Ganhuro 27

Kudhinda Nokuparadzira Shoko Rinoyera Ramwari Amene

KUNZE kwechivako chikuru chefekitari chiri padzimbahwe razvo renyika, Zvapupu zvaJehovha kwamakumi amakore zvakaratidzira chiratidzo chinokurudzira munhu ari wose, kuti: “Rava Shoko raMwari Bhaibheri Dzvene Zuva Nezuva.”

Izvo zvimene vadzidzi vanoshingaira veShoko raMwari. Mumakore ose akapfuura zvakashandisa shanduro dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzeBhaibheri mukuedza kunzvera pfungwa chaiyo yaMagwaro akafuridzirwa apakuvamba. Chapupu chiri chose chinokurudzirwa kuva nepurogiramu yomunhu oga yokurava Bhaibheri kwezuva nezuva. Mukuwedzera kufundo yazvo yemisoro yeShoko raMwari, zvinorava nenzira inofambira mberi ndokukurukura Bhaibheri rimene mumisangano yazvo yeungano. Vavariro yazvo haisati iri yokutsvaka magwaro okutsigira mifungo yazvo. Zvinoziva Bhaibheri seShoko rakafurudzirwa raMwari amene. Zvinoziva kuti rinopa tsiuro nechirango, uye zvinoedza zvapachokwadi kuwiriranisa kufunga kwazvo nomufambiro nezvarinotaura.—2 Tim. 3:16, 17; enzanisa na1 VaTesaronika 2:13.

Nemhaka yokupwiswa kwazvo kuti Bhaibheri iShoko rinoyera raMwari amene uye nemhaka yokuti zvinoziva mashoko akanaka ane mbiri arinawo, Zvapupu zvaJehovha vabudisi vanoshingairawo navaparadziri veBhaibheri.

Sosaiti Inobudisa maBhaibheri

Makanga muri muna 1896 apo nongedzero yakananga kuBhaibheri yakabatanidzwa pamutemo muzita resangano rapamutemo rakanga richishandiswa panguva iyoyo naVadzidzi veBhaibheri mubasa ravo rokubudisa mabhuku. Panguva iyoyo Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society yakasvika pakuzivikanwa pamutemo seWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society.a Sosaiti yacho haina kamwe kamwe kuva mudhindi neanobhainda maBhaibheri, asi yakanga iri mubudisi anoshingaira wawo, ichinzvera udzame, ichigovera mativi okuwedzera anokosha, uye ipapo kuronga nemafemu ezvokutengeserana kudhinda nokubhainda.

Kunyange 1896 asati asvika, Sosaiti yakanga ichiita zvakawanda somuparadziri weBhaibheri. Kwete nokuda kwemhindu yezvokutengeserana asi sebasa kuvaravi varo, yakakwevera ngwariro kushanduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzeBhaibheri idzo dzakanga dzichiwanika, yakadzitenga muzvitsama zvikuru kuti igowana mitengo yakanaka, uye ipapo yakaaita kuti awanike nokuda kwomutengo uyo pane dzimwe nguva wakanga uri 35 muzana bedzi yomutengo wenguva dzose. Zvakabatanidzwa pakati paidzodzi zvakanga zviri zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveKing James Version izvo zvakanga zviri nyore kutakura ndokushandisa, uyewo ma‘Teachers’ Bibles’ makuru zvikuru (King James Version ine betsero dzakadai sekonikodhenzi, mamepu, nongedzero dzomumucheto), The Emphatic Diaglott neshanduro yayo kubva muchiGiriki kuisa muchiNgezi iri pakati pemitsetse, shanduro yaLeeser iyo yakaisa mashoko echiNgezi pamwe chete nechiHebheru, shanduro yaMurdock kubva muchiSyriac chekare, The Newberry Bible nenongedzero dzaro dzomumucheto idzo dzaikwevera ngwariro kukuoneka kwezita raMwari mumutauro wapakuvamba pamwe chete nohumwe udzame hunokosha hunoratidzirwa murugwaro rwechiHebheru nerwechiGiriki, New Testament yaTischendorf nenongedzero dzayo dzomuzasi kuzvokurava zvakasiyana-siyana mumatatu amanyoro akazara zvikurusa eBhaibheri echiGiriki (Sinaitic, Vatican, uye Alexandrine), Variorum Bible nemashoko aro omuzasi anoronga kwete bedzi zvokurava zvakasiyana-siyana asiwo shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvikamu zvamashoko dzakaitwa nenyanzvi dzakakurumbira, uye shanduro chaiyoiyo yaYoung. Sosaiti yakaitawo kuti betsero dzakadai seCruden’s Concordance neAnalytical Concordance yaYoung netsinhiro dzayo pachiHebheru chapakuvamba namashoko echiGiriki dziwanike. Mumakore akatevera, kupote nyika yose Zvapupu zvaJehovha nguva dzose zvakawana kubva kune dzimwe sosaiti dzemaBhaibheri zviuru zvakawanda zvemaBhaibheri mumitauro ipi neipi yakanga ichiwanika ndokuparadzira iwaya.

Pakuvamba sa1890, maererano noufakazi hunowanika, Sosaiti yakaronga kudhindwa chaiko, kwaiva nezita rayo imene, kweChinyorwa Chechipiri cheThe New Testament Newly Translated and Critically Emphasised, seyakagadzirwa nomushanduri weBhaibheri weBritain Joseph B. Rotherham. Neiko iyi shanduro? Nemhaka yokuva kwayo chaiyoiyo nokuedza kwayo kubetserwa zvizere nenzvero yakanga yaitwa kutanga mashoko akarurama zvikuru echiGiriki uye nemhaka yokuti muravi aibetserwa nezvishandiso zvakashandiswa nomushanduri kuziva kuti mashoko api kana kuti kutaura zvakapiwa simbiso chaiyo murugwaro rwechiGiriki.

Muna 1902 kudhindwa chaiko kweHolman Linear Parallel Edition of the Bible kwakaitwa kupfurikidza negadziriro yeWatch Tower Society. Yaiva nemicheto mikuru umo maiva nenongedzero dzakadhindwa kunzvimbo dziri muzvinyorwa zveWatch Tower umo ndima dzakasiyana-siyana dzaitsanangurwa, uyewo indekisi inoronga nhau dzakawanda pamwe chete nenongedzero dzaMagwaro nenongedzero dzinobetsera kuzvinyorwa zveSosaiti. Iri Bhaibheri raiva namashoko eshanduro mbiri—kushandura kweKing James pamusoro pouko kweRevised Version uko kwakanga kune musiyano upi noupi. Rakabatanidzawo konikodhenzi huru iyo yaisvinudzira mushandisi kurevo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemashoko omutauro wapakuvamba.

Gore rimwe chetero, Watch Tower Society yakava nemaplate okudhinda eThe Emphatic Diaglott, ayo anobatanidza mashoko echiGiriki aJ. J. Griesbach aMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki (chinyorwa cha1796-1806) pamwe chete neshanduro yechiNgezi pakati pemitsetse. Pamwe chete naiyoyi pakanga pane kushandurwa kwemashoko kwakaitwa naBenjamin Wilson akaberekerwa kuBritain, uyo akanga ave kugara muGeneva, Illinois, U.S.A. Maplate iwayo nemaruramiro ose okubudisa zvakanga zvatengwa ipapo ndokupiwa sechipo kuSosaiti. Pashure pokunge makopi akanga achitova mudura atumirwa kunze, gadziriro dzakaitwa neSosaiti dzokuti mamwe abudiswe, uye iwayo akawanika muna 1903.

Makore mana gare gare, muna 1907, Chinyorwa chaVadzidzi veBhaibheri cheKing James Version chakabudiswa. “Berean Bible Teachers’ Manual” rakabatanidzwa nacho, sewedzero. Iyoyi yakabatanidza tsinhiro pfupi pandima dzomumativi ose eBhaibheri, pamwe chete nenongedzero kuzvinyorwa zveWatch Tower nokuda kwetsananguro yakazara zvikuru. Chinyorwa chine wedzero yakakudzwa chakabudiswa rinenge gore gare gare.

Aya maBhaibheri aiodwa kuvadhindi navabhaindi muzvitsama zviri pakati pe5 000 ne10 000 panguva, kuti vagochengeta ndyiko yakaderera. Sosaiti yakanga ichidisa kuita mhatsa yeshanduro dzeBhaibheri nezvishandiswa zvinowirirana zvenzvero zvaiwanika nenzira iri nyore kuvanhu vakawanda zvikuru sevangabvira.

Ipapo, muna 1926 Watch Tower Society yakaita nhano huru yokufambira mberi mukubatanidzwa kwayo mukubudisa maBhaibheri.

Kudhinda Bhaibheri Pamichina Yokudhinda Yedu Timene

Akanga ari makore 36 pashure pokunge yatanga kubudisa maBhaibheri apo Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society yakadhinda ndokubhainda Bhaibheri mufekitari yayo imene. Rokutanga rakabudiswa kudaro rakanga riri The Emphatic Diaglott, rine maplate ayo Sosaiti yakanga yava nawo kwemakore 24. Muna December 1926 iri Bhaibheri rakadhindwa pamuchina wokudhinda weflatbed mufekitari yeSosaiti yomuConcord Street muBrooklyn. Kusvikira zvino, 427 924 aiwaya akabudiswa.

Makore gumi namatanhatu gare gare, pakati peHondo Yenyika II, Sosaiti yakadhinda Bhaibheri rose. Nechinangwa ichochi, maplate eKing James Version ane nongedzero dzomumucheto akatengwa muna 1942 kubva kuA. J. Holman Company, yePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania. Iyi shanduro yeBhaibheri rakazara kuisa muchiNgezi yakabudiswa, kwete kubva muVulgate yechiLatin, asi kupfurikidza nenyanzvi idzo dzaikwanisa kuenzanisa shanduro dzapakuvamba zvikuru nechiHebheru chapakuvamba, chiAramaic, uye chiGiriki. Konikodhenzi, yakagadzirwa navabatiri vanoshandira pamwe chete vanopfuura 150 vaJehovha, yakawedzerwa. Iyoyi yakagadzirirwa zvikurukuru kubetsera Zvapupu zvaJehovha kuwana magwaro akarurama nokukurumidza pazvinenge zviri muushumiri hwomumunda nokudaro ndokushandisa Bhaibheri nenzira inobudirira se“munondo womudzimu,” kugura ndokufumura nhema dzorudzidziso. (VaEf. 6:17, NW) Kuita kuti Bhaibheri rigowanika kuvanhu kwose kwose pamutengo wakaderera, rakadhindwa pamuchina wokudhinda weweb rotary—chimwe chinhu chakanga chisina kutongoedzwa navamwe vadhindi veBhaibheri. Pakasvika 1992, hwerengedzo ye1 858 368 yeaya maBhaibheri yakanga yabudiswa.

Chishuvo cheZvapupu zvaJehovha chakapfuura zvikuru kusvitsa makopi eBhaibheri, bhuku iro rimene, mumaoko avanhu. Zvapupu zvaida kubetsera vanhu kusvika pakuziva zita rake amene, pamwe chete nechinangwa, zvomunyori waro woumwari, Jehovha Mwari. Pakanga pane imwe shanduro muchiNgezi—American Standard Version ya1901—iyo yakashandisa zita raMwari munzvimbo dzinopfuura 6 870 umo rakawanika mumanyuko umo vashanduri vakashandura vachitora. Muna 1944, pashure pemwedzi yakati yekurukurirano, Watch Tower Society yakatenga maruramiro okuita makopi amaplate makuru eiri Bhaibheri kubva pamaplate nemadhindire zvakagoverwa neThomas Nelson and Sons, yeNew York. Mukati memakore 48 akatevera, makopi 1 039 482 akabudiswa.

Steven Byington, weBallard Vale, Massachusetts, U.S.A., akanga aitawo shanduro yechiNgezi chazvino yeBhaibheri iyo yakapa zita raMwari nzvimbo yaro yakarurama. Watch Tower Society yakava nemanyoro ake asina kubudiswa muna 1951 ndokuwana maruramiro azere ekubudisa muna 1961. Shanduro iyoyo yakazara yakadhindwa muna 1972. Kusvikira muna 1992, pakanga pava ne262 573 akabudiswa.

Munguvayi, zvisinei, kumwe kubudirira kwakanga kuchiitika.

Kubudisa New World Translation

Pakanga pari pakuvamba muna October 1946 apo Nathan H. Knorr, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ari purezidhendi weWatch Tower Society, akatanga kukarakadza kuti Sosaiti ibudise shanduro itsva yaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Basa chairoiro pashanduro rakatanga pana December 2, 1947. Mashoko akazara akahwirudzurwa nokungwarira nedare rose reshanduro, vose vavo vaKristu vakazodzwa nomudzimu. Ipapo, pana September 3, 1949, Hama Knorr vakaunganidza musangano waibatanidza vose vedare ravatungamiriri resangano reSosaiti reNew York nerePennsylvania. Ivo vakazivisa kwavari kuti Dare Reshanduro yeBhaibheri Yenyika Itsva rakanga rapedza basa pashanduro yomutauro wazvino yaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki uye yakanga yaipa kuSosaiti nokuda kwokubudisa.b Iyi yakanga iri shanduro itsva kubva muchiGiriki chapakuvamba.

Pakanga pane kudikanwa chaizvoizvo kweimwe shanduro here? Nechekare panguva iyoyo, Bhaibheri rakazara rakanga rabudiswa mumitauro 190, uye runenge zvarwo rutivi rwaro rwakanga rwashandurirwa mumitauro yokuwedzera 928 netwumitauro. Zvapupu zvaJehovha panguva dzakasiyana-siyana zvakashandisa dzakawanda zvikurusa dzeidzi shanduro. Asi idi nderokuti dzakawanda zvikurusa dzaidzodzi dzakaitwa navakuru vakuru vorudzidziso navafundisi vamasekete orudzidziso echiKristudhomu, uye kusvikira kumwero yakasiyana-siyana shanduro dzavo dzakapesvedzerwa nouzivi hwechihedheni namagamuchidzanwa asiri apamagwaro ayo tsika dzavo dzorudzidziso dzakanga dzagara nhaka kubva munguva yakapfuura pamwe chete nekuva nekwekwakarerekera kwokutsoropodzwa kwamanyoro eBhaibheri. Zvakare, manyoro ekare neakavimbika zvikuru eBhaibheri akanga achiva anowanika. Mutauro wechiGiriki womuzana rokutanga ramakore wakanga uchiva unonzwisisika zvakajeka zvikuru somugumisiro wezviwanwa zvesayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo. Uyewo, mitauro umo shanduro dzinoitwa dzichiiswa mairi inochinja mukufamba kwemakore.

Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvaida shanduro yaibatanidza betsero dzounyanzvi hwazvino zvikurusa, uhwo hwakanga husina kupesvedzerwa nezvitendero namagamuchidzanwa zvechiKristudhomu, shanduro chaiyoiyo iyo yaipa nenzira yokutendeka zviri mumanyoro apakuvamba uye naizvozvo yaigona kugovera hwaro hwekukura kunopfuurira muzivo yezvokwadi youmwari, shanduro yaizova yakajeka neinonzwisisika kuvaravi vomuzuva razvino. New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures, yakabudiswa muna 1950, yakagovera chinodikanwa ichocho—toti hedu nokuda kworutivi irworwo rweBhaibheri. Sezvo Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakavamba kuishandisa, vakawanda vakafadzwa kwete bedzi nemhaka yokuti vakawana mutauro wayo womuzuva razvino uri nyore zvikuru kurava asi nemhaka yokuti vakaziva kuti vakanga vachiwana nzwisiso yakajeka zvikuru yomufungo weShoko rakafuridzirwa raMwari.

Rumwe rwamativi akatanhamara rweiyi shanduro kudzorera kwayo zita raMwari, zita rake amene raMwari, Jehovha, ka237 muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Iyi yakanga isiri shanduro yokutanga kudzorera zita racho.c Asi ingave yakava yokutanga kukuita nenzira inowirirana mumashoko makuru kubva muna Mateo kusvikira muna Zvakazarurwa. Kurukurirano huru yeiyi nhau mumashoko esumo yakaratidza hwaro hwakanaka hwezvakaitwa.

Pashure pacho, Magwaro echiHebheru akashandurirwa muchiNgezi ndokubudiswa nenzira inofambira mberi, mumavhoriyamu mashanu akaparadzana, kuvambira muna 1953. Sezvakanga zvaitwa naMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, ngwariro yakashandiswa kupa chaizvoizvo sezvinobvira zvakanga zviri mumashoko omutauro wapakuvamba. Ngwariro chaiyo yakapiwa kukuita kuti kushanda kwacho kufanane, kuchipa zvakarurama chiito kana kuti mamirire ezvinhu anoratidzirwa muzviito, uye kuchishandisa mutauro wakapfava uyo waizonzwisiswa nenzira iri nyore navaravi vomuzuva razvino. Papi kana papi apo Tetragrammaton yaiwanika mumashoko echiHebheru, yaishandurwa nenzira yakarurama sezita rake amene raMwari, panzvimbo pokutsiviwa nerimwe shoko sezvakanga zvava kuzivikanwa navose mudzimwe shanduro dzakawanda. Nyaya dzeapendikisi nemashoko omuzasi muaya mavhoriyamu zvakagonesa vadzidzi vanongwarira kunzvera hwaro hwekushandura kwakashandiswa.

Pana March 13, 1960, Dare Reshanduro yeBhaibheri Yenyika Itsva rakapedza kurava kwaro kwokupedzisira mashoko echikamu cheBhaibheri chakanga chakagadzirwa nokuda kwevhoriyamu yechishanu. Iwayo akanga ari makore 12, mwedzi 3, uye mazuva 11 pashure pokunge kushandurwa chaikoiko kweMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki kwakavamba. Mwedzi mishomanene gare gare, vhoriyamu yokupedzisira iyoyo yaMagwaro echiHebheru, yakadhindwa, yakabudiswa nokuda kwokuparadzira.

Panzvimbo pokuparadzana pashure pokunge basa iroro rapedzwa, dare rokushandura rakapfuurira kushanda. Kuhwirudzurwa kukuru kweshanduro yose kwakaitwa. Ipapo, New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures yakazara, chinyorwa chakahwirudzurwa chiri muvhoriyamu imwe, chakabudiswa neWatch Tower Society muna 1961. Yakaitwa kuti iwanike nokuda kwokuparadzira nokuda kwedhora (reUnited States) rimwe chete zvokuti munhu ari wose, pasinei zvapo nemamirire ake ezvinhu ezvemari, aizokwanisa kuwana kopi yeShoko raMwari.

Makore maviri gare gare chinyorwa chaicho chavadzidzi chakabudiswa. Ichochi chakabatanidza mubutiro rimwe mavhoriyamu mamwe namamwe apakuvamba, asina kuhwirudzurwa, nezviuru zvawo zvemashoko omuzasi anokosha amagwaro, pamwe chete nekurukurirano yamashoko esumo neyeapendikisi. Chakachengetawo nongedzero dzinokosha idzo dzaitungamirira varavi kumashoko anowirirana, mifungo inowirirana kana kuti zviitiko, mashoko enhau youpenyu, udzame hwejogirafi, kuzadzikwa kwouporofita, uye kunokorwa kwamashoko kwakananga mumamwe mativi eBhaibheri kana kuti kubva maari.

Sezvo chinyorwa chevhoriyamu imwe cha1961 chakabudiswa, mana okuwedzera akahwirudzurwa anowirirana nomusi akagoverwa. Razvino zvikurusa raiwaya raiva muna 1984, apo chinyorwa chine mabhii makuru chine apendikisi huru, nongedzero dzokumucheto 125 000, mashoko omuzasi anopa zivo 11 400, uye konikodhenzi yakabudiswa. Mativi eichi chinyorwa anobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa chikonzero nei mashoko akasiyana-siyana achifanira kushandurwa nenzira yakati kuti agova akarurama, pamwe chete neapo mashoko anogona kushandurwa zvakarurama nomutoo unopfuura mumwe. Nongedzero dzinovabetserawo kunzwisisa tsinhirano inobatanidza pakati pamabhuku akasiyana-siyana eBhaibheri.

Sorutivi rwenhamburiko yapachokwadi yeDare Reshanduro yeBhaibheri Yenyika Itsva rwokubetsera vadi veShoko raMwari kurovedzana nezviri mukati zvamashoko echiKoine chapakuvamba (chiGiriki chavose) chaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, dare racho rakabudisa The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures. Iyoyi yakatanga kubudiswa neWatch Tower Society muna 1969 uye ipapo yakawiriraniswa nomusi muna 1985. Ine The New Testament in the Original Greek, seyakarongwa naB. F. Westcott naF. J. A. Hort. Kurutivi rworudyi rwepeji yacho kunooneka mashoko eNew World Translation (yakahwirudzurwa ya1984 muchinyorwa chakawiriraniswa nomusi). Asi ipapo, pakati pemitsetse yamashoko echiGiriki, pane imwe shanduro, shanduro chaiyoiyo, yeshoko neshoko yeizvo chiGiriki chinotaura chaizvoizvo maererano nerevo huru nechimiro chegirama cheshoko rimwe nerimwe. Ikoku kunogonesa kunyange vadzidzi vasingagoni kurava chiGiriki kunzvera chiri chaizvoizvo mumashoko apakuvamba echiGiriki.

Iri basa paNew World Translation rakanga richizobetsera avo bedzi vaigona kurava chiNgezi here? Munzvimbo dzakawanda vafundisi veWatch Tower vakanga vachikuwana kwakaoma kuwana maBhaibheri akakwana omutauro womunzvimbomo okuparadzira kuvanhu vaida kopi yomunhu oga yeShoko raMwari. Kwakanga kusati kuri kwechienzi, mune mamwe mativi enyika, kuti ava vafundisi vave vaparadziri vakuru vemaBhaibheri akadhindwa nedzimwe sosaiti dzemaBhaibheri. Asi ikoko kwakanga kusingarangarirwi zvakanaka nguva dzose navashandi vezvorudzidziso avo vaimirira sosaiti idzodzo dzemaBhaibheri. Uyezve, mamwe eaya maBhaibheri akanga asiri shanduro dzakanakisisa.

Kushandurirwa Mumimwe Mitauro

Gore iro New World Translation yakatanga kuoneka muvhoriyamu rimwe, ndiko kuti, 1961, rimwe boka ravashanduri vane unyanzvi rakaunganidzwa kuzoshandurira mashoko echiNgezi mumimwe mitauro mitanhatu yaishandiswa zvikuru—chiDutch, chiFrench, chiGerman, chiItalian, chiPutukezi, uye chiSpanish. Kushandurazve kubva muchiNgezi, kwakawedzerwa kupfurikidza nokuenzanisa nechiHebheru nechiGiriki, kwaibvira nemhaka yokuva chaiyoiyo kweshanduro yechiNgezi imene. Vashanduri vakashanda sedare ramarudzi akawanda vakabatana neDare Reshanduro yeBhaibheri Yenyika Itsva, padzimbahwe reSosaiti muBrooklyn, New York. Muna 1963 Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki akadhindwa ndokubudiswa mumitauro yose mitanhatu.

Pakasvika 1992 New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures yakazara yakawanika mumitauro 12—chiCzech, chiDanish, chiDutch, chiNgezi, chiFrench, chiGerman, chiItalian, chiJapanese, chiPutukezi, chiSlovak, chiSpanish, uye chiSwedish. Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki akawanika mumimwe mitauro miviri. Ikoko kwakareva kuti iyi shanduro yakawanika mundimi dzavanhu vakaberekerwamo vane 1 400 000 000, kana kuti vanopfuura chikamu chimwe chezvina chevagari vemunyika, uye vamwe vakawanda vakanga vachibetserwa nayo kupfurikidza neshanduro dzezvikamu zvaitorwa mariri kuisa mumimwe mitauro 97 muNharireyomurindi. Avo vairava iyi mitauro 97, zvisinei, vakanga vachidisa kuva neNew World Translation yakazara mururimi rwavo vamene. Pakasvika 1992, gadziriro dzakanga dzichitoitwa dzokubudisa iyi shanduro mu16 yemitauro iyoyo uye kupedzisa Magwaro echiHebheru mumitauro 2 iyo yakanga ine Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki bedzi.

Sezvo kubudiswa kweaya maBhaibheri kwakaitwa mufekitari dzeSosaiti imene kupfurikidza navashandi vanozvipira, kwakanga kuchibvira kuaita kuti awanike pamutengo muduku. Muna 1972 apo chimwe Chapupu cheAustria chakaratidza mumwe mubhaindi wemabhuku New World Translation muchiGerman ndokumubvunza kuti aifunga kuti raizoita marii, murume wacho akashamiswa kuziva kuti mupiro wakakarakadzwa wakanga uri bedzi chikamu chimwe chegumi chomutengo waakadudza.

Mimwe mienzaniso inoratidzira kutaura kweiyi shanduro. MuFrance Chechi yeKaturike kwemazana amakore yakanga yarambidza kuti vanhuwo zvavo vave neBhaibheri. Shanduro dzeKaturike idzo dzakanga dzava kuwanika dzakanga dzichidhura zvikuru, uye misha mishomanene yakanga ine idzodzi. New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures yakabudiswa muchiFrench muna 1963, ichiteverwa neBhaibheri rakazara muna 1974. Pakasvika 1992 hwerengedzo yakabatanidzwa yamakopi 2 437 711 eNew World Translation yakanga yatumirwa nokuda kwokuparadzira muFrance; uye nhamba yeZvapupu zvaJehovha muFrance yakawedzera ne488 muzana mukati menhambo imwe chete iyoyo, ichisvika hwerengedzo ye119 674.

Mamirire acho ezvinhu akanga akafanana muItaly. Vanhu vakanga vanguve varambidzwa kuva nekopi yeBhaibheri. Pashure pokubudiswa kwechinyorwa chechiItalian cheNew World Translation uye kusvikira kuna 1992, kwakava nemakopi 3 597 220 akaparadzirwa; mazhinjisa zvikuru aiwaya akanga ari Bhaibheri rakazara. Vanhu vaida kuzvinzverera vamene chine Shoko raMwari. Nenzira inofadza, mukati menhambo imwe cheteyo, nhamba yeZvapupu zvaJehovha muItaly yakawedzera zvikuru—kubva pa7 801 kusvikira ku194 013.

Apo New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures yakaitwa kuti iwanike muchiPutukezi, makanga mune Zvapupu 30 118 chete muBrazil uye 1 798 muPortugal. Mukati memakore akatevera, kusvikira kuna 1992, hwerengedzo yamakopi 213 438 yaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki nemakopi 4 153 738 eBhaibheri rakazara muchiPutukezi akatumirwa kuvanhu vamwe navamwe neungano muidzi nyika. Chii chaiva mugumisiro wacho? MuBrazil, varumbidzi vanoshingaira vaJehovha vanopeta nekanopfuura ka11 kuwanda; uye muPortugal, vanopeta neka22 kuwanda. Makumi ezviuru zvavanhu avo vakanga vasina kutongova neBhaibheri vakaonga kuva naro, uye vamwe vakaonga kuva neBhaibheri raishandisa mashoko avaigona kunzwisisa. Apo New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References yakaitwa kuti iwanike muBrazil, zvinobudisa nhau zvakaonesa kuti yakanga iri shanduro yakazara zvikurusa (ndiko kuti, ine nongedzero dzakawanda nemashoko omuzasi) yaiwanika munyika yacho. Zvakatsinhirawo kuti kudhinda kwokutanga kwakanga kuchipeta nekagumi kukura seuko kwezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvikurusa zvamarudzi.

Chinyorwa chechiSpanish cheNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures chakabudiswawo muna 1963, chichiteverwa muna 1967 neBhaibheri rakazara. Pakanga pane makopi 527 451 aMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki akabudiswa, uye pashure pacho, kusvikira kuna 1992, hwerengedzo yemakopi 17 445 782 eBhaibheri rakazara muchiSpanish. Ikoku kwakaparira wedzero yakatanhamara munhamba yavarumbidzi vaJehovha munyika dzinotaura chiSpanish. Nokudaro, kuvambira muna 1963 kusvikira kuna 1992, munyika dzinotaura chiSpanish zvikuru uko Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinopfuudzira ushumiri hwazvo, nhamba dzazvo dzakakura kubva pa82 106 kusvikira ku942 551. Uye muUnited States, muna 1992, makanga mune zvimwe Zvapupu zvaJehovha 130 224 zvinotaura chiSpanish.

New World Translation haina kugamuchirwa nembavarira muchiKristudhomu bedzi. Mugore rokutanga rokubudiswa kwechinyorwa chechiJapanese, hofisi yebazu muJapan yakagamuchira odha dzemakopi ane hafu yemiriyoni.

Pakasvika 1992 kudhindwa kweNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures yakazara, mumitauro 12 yaiwanika panguva iyoyo, kwakasvika uwandu hwemakopi 70 105 258. Mukuwedzera kuna ikoko, makopi 8 819 080 ezvikamu zveshanduro yacho akanga adhindwa.

Kuita Kuti Bhaibheri Riwanike Muzvimiro Zvakawanda

Kushandisa makombiyuta kwemabasa eWatch Tower Society, kutanga muna 1977, kwakabatsira mukubudisa maBhaibheri, sezvakwakaita mune mamwe mativi omubato wokubudisa. Kwakabetsera vashanduri kuwana kuwirirana kukuru zvikuru mubasa ravo; kwakaitawo kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kudhinda Bhaibheri muzvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana.

Pashure pokunge mashoko akazara eBhaibheri apinzwa mukombiyuta, kwakanga kusina kuoma kushandisa electronic phototypesetter kudhinda mashoko acho muukuru hwakasiyana-siyana nezvimiro. Kutanga, muna 1981, pakauya chinyorwa choukuru hwenguva dzose muchiNgezi chine konikodhenzi nemamwe mativi anobetsera eapendikisi. Ichi chakanga chiri chinyorwa chokutanga kudhindwa neWatch Tower Society pamuchina wokudhinda weweb offset. Pashure pokunge betsero dzehwirudzuro dzabatanidzwa mumashoko akachengetwa mukombiyuta, chinyorwa chamabhii makuru muchiNgezi chakabudiswa muna 1984; ichochi chaibatanidza mativi akawanda enzvero. Chinyorwa chechiNgezi choukuru hwenguva dzose chakahwirudzurwa chimwe chetecho chakaitwawo kuti chiwanike gore iroro; nongedzero nekonikodhenzi zvakabatanidzwa, asi kwete mashoko omuzasi; apendikisi yayo yakanga yagadzirirwa ushumiri hwomumunda panzvimbo pefundo yakadzama zvikuru. Ipapo, nokuda kwokubetserwa kwaavo vaida chinyorwa chiduku zvikuru chinokwana muhomwe, ichochi chakabudiswa muchiNgezi muna 1987. Zvinyorwa izvi zvose zvakakurumidza kubudiswa mune mimwe mitaurowo.

Mukuwedzera, ngwariro yakapiwa kukubetsera avo vane zvinodikanwa chaizvo. Kubetsera avo vaigona kuona asi vaida mabhii makuru zvikuru, New World Translation yakazara yomutauro wechiNgezi mumavhoriyamu makuru mana yakabudiswa muna 1985. Nokukurumidza chinyorwa chimwe chetecho chakadhindwa muchiGerman, chiFrench, chiSpanish, uye chiJapanese. Ikoku kusati kwaitwa, muna 1983, New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures, mumavhoriyamu mana, yakanga yaitwa kuti iwanike muBraille yechiNgezi yegiredhi yechipiri. Mukati mamamwe makore mashanu, New World Translation yakazara yakanga yabudiswa muBraille yechiNgezi mumavhoriyamu 18.

Vamwe vanhu vaizobetserwa kana vaigona kuteerera mashoko akarekodwa eBhaibheri here? Zvirokwazvo. Naizvozvo Watch Tower Society yakaitawo ikoku. Kaseti yokutanga yakarekodwa yakanga iri The Good News According to John, muchiNgezi, yakabudiswa muna 1978. Pashure penguva yakati New World Translation yose muchiNgezi yakaitwa kuti iwanike pamakaseti okuteerera 75. Chakatanga chiri sebasa duku nokukurumidza chakakura kuva basa guru. Nokukurumidza, yakava inowanika mune mimwe mitauro. Pakasvika 1992 New World Translation, yose kana kuti rutivi, yakanga ichiwanika pamakaseti mumitauro 14. Pakutanga, mamwe amapazu akaita kuti basa racho riitwe nemakambani ezvokutengeserana. Kusvikira kuna 1992, pamichina yavo vamene, Watch Tower Society yakanga yabudisa anopfuura 31 000 000 amakaseti okuteerera akadaro.

Betsero dzomumakaseti okuteerera eBhaibheri nokushandiswa kwaakaitwa dzakapfuura zvikuru kariro dzapakuvamba. Mumativi ose apasi, vanhu vakanga vachishandisa zvinoridza makaseti. Vakawanda avo vaisagona kurava vakabetserwa neiyi nzira kubetserwa somunhu oga neShoko rinoyera raMwari. Vakadzi vaikwanisa kuteerera makaseti okuteerera apo vaiita basa ravo rapamba. Varume vaiateerera pamatepi pavanenge vachienda kubasa nemotokari. Mano okudzidzisa eZvapupu zvimwe nezvimwe akawedzerwa sezvazvaiteerera nguva dzose Shoko raMwari ndokucherekedza madudzirwe amazita eBhaibheri nomutoo umo zvikamu zvoRugwaro zvairaviwa nawo.

Pakasvika 1992, zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveNew World Translation zvakanga zvichidhindwa pamichina yeSosaiti yokudhinda muNorth neSouth America, Europe, uye kuMabvazuva. Hwerengedzo yemavhoriyamu 78 924 338 akanga abudiswa ndokuitwa kuti awanike nokuda kwokuparadzira. MuBrooklyn moga, makanga mune michina mitatu yokudhinda mikuru inomhanya zvikuru yeweb offset yakapiwa zvikurukuru kukubudiswa kwemaBhaibheri. Yabatanidzwa, iyi michina yokudhinda inogona kubudisa uenzani hwemaBhaibheri 7 900 paawa, uye pane dzimwe nguva kwave kuri madikanwa kuti vashandise boka ravashandi rokuwedzera rinoita majana nevamwe.

Zvisinei, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinogovera vanhu zvinopfuura Bhaibheri iro ringangoiswa pasherefu. Zvinogoverawo kumunhu upi noupi anofarira Bhaibheri—kana akawana kopi kuZvapupu zvaJehovha kana kuti kwete—fundo yeBhaibheri yapamusha yapachena. Idzi fundo hadzipfuuriri kusvikira kunguva isingazivikanwi. Vamwe vadzidzi vanorangarira zvakakomba zvavanodzidza, vanova Zvapupu zvakabhapatidzwa, uye ipapo vanogoverana mukudzidzisa vamwe. Pashure pemwedzi yakati, kana fambiro mberi ine mufungo isingaitwi mukushandisa zvinodzidzwa, fundo dzacho kazhinji kazhinji dzinoregwa nokuda kwavamwe vanhu vanofarira zvapachokwadi. Pakasvika 1992, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakanga zvichigovera vanhu vamwe navamwe vane 4 278 127 kana kuti dzimba iyi betsero yefundo yeBhaibheri yapachena, kazhinji kazhinji vhiki nevhiki.

Nokudaro, nomutoo usingaenzaniswi nerimwe sangano ripi neripi, Zvapupu zvaJehovha vabudisi navaparadziri veBhaibheri uye vadzidzisi veShoko rinoyera raMwari.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 609]

Shanduro Itsva

Apo vhoriyamu yokutanga ye“New World Translation of the Hebrew Scriptures” yakabudiswa, Alexander Thomson, mutsoropodzi weBhaibheri weBritain, akanyora, kuti: “Shanduro dzapakuvamba dzaMagwaro echiHebheru kuisa mumutauro wechiNgezi ishomanene zvikuru. Naizvozvo kunotipa mufaro mukuru kugamuchira kubudiswa kworutivi rwokutanga rweNew World Translation [yaMagwaro echiHebheru], Genesi kusvikira kuna Rute. . . . Iyi shanduro sezviri pachena yakaita nhamburiko chaiyo kuti isanoravika. Hakuna munhu aigona kutaura kuti haina kuzara mukuva itsva nekutanga. Mashoko haana kutongovakirwa paayo eshanduro dzekare.”—“The Differentiator,” June 1954, p. 131.

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 610]

“Rugwaro Rune Mashoko Anowanika Pakare Pakarepo”

Mu“The Classical Journal,” Thomas N. Winter weYunivhesiti yeNebraska akanyora hwirudzuro ye“The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures” umo akati: “Iwaya haasati ari mashokowo zvawo apakati pemitsetse: ururami hwemashoko acho hunochengetwa, uye chiNgezi icho chinooneka pasi pawo chinongovawo zvacho revo huru yeshoko rechiGiriki. Nokudaro rutivi rwemashoko apakati pemitsetse rweiri bhuku harusati ruchitongova shanduro. Rugwaro rune mashoko anowanika pakare pakarepo runorondedzera nenzira yakarurama zvikuru. Shanduro muchiNgezi chakanaka inooneka muchikamu chiduku kumucheto wokurudyi rwemapeji. . . .

“Mashoko acho akavakirwa pane ayo aBrooke F. Westcott naFenton J. A. Hort (1881, yakadhindwazve), asi shanduro yakaitwa nedare risingazivikanwi inosanowirirana nomusi zvikuru uye yakarurama nenzira inowirirana.”—Chinyorwa chaApril-May cha1974, map. 375-6.

[Mufananidzo]

Zvinyorwa zva1969 na1985

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 611]

Murangariro Wenyanzvi yechiHebheru

Pamusoro pe“New World Translation,” Purofesa Dr. Benjamin Kedar, nyanzvi yechiHebheru muIsrael, akati muna 1989: “Munzvero yangu yemitauro pamusoro peBhaibheri rechiHebheru neshanduro, kazhinji kazhinji ndinonongedzera kuchinyorwa chechiNgezi cheinozivikanwa se‘New World Translation.’ Mukuita kudaro, ndinowana kunzwa kwangu kuchibvumikisa kwabvumikiswazve kuti iri bhuku rinoratidzira kuedza kwapachokwadi kuwana nzwisiso yamashoko iyo iri yakarurama zvikuru sezvinobvira. Richipa ufakazi hwokuziva zvikuru mutauro wapakuvamba, rinoshandurira mashoko apakuvamba mumutauro wechipiri nenzira inonzwisisika pasina kutsauka zvisiri madikanwa pamaumbirwe akananga echiHebheru. . . . Kutaura kuri kwose kwomutauro kunobvumira rusununguko rwakati mukuturikira kana kuti kushandura. Naizvozvo mhinduro yemitauro muchiitiko chipi nechipi ingava yakazaruka kugakava. Asi handina kutongowana mu‘New World Translation’ kuda kwokuva nekwokurerekera kupi nokupi kurava chimwe chinhu mumashoko arisina.”

[Magirafu riri papeji 613]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Wedzero yeZvapupu Kubvira Pakubudiswa kwe“New World Translation”

France

150 000

100 000

50 000

1963 1970 1980 1992

Italy

150 000

100 000

50 000

1963 1970 1980 1992

Portugal neBrazil

300 000

200 000

100 000

1963 1970 1980 1992

Nyika Dzinotaura chiSpanish

900 000

600 000

300 000

1963 1970 1980 1992

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 604]

Shomanene Dzeshanduro Dzakashandiswa naVadzidzi veBhaibheri Vapakuvamba

Shanduro chaiyoiyo yaYoung

Shanduro yaLeeser (chiNgezi pamwe chete nechiHebheru)

“New Testament” yaTischendorf (ine zvokurava zvakasiyana-siyana zvomumanyoro echiGiriki)

Shanduro yaMurdock (kubva muchiSyriac)

“The Emphatic Diaglott” (chiGiriki kuenda kuchiNgezi)

Variorum Bible (rine shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzechiNgezi)

“The Newberry Bible” (rine mashoko okumucheto anokosha)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 605]

Sumo yechinyorwa che“New Testament” chaRotherham yakadhindirwa Watch Tower Society munenge muna 1890

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 606]

Holman Linear Parallel Edition of the Bible, serakabudiswa kupfurikidza negadzi- riro yeWatch Tower Society muna 1902

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 606]

Chinyorwa cheWatchtower che“King James Version,” chine konikodhenzi yakasa- nogadzirwa (1942)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 607]

“American Standard Version,” shanduro inoshandisa zita raMwari, Jehovha, kanopfuura kane 6 870; chinyorwa cheWatchtower (1944)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 607]

Shanduro yaByington (1972)

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 608]

“New World Translation,” yakatanga kubudiswa muchiNgezi mumavhoriyamu matanhatu, kuvambira muna 1950 kusvikira muna 1960; gare gare yakabatanidzwa muchinyorwa chaicho chavadzidzi

Yakabudiswa somubatanidzwa wevhoriyamu rimwe muna 1961

Chinyorwa chamabhii makuru, chine nongedzero yefundo, chakabudiswa muna 1984

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 612]

Nenzira inofambira mberi “New World Translation” yakaitwa kuti iwanike mumitauro yakawanda

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 614]

“New World Translation” mumabhii makuru zvikuru

. . . mu“Braille”

. . . pamakaseti okuteerera

. . . pama“diskette” ekombiyuta