Murangariro wechiKristu Wemifananidzo

“IMI makarega kunamata zvidhori . . . uye makava vabatiri vaMwari chaiyeiye, mupenyu,” akanyora kudaro muapostora Pauro kumaKristu aiva muTesaronika. (1 VaTesaronika 1:9a) Hungu, maKristu apakuvamba akawanda pane imwe nguva akanga ari vanamati vezvidhori vechihedheni. (1 VaKorinte 6:9-11) Asi pakuva maKristu, ivo vakarega miitiro yokunamata zvidhori.

Kukotama pamberi pezvidhori kwaizivikanwa navose kwazvo, zvisinei, zvokuti maKristu ainyombwa nemhaka yokuti ainamata asina mifananidzo. Vamwe vahedheni vakatovapomera mhosva yokuva vasingatendi kuvapo kwaMwari! Ipapoka, kuremekedzwa kwemifananidzo gare gare kwakazova sei kwakapararira kwazvo muchiKristudhomu?

Mifananidzo yechiKristudhomu—Yakabvepi?

Miitiro yakawanda yechihedheni yakapinzwa pakati pa“maKristu” pashure pokunonzi kutendeuka kwamambo weRoma Constantine. “Kuvambira mumazuva aConstantine,” anodaro wezvenhau worudzidziso Edwyn Bevan mubhuku rake Holy Images, “kushandiswa kweChipiyaniso sechiratidziro munyika yose yechiKristu kwakava kunozivikanwa navose uye zvimiro zvokunamata zvakakurumidza kutaurwa kwachiri.” Ikoku kwakagadzirira nzira zvimwe zvimiro zvokunamata mifananidzo. Bhuku rimwe chetero rinoti: “Kunoratidzika kuva kunobvira kuti pamberi pokupiwa kwokunamata kuzvifananidzo nemifananidzo muitiro wakanga wapinda wokunamata chiratidzo cheChipiyaniso, icho chimene . . . chisingawanwi pamifananidzo yechiKristu kana kuti zvinhu zvounyanzvi hworudzidziso Constantine asati agadza muenzaniso [mumureza wehondo unobatanidza chipiyaniso].”

Ichi chinoitika chakapfuurira. Muzana ramakore rechisere N.V, John weDhamasko, anorangarirwa kuva “musande” nechechi dzeRoma Katurike neEastern Orthodox, akanyora, kuti: “Sezvo vanaBaba vatsvene vakaparadza matembere nedzimba dzavanadhiabhorosi, uye vakamisa munzvimbo dzazvo dzimba muzita ravaSande uye isu tichivanamata, vakaparadzawo mifananidzo yavanadhiabhorosi, uye munzvimbo yayo vakamisa mifananidzo yaKristu, uye Amai vaMwari, uye Vasande.”

Kuna ikoku, Thomas Aquinas, “musande” weRoma Katurike wezana ramakore rechi 13, akawedzera, kuti: “Ruremekedzo rumwe cheterwo runofanira kuratidzirwa kumufananidzo waKristu nokuna Kristu Amene . . . Chipiyaniso chinonamatwa nokunamatwa kumwe cheteko naKristu, ndiko kuti, nokunamatwa kwelatria [tsananguro yeKaturike yechimiro chakakwirira zvikurusa chokunamata], uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho tinotaura ndokukumbira Chipiyaniso sezvatinongoita Akarovererwa paChipiyaniso Amene.”

Aquinas achiri kurangarirwa somugoveri anokosha kudzidziso yo“kunamatwa kwemifananidzo.” Mukuwirirana neNew Catholic Encyclopedia, “kunamatwa kwemifananidzo” kwaitofanira kumumirira “kuti kuwane kutsanangurwa kwako kwakazara zvikurusa.” Kunyanguvezvo, kuri pachena kuti kunamata mifananidzo “kwechiKristu” kwakangobatira zvako kutsiva kunamata mifananidzo kwechihedheni.

Kururamisa Kushandiswa Kwemifananidzo Yorudzidziso

Vazhinji nhasi vanoremekedza mifananidzo yorudzidziso vangaramba kunzi vanamati vemifananidzo. Kuramba kwavo kuzita rakadaro, zvisinei, hakusi kutsva. Muzana ramakore rechina, anonzi Augustine Musande akanyomba kurangarira kwavaisava maKristu vainamata zvidhori, achiti: “Kune murambi akati uyo anoratidzika kwaari amene kuva akadzidza, uye anoti, handinamati ibwe iroro, kana kuti mufananidzo iwowo uyo usina pfungwa; . . . Handinamati uyu mufananidzo; asi ndinonamata chandinoona, uye ndinobatira wandisingaoni.” Namamwe mashoko, ivo vaiti vanonamata bedzi munhu asingaoneki anomirirwa nezvidhori zvavo. “Kupfurikidza nokupa iyi nhauro yemifananidzo yavo,” Augustine akawedzera kuti, “ivo vanoratidzika kwavari vamene kuva varambi vanokwanisa, nemhaka yokuti havanamati zvidhori, asi vanonamata vanadhiabhorosi.”—Expositions on the Book of Psalms rakanyorwa naAugustine, Pisarema xcvii 9.

Kunyange zvazvo vafundisi veRoma Katurike vakakurumidza kushurikidza kunamata zvidhori kwechihedheni, pakunouya kukushandisa kwavo vamene mifananidzo, ivo kazhinji kazhinji vakatendeukira kururamiso dzimene idzo anonzi muhedheni akashandisa. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro pemifananidzo yaKristu, Maria, uye “vasande,” Council yeTrent yezana ramakore rechi 16, yakazivisa kuti: “Rukudzo rwakafanira noruremekedzo zvinofanira kuipiwa; kwete, zvisinei kuti umwari hupi nohupi kana kuti runako runodavirwa kuva mairi nechikonzero chainoremekedzerwa.” Neiko, ipapoka, pane ruremekedzo? “Nemhaka yokuti rukudzo runoiratidzwa,” rakatsanangura kudaro dare racho, “runonongedzerwa kumifananidzo yainomirira, zvokuti kupfurikidza nemifananidzo yatinotsvoda uye pamberi payo tinofukura misoro ndokuzvizvambaradza timene, tinonamata Kristu ndokuremekedza vasande, vakafanana nayo.”

Kusvikira kuzuva rino Chechi yeRoma Katurike inopfuurira kururamisa kunamata zvidhori pazvikonzero zvimwe chetezvo: kuti mifananidzo inongova zvayo mutoo wokunangidzira nawo ngwariro pawokudenga anomirirwa nayo uye kuti hakuna runako kana kuti simba rinogara mumifananidzo. Kunyanguvezvo, ikoku kwakabvumikisa kuva kwechokwadi chaizvoizvo kusvikira patambanukoi? Ko vose vanoshandisa mifananidzo vanodavira chaizvoizvo here kuti hakuna ‘umwari kana kuti runako rwuri mairi’?

Mifananidzo—Murangariro Womunamati

MuSeville, Spain, makwikwi okunyanyisa aripo pakati pavateveri veMhandara la Macarena neMhandara de la Esperanza. MuCathedral yeChartres, France, mune Mhandara nhatu—Ngosikadzi Yedu yePillar, Ngosikadzi Yedu yeCrypt, uye Ngosikadzi yedu ye“Belle Verriere”—imwe neimwe ichiva navatsigiri vayo imene. Sezviri pachena vanamati vanopwiswa kuti mufananidzo wavo waMadonna wakati kurei kumimwe mifananidzo—kunyange zvazvo mifananidzo yose iri mitatu ichimirira munhu mumwe cheteyo! Nenzira yakajeka, ipapoka, namato iri kupiwa, kwete kuchinomirirwa, asi kumifananidzo imene.

Naizvozvo, icho Chechi yeRoma Katurike inopembedza sokunamata kune mwero kazhinji kazhinji chinova kunamatwa chaikoiko kwomufananidzo. Ungwaru hwavafundisi hunoreva zvishomanene zvikuru nemhaka yamazana amakore okushandisa chaikoiko.

Chii Chinotaura Bhaibheri?

Zano reBhaibheri rinopokanidza rondedzero dzavafundisi. Mwari akajekesa kuna Israeri wakare kuti kunamata zvidhori kwakanga kuchishurikidzwa chose chose. (Eksodho 20:4, 5; Dheuteronomio 4:15-19) Chokwadi, mifananidzo yakati, zvakadai senyoka yendarama iyo Mosesi akaita, zvaibvumidzwa. Kukotama mukunamatwa kwezvinhu zvakadaro, kunyanguvezvo, kwairambidzwa chose chose.—Numeri 21:9; 2 Madzimambo 18:1, 4.

Padzimwe nguva Israeri haana kuteerera ichi chirambidzo pakunamata zvidhori. Somuenzaniso, paSinai, Israeri akaita mhuru yendarama yokunamata. Kwakanga kwakaipa sei kuti ivo ‘vachinjanise mbiri yaMwari nomufananidzo wehandira, mudyi wemiriwo’! (Pisarema 106:20, NW) Asi kufanana naverudzidziso vakati nhasi, ivo vaiti vanonamata, kwete handira, asi Mwari amene! “‘Heuno Mwari wenyu, Israeri,’ ivo vakadaro ‘uyo akakubudisai munyika yeEgipita!’” (Eksodho 32:1-5) Jehovha, zvisinei, haana kushivirira uku kunamata “kune mwero,” uku kudzokera kwakajeka kurudzidziso rweEgipita. (Mabasa 7:39-41) Iko kwakapunza zvakananga sungano yavakanga vapinda mairi paSinai, uye kwakapinza Israeri mungozi yokuparadzanywa.—Eksodho 32:9, 10, 30-35; Dheuteronomio 4:23.

Neiko, kunyanguvezvo, Jehovha Mwari akashora zvakasimba kudaro mifananidzo? Kutanga, mifananidzo haina simba; iyo haisi chinhu. (Dheuteronomio 32:21a; Pisarema 31:6) Jeremia akataura kuti iyo yakanga yakafanana nembiru dzakavezwa, dzisina chifemo madziri. (Jeremia 10:5, 14) Isaya nenzira yakafanana akanyomba avo vanoshandisa rutivi rwomuti kubatidza mwoto wokubikisa uye rumwe rutivi kuita mwari. Muporofita anonyevera kuti vanamati vezvidhori vakadaro “havazivi, uye havarangariri, nokuti wakanamira meso avo, kuti varege kuona, nemwoyo yavo, kuti varege kunzwisisa.”—Isaya 44:13-18.

Ngozi imwe inouraya zvikuru yakabatanidzwa nokunamata mifananidzo ndiko kubvira kwomufananidzo kubatira senzvimbo yokuonana nayo namasimba amadhemoni. Wezvamapisarema akati nezvavaIsraeri: “Vakashumira zvifananidzo zvavo; izvo zvikava musungo kwavari. Zvirokwazvo, vakabaira mweya yakaipa vanakomana vavo navanasikana vavo.” (Pisarema 106:35-37; enzanisa naRevhitiko 17:7; Dheuteronomio 32:17.) Somuuyo, nzira yakazarurwa yemimwe miitiro yokutenda mashura, yokutenda midzimu. Mumwe muenzaniso ndiuya waMambo Manase, uyo akamutsidzira kunamata zvidhori muna Israeri. Somuuyo, “akavakira hondo dzose dzokudenga atari muvazhe mbiri dzeTembere” uye “akashandisa kufembera namashiripiti.”—2 Madzimambo 21:1-6.

Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki anonyevera nezvengozi dzimwe chetedzo. The New Bible Dictionary, rinoti: “Testamende Yekare inoramba kunamata zvidhori . . . inoziva zvokwadi mbiri dzimwe chetedzo idzo Pauro aizosimbisa gare gare: kuti chidhori chakanga chisiri chinhu, asi kuti kunyanguvezvo kwakanga kune simba romudzimu ramadhemoni rokurwisana naro, uye kuti chidhori naizvozvo chaiumba ngozi yomudzimu yakananga.” Pauro akanyora, kuti: “Isu tinoziva kuti zvidhori hazvibvi chaizvoizvo munyika uye kuti hakuna Mwari kunze kwoMumwe.” Asi gare gare iye akanyevera, kuti: “Zvibairo izvo ivo vanopa vanobaira kumadhemoni ayo asiri Mwari. Handina chishuvo chokukuonai muhumwe namadhemoni.”—1 VaKorinte 8:4; 10:19, 20.

Hungu, masimba akaipa omudzimu anodisa kupinza vanhu muudzori hwawo. Pauro akanyora, kuti: “Nokuti hatifaniri kurwisana navavengi vohunhu, asi kurwisana navanaChangamire naMasimba anobva murima renyika ino, hondo yomudzimu yavakaipa vari mumatenga.” (VaEfeso 6:12) Kunamata mifananidzo yorudzi rupi norupi naizvozvo kunouraya nzwisiso dzomudzimu dzomunhu, kunokurudzira kutenda mashura, uye kunoyamura kushandiswa navatongi vamashiripiti verima rino, nyika yakaipa.

Kunamata ‘Muzvokwadi’

Vanhu vazhinji vakatendeseka vanoshandisa mifananidzo kuswedera pedyo zvikuru noMunzwi womunyengetero. Kuswedera pedyo naMwari kunodikanwa. Asi takasununguka here kusarudza mutoo wedu timene wokusvika? Zvirokwazvo tinofanira kutsvaka kusvika kunofadza Mwari, kwete kwedu timene. Jesu akati: “Ndini Nzira, Zvokwadi noUpenyu. Hakuna munhu anogona kuuya kuna Baba kunze kwokwandiri.” (Johane 14:6) Ikoku kwaizodzivisa kushandisa kunamata mifananidzo. Jesu akadzidzisazve, kuti: “Asi nguva ichasvika—kutaura idi yatosvika—apo vanamati vechokwadi vachanamata Baba mumudzimu nezvokwadi: irworwo ndirwo rudzi rwomunamati Baba vanoda. Mwari mudzimu, uye avo vanonamata vanofanira kunamata mumudzimu nezvokwadi.”—Johane 4:23, 24.

Ko munhu uyo ari mudzimu anogona kumirirwa nomufananidzo unooneka here? Kwete. Pasinei zvapo nokuti mufananidzo wacho ungava unoorora sei, hautongogoni kuwirirana nembiri yaMwari. Naizvozvo mufananidzo waMwari haungatongogoni kuva wechokwadi. (Enzanisa naVaRoma 1:22, 23.) Ko munhu naizvozvo aizova ‘achinamata muzvokwadi’ here kana iye akasvika Mwari kupfurikidza nomufananidzo wakati wenhema?

Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakabetsera zviuru zvavanhu kusiya miitiro yokunamata zvidhori ndokuva ‘rudzi rwavanamati urwo Baba vanoda.’ Pashure pokuratidzwa muBhaibheri kurangarira kunoita Mwari mifananidzo, vazhinji vakasundwa kubvisa mifananidzo mumisha yavo nechimiro chavo chokunamata. (Enzanisa naDheuteronomio 7:25.) Chokwadi, kwave kusiri nyore nguva dzose kuti vakadai vaite saizvozvo. Asi ivo vakasundwa nechishuvo chechokwadi chokusanonamatira kuShoko raMwari Bhaibheri, iro rinoraira maKristu echokwadi, kuti: “Vana, ngwarirai vamwari venhema [chaizvoizvo, zvidhori].”—1 Johane 5:21, mashoko omuzasi.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 7]

Ko ‘“Icons” Hadzitongovi Zvidhori’ Here?

“Icon” inonongedzera kurudzi chairwo rwomufananidzo, ndiko kuti, mifananidzo yakanyorwa yorudzidziso inoremekedzwa nemitezo yeChechi yeEastern Orthodox. Mimwe mifananidzo yaKristu; mimwe inomirira Utatu, Maria, “vasande,” kana kuti ngirozi. Kufanana navaRoma Katurike, vafundisi veOrthodox vanoruramisa kuremekedzwa kweicons sechiito chine mwero icho chinopfuudza kuzvipira kuwokudenga anomirirwa. “Icon,” anodaro mufundisi weRussia, Sergey Bulgakov, “inongoramba bedzi iri chinhu uye haitongovi chidhori kana kuti chinhu chinonamatwa.”

Panguva imwe cheteyo, kunyanguvezvo, Chechi yeEastern Orthodox inodzidzisa kuti icon inogona kuunza betsero chaidzo kumunamati uyo anonyengetera ari pamberi payo, chero bedzi icon yacho “yakatsveneswa” nechechi. “Muitiro wokukomborerwa kweicon,” anodaro Bulgakov mubhuku rake The Orthodox Church, “unosimbisa batano pakati pomufananidzo nomufananidzo wawo, pakati peicho chinomirirwa nomufananidzo wacho umene. Kupfurikidza nokukomborerwa kweicon yaKristu, musangano wakavanzika wavakatendeka naKristu unobviriswa. Ndikumwe cheteko neicons dzeMhandara naVasande; icons dzavo, mumwe angadaro, dzinorebesa upenyu hwavo pano pasi.”

Kupfuurirazve, icons dzaMaria dzinodavirwa kuva dzine masimba enenji. “Kunyange zvazvo iye achiramba ari mudenga,” anodaro Bulgakov, “iye achiri kurarama nesu upenyu hwenyika yedu, anotambura nokutambura kwayo, uye anochema nemisodzi yayo. Iye anoreverera nyika pamberi pechigaro chaMwari. Iye anozvizivisa amene kunyika ari muicons dzake dzinoita zvishamiso.”