cheteyo, yakanga iri zvose zviri zviviri itsva neyakare. Vaifunga kuti pane rumwe rutivi rwegungwa, vakanga vachizowana kwete bedzi Indies asiwo bindu reEdheni. Christopher Columbus, somuenzaniso, akaitsvaka pakati pamakomo enyika dzinotonhorera nedzinopisa dzapasi dzeSouth neCentral America. Vanzveri venzvimbo dzisingazivikanwi veEurope avo vakasvika muBrazil vakanga vane chokwadi chokuti paradhiso yakarasika inofanira kuva imomo nemhaka yomugariro wokunze unotonhorera nezvokudya zvakawanda nemiti. Nokukurumidza zvikuru, kunyanguvezvo, vakagombedzerwa kuziva idi risingafadzi.
MaUtopia—Inzvimbo Dzakanaka Here?
Panzvimbo pokuvavarira kuwana nyika yakanaka murutivi rwakati rwuri kure rwapasi, vamwe vakaedza kuironga. Nokudaro, muna 1516, nyanzvi yegarikano yavanhu yokuEngland Thomas More yakarondedzera chitsuwa cheUtopia, nzvimbo inoshamisa, ine rugare, uye inoshivirira, yakasiana zvikuru nenyika yakaipa yaaiziva. Vamwe vakanga vaedzawo kuronga nyika dziri nani, nyika dzakanaka zvikuru: muzana ramakore rechitanhatu P.N.V., Plato neRepublic yake; muna 1602, mufundisi weItaly Tommaso Campanella neGuta rake reZuva rakarongwa zvikuru; makore mashomanene chete gare gare, muzivi weEngland Francis Bacon mukurondedzera “mugariro unofadza nounobudirira” weNew Atlantis yake. Pashure pamazana amakore akati, vafungi vamarudzi ose (vangava vatendi kana kuti kwete) vakarondedzera maUtopia akawanda kwazvo. Mashomanene, kana pane api naapi awo, zvisinei, akarangarirwa zvakakomba.
Kwave kuchitova naavo vakaedza kuvaka maUtopia avo. Somuenzaniso, muna 1824 mumwe wokuEngland akapfuma, Robert Owen, akasarudza kutamira kuIndiana, U.S.A., kuti awane pfungwa dzake dzeUtopia mumusha waakadana kuti New Harmony. Apwiswa kuti mumigariro yakarurama, vanhu vaizovandudzika, akashandisa inodokuva pfuma yake yose achivavarira kutanga chaaiisa muchiono senyika itsva yakanaka. Asi miuyo yacho yakaratidzira kuti migariro mitsva yokugara haina kukwana kuparira vanhu vatsva.
Dzinodokuva pfungwa dzose dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinotsigira kuti munhu anofanira kuronga nyika yacho mukuwirirana nezivo yake amene nepfungwa yake amene yechiri chechokwadi kuti aunze paradhiso inorotwa pasi pano. Bva, nenzira inopesana, kuedza kuwana zvishuvo zvakadaro kwakaguma nehondo nokumukira, zvakadai soKumukira kweFrance muna 1789 noKumukira kwaBolshevik muna 1917. Panzvimbo pokuunza migariro yeparadhiso, idzi nhamburiko kazhinji kazhinji dzakatungamirira kumarwadzo akawedzerwa nokutambura.
Zvishuvo, gadziriro, maUtopia, uye kuedza kuzviwana—inhau yokuora waorazve mwoyo. Munguva yazvino, vamwe vanotaura nezve“chiroto chakaparadzwa” uye “mugumo wenhambo yamautopia,” vachitikoka “kurarama tisina mautopia.” Kune tariro ipi neipi here yokuona nyika iri nani, kana kuti yakadeya kutemerwa kuramba iri chiroto chete here?
VaKristu Nenyika Iri Nani
Nyika itsva haisati itongori chiroto—itariro yechokwadi! Jesu Kristu, Muvambi wechiKristu, aiziva kuti nyika iripo iyi haisati iri yakanakisisa yenyika dzose dzinobvira. Akadzidzisa kuti pasi raizogarwa nhaka navanyoro uye kuti kuda kwaMwari kwaizoitika ipapo. (Mateo 5:5; 6:9, 10) Vose vari vaviri iye navadzidzi vake vaiziva kuti nyika ino inodzorwa nomuvengi waMwari, Satani Dhiabhorosi, uye kuti ichochi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chenhamo dzakawanda dzorudzi rwomunhu. (Johane 12:31; 2 VaKorinte 4:4; 1 Johane 5:19; Zvakazarurwa 12:12) VaJudha vakatendeka vakamirira zuva umo Mwari aizobvisa papasi nokusingaperi hondo yose, marwadzo, uye chirwere kuti aite kuti rigarwe navadi vorugare neruramisiro. Nenzira imwe cheteyo, vaKristu vomuzana ramakore rokutanga vakamirira nechivimbo kuti nyika iripo iyi itsiviwe netsika itsva yezvinhu, “denga idzva nenyika itsva.”—2 Petro 3:13; Pisarema 37:11; 46:8, 9; Isaya 25:8; 33:24; 45:18; Zvakazarurwa 21:1.
Apo Jesu Kristu akanga akarembera padanda rokutambudzira, akadzokorora chipikirwa chenyika iri nani kumuiti wezvakaipa uyo akaratidza mwero wakati wokutenda Maari. “[Jesu] akati kwaari: ‘Zvirokwazvo ndinokuudza nhasi, Uchava neni muParadhiso.’” (Ruka 23:40-43, NW) Muiti wezvakaipa iyeyo akanzwisisa mashoko iwayo kuva airevei? Jesu akakarakadza kuti muiti wezvakaipa aizo‘va naye’ mudenga zuva iroro rimene here, seizvo shanduro dzakati dzeBhaibheri dzeKaturike nePurotesitendi dzaizoratidzika kuva dzinoreva? Aiwa, izvozvo handizvo Jesu aireva, sezvo pashure porumuko rwake, Jesu akaudza Maria Magdharene kuti Iye ‘akanga achigere kukwira kuna Baba.’ (Johane 20:11-18) Kunyange zvazvo vakadzidziswa naJesu kwamakore matatu nehafu, pamberi pePentekosta 33 N.V. kunyange vaapostora vake havana kurangarira paradhiso yokudenga. (Mabasa 1:6-11) Muiti wezvakaipa iyeyo akanzwisisa izvo voruzhinjisa vavaJudha vairarama panguva iyoyo vaizodai vakanzwisisa: Jesu akanga achipikira nyika iri nani ichauya muparadhiso yapasi. Imwe nyanzvi yeGermany yakabvuma, kuti: “Dzidziso yechirango muupenyu hwapashure porufu haitombooneki muTestamente Yekare.”
Kuti kuchava neparadhiso papasi redu kunopupurirwa nomuapostora Pauro mutsamba yake kuvaHebheru. Pakukurudzira vatendi biyake kuti vasa‘regeredze ruponeso rukuru rwakavamba kutaurwa kupfurikidza naJesu Kristu,’ Pauro anosimbisa kuti Jehovha Mwari akapa Jesu chiremera pamusoro pa“pasi rinogarwa [chiGiriki, oi·kou·meʹne] richauya.” (VaHebheru 2:3, 5, NW) MuMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, shoko oi·kou·meʹne nguva dzose rinonongedzera kupasi redu rinogarwa navanhu, kwete kunyika yokudenga. (Enzanisa naMateo 24:14; Ruka 2:1; 21:26; Mabasa 17:31.) Umambo hwaMwari hunotongwa naKristu Jesu naizvozvo huchadzora pasi rinogarwa. Iyoyo chaizvoizvo ichava nzvimbo yakanaka yokugara mairi!
Kunyange zvazvo Umambo humene huri hwokudenga, kunyanguvezvo huchapindira muzvinhu zvapasi. Nemiuyoiko? Zvirwere, utsinye, urombo, uye rufu zvichakanganwika. Kunyange kuvhiringidzika nokusagutsikana zvichanyangarika. (Zvakazarurwa 21:3-5) Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti ‘Mwari uchatadzanura chanza chake ndokugutsa chishuvo chechinhu chipenyu chiri chose.’ (Pisarema 145:16) Zvinetso zvakadai sokushaikwa kwamabasa neshatiso zvichava nemhinduro inoshanda neinogarisa. (Isaya 65:21-23; Zvakazarurwa 11:18) Asi kupfuura zvose, nemhaka yechikomborero chaMwari, kuchava nokukunda kwezvokwadi, ruramisiro, uye rugare—mavara anoratidzika kudokuva akanyangarika!—Pisarema 85:7-13; VaGaratia 5:22, 23.
Kwose ikoku chiroto here, Utopia? Aiwa, iyi inotambudza zvikurusa yenguva dzose umo tiri kurarama inoratidzira kuti tiri mu“mazuva okupedzisira” enyika ino uye kuti nyika itsva naizvozvo yava pedyo. (2 Timotio 3:1-5) Ungada kugara imomo here? Dzidza kuti kunobvira sei kupfurikidza nokufunda Bhaibheri neZvapupu zvaJehovha. Nyika iri nani yava pedyo, iri nani zvikuru kupfuura yatakamborota. Haisi Utopia—chinhu chaichoicho!
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Nyika iri nani—ichava chinhu chaichoicho nokukurumidza