Ganhuro 26

Kubudisa Mabhuku Ebhaibheri Okushandisa Muushumiri

SHOKO rakanyorwa rakaita rutivi runokosha mukunamata kwechokwadi. Jehovha akapa Mirayiro Gumi kuna Israeri, kutanga nomuromo uye ipapo yakanyorwa. (Eks. 20:1-17; 31:18; VaG. 3:19) Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti Shoko rake raizosvitswa zvakarurama, Mwari akarayira Mosesi nomutsara murefu wavaporofita navaapostora vapashure pake kuti vanyore.—Eks. 34:27; Jer. 30:2; VaH. 2:2; Zvak. 1:11.

Kwakawanda zvikurusa kwokunyora ikoko kwapakuvamba kwakaitwa pamupumburu wemanyoro. Pakasvika zana ramakore rechipiri C.E., zvisinei, kodhekisi, kana kuti bhuku rine mapeji, rakatangwa. Irori rakanga risingapambadzi zvikuru uye riri nyore zvikuru kushandisa. Uye vaKristu vakanga vari vokutanga kurishandisa, sezvavakaona ukoshi hwaro mukuparadzira mashoko akanaka pamusoro poUmambo hwaMesiya hwaMwari. Purofesa E. J. Goodspeed, mubhuku rake rinonzi Christianity Goes to Press, anotaura pamusoro pavaKristu ivavo vapakuvamba savabudisi vamabhuku, kuti: “Vakanga vasingafambirani nenguva dzavo bedzi munhau dzakadaro, vakanga vari mberi kwadzo, uye vabudisi vamazana amakore apashure vakavatevera.”—1940, p. 78.

Hakushamisi, naizvozvo, kuti Zvapupu zvaJehovha nhasi, savazivisi voUmambo hwaMwari, munzira dzakati zvave zviri pakati paavo vaiva vokutanga veindasitiri yokudhinda.

Kugovera Mabhuku Nokuda kweVadzidzi veBhaibheri Vapakuvamba

Imwe yenyaya dzokutanga dzakanyorwa naC. T. Russell yakabudiswa, muna 1876, muBible Examiner, rakapepetwa naGeorge Storrs weBrooklyn, New York. Pashure pokunge Hama Russell vabatanidzwa naN. H. Barbour weRochester, New York, Russell akagovera mari nokuda kwokubudiswa kwebhuku rinonzi Three Worlds nepepa raizivikanwa seHerald of the Morning. Akabatira somupepeti biyake wepepa iroro uye, muna 1877, akashandisa zvishandiso zveHerald kubudisa bhukwana rinonzi The Object and Manner of Our Lord’s Return. Hama Russell vakanga vakangwaririra zvikuru nhau dzomudzimu pamwe chete nenhau dzebhizimisi, asi akanga ari Barbour aiva ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira mukudhinda nokuronga mashoko nokuda kwokudhinda.

Zvisinei, apo Barbour akaramba ukoshi hunoyananisa chivi hwechibayiro chorudzikinuro chaJesu Kristu, Hama Russell vakagura ushamwari naye. Naizvozvo, muna 1879, apo Russell akabudisa Zion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence, iye aitofanira kuvimba nevadhindi vezvokutengeserana.

Gore rakatevera racho rokutanga renhevedzano huru yamaturakiti akagadzirirwa kuita kuti vanhu vafarire zvokwadi dzeBhaibheri rakagadzirirwa kubudiswa. Iri basa rakakurumidza kukura zvikuru. Kuti igogona kuritarisira, Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society yakaumbwa pana February 16, 1881, naW. H. Conley sapurezidhendi uye C. T. Russell somunyori nomubati wehomwe yemari. Gadziriro dzakaitwa dzokuti kudhinda kuitwe nemafemu ezvokutengeserana mumaguta akasiyana-siyana ePennsylvania, New York, uye Ohio, pamwe chete nomuBritain. Muna 1884, Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Societya yakaumbwa pamutemo, naC. T. Russell sapurezidhendi, uye chata yayo yakaratidza kuti yakanga ichipfuura sosaiti iyo yaizotungamirira kubudisa. Vavariro yayo chaiyoiyo yakanga iri yorudzidziso; yakapiwa maruramiro apamutemo o“kuparadzirwa kweZvokwadi dzeBhaibheri mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana.”

Vavariro yakadaro yakarondwa neshingairo yakadini! Muna 1881, mukati menhambo yemwedzi mina, maturakiti 1 200 000 anoita hwerengedzo yemapeji 200 000 000 akabudiswa. (Mazhinji eaya “maturakiti” akanga ari chaizvoizvo muchimiro chamabhuku maduku.) Pashure pacho, kubudiswa kwamaturakiti eBhaibheri nokuda kwokuparadzirwa kwapachena kwakawedzera kusvikira kumakumi emamiriyoni gore negore. Aya maturakiti akadhindwa mumitauro 30 uye akaparadzirwa kwete bedzi muAmerica asiwo muEurope, South Africa, Australia, uye dzimwe nyika.

Rumwe rutivi rwebasa racho rwakatanga muna 1886, apo Hama Russell vakapedza kunyora The Divine Plan of the Ages, rokutanga renhevedzano yamavhoriyamu matanhatu avakanyora voga. Pamusoro pokubudiswa kwemavhoriyamu mana okutanga munhevedzano iyoyo (1886-97), pamwe chete namaturakiti neNharireyomurindi kuvambira muna 1887 kusvikira muna 1898, ivo vakashandisa Tower Publishing Company.b Pashure penguva yakati, kudhinda nokuronga mashoko nokuda kwokudhinda zvaiitwa nehama paBible House muPittsburgh. Kuti dzichengete ndyiko dzakaderera, dzakatengawo mapepa nokuda kwokudhinda. Kana kuri kudhinda chaikoiko nokubhainda, Hama Russell kazhinji kazhinji vaiisa odha nemafemu anopfuura imwe. Vaironga nokungwarira, vachiodha pachine nguva mberi zvikuru zvakakwana kuti vawane mitengo yakanaka. Kuvambira panguva yokubudiswa kwebhuku rokutanga rakanyorwa naC. T. Russell kusvikira kuna 1916, hwerengedzo ye9 384 000 yemavhoriyamu matanhatu iwayo yakabudiswa ndokuparadzirwa.

Kubudiswa kwamabhuku eBhaibheri hakuna kumira parufu rwaHama Russell. Gore rakatevera racho vhoriyamu yechinomwe yeStudies in the Scriptures yakadhindwa. Yakabudisirwa mhuri yeBheteri pana July 17, 1917. Kudikanwa kwaro kwakanga kuri kukuru kwazvo zvokuti pakasvika mugumo wegore iroro, Sosaiti yakanga yaisa odha dzemakopi 850 000 muchiNgezi kuvadhindi vezvokutengeserana nevanobhainda. Zvinyorwa zvemimwe mitauro zvakanga zvichibudiswa muEurope. Mukuwedzera, gore iroro maturakiti ane mamiriyoni 38 akadhindwa.

Asi ipapoka, mukati menhambo yechitambudzo chikuru muna 1918, apo vakuru vakuru veSosaiti vakanga vapinzwa mutorongo zvisina kururama, dzimbahwe ravo (raiva muBrooklyn, New York) rakaparadzwa. Maplate okudhindisa akaparadzwa. Vashandi vakaderedzwa zvikuru vakadzosera hofisi kuPittsburgh kuuriri hwechitatu hwechimwe chivako pa119 Federal Street. Ikoku kwaizogumisa kubudisa kwavo mabhuku eBhaibheri here?

Vanofanira Kuzvidhindira Vamene Here?

Pashure pokubudiswa kwapurezidhendi weSosaiti, J. F. Rutherford, nevasonganiri vake mutorongo, Vadzidzi veBhaibheri vakaungana paCedar Point, Ohio, muna 1919. Vakarangarira izvo Mwari akanga abvumidza kuitika mukati megore rakapfuura racho neizvo Shoko rake rairatidzira kuti vaifanira kuve vachiita mukati memazuva ari mberi. Chiziviso chakaitwa kuti magazini itsva, The Golden Age, yakanga ichizobudiswa sechishandiso chokushandisa mukunongedzera vanhu kuUmambo hwaMwari setariro bedzi yorudzi rwomunhu.

Sezvayakanga yaita munguva yakapfuura, Sosaiti yakaronga kuti imwe femu yezvokutengeserana idhinde. Asi nguva dzakanga dzachinja. Pakanga pane zvinetso zvebasa muindasitiri yokudhinda uye zvinetso mukutengwa nokutengeswa kwemapepa. Imwe gadziriro yakavimbika zvikuru yakanga ichidikanwa. Hama dzakanyengeterera nhau yacho ndokumirira kutungamirira kwaShe.

Kutanga, ndokupi kwavanofanira kuisa mahofisi eSosaiti? Vanofanira kudzosera dzimbahwe kuBrooklyn here? Boka ravatungamiriri reSosaiti rakarangarira nhau yacho, uye dare rakaumbwa kunzvera mamirire acho ezvinhu.

Hama Rutherford vakarayiridza, C. A. Wise, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi weSosaiti, kuenda kuBrooklyn kundoona pamusoro pokuzarurwazve kweBheteri nezvivako zvokurenda uko Sosaiti yaigona kudhinda. Vachishuva kuziva kuti inzirai iyo Mwari aizokomborera, Hama Rutherford vakati: “Endai mundoona kana kuri kuda kwaShe kuti tidzokere kuBrooklyn.”

“Ndichaziva sei kana kuri kuda kwaShe kuti tidzokere kana kuti kwete?” vakabvunza kudaro Hama Wise.

“Kwakanga kuri kukundikana kuwana marasha muna 1918 uko kwakatisunda kutama kubva kuBrooklyn kudzokera kuPittsburgh,”c Hama Rutherford vakapindura kudaro. “Ngatiite kuti marasha ave kuedza kwacho. Enda undoodha marasha.”

“Matani mangani amunofunga kuti ndinofanira kuodha kuita kuedza kwacho?”

“Eya, kuitei kuedza kwakanaka,” Hama Rutherford vakarumbidza kudaro. “Odha matani 500.”

Izvozvo ndizvo chaizvoizvo izvo Hama Wise vakaita. Uye ndoupi wakanga uri mugumisiro wacho? Apo vakanyorera kuzviremera vachikumbira, vakapiwa gwaro rokuwana naro matani 500 emarasha—akakwana kutarisira zvinodikanwa zvavo kwemakore akati! Asi vaizoaisa kupi? Zvikamu zvikuru zveimba yepasi yoMusha weBheteri zvakachinjirwa kukuva nzvimbo yokuchengetera marasha.

Mugumisiro wouku kuedza wakarangarirwa sekuratidzirwa kuri pachena kwokuda kwaMwari. Pakasvika kutanga kwaOctober 1919, vakanga vari kuvamba zvakare kupfuudzira mubato wavo vari muBrooklyn.

Zvino, vanofanira kuzvidhindira vamene here? Vakaedza kutenga muchina wokudhinda magazini werotary asi vakaudzwa kuti makanga mune mishomanene bedzi yaiyoyi muUnited States uye kuti pakanga pasina mukana wokuwana mumwe kwemwedzi mizhinji. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakanga vane chivimbo chokuti kana kwakanga kuri kuda kwaShe, iye aigona kuzarura nzira. Uye akadaro!

Mwedzi mishomanene chete pashure pokudzokera kwavo kuBrooklyn, vakabudirira kutenga muchina wokudhinda werotary. Zvivako zvisere kubva paMusha weBheteri, pa35 Myrtle Avenue, vakarenda uriri hutatu mune chimwe chivako. Pakasvika kuvamba kwa1920 Sosaiti yakava nechivako chayo imene chokudhindira—chiduku, asi chakasanoshongedzerwa. Hama dzakanga dzine ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwakakwana rwokushandisa michina yacho dzakazvipa kuti dzizviite dzimene dzinowanika kuti dzibetsere basa racho.

Chinyorwa cheNharireyomurindi yechiNgezi chaFebruary 1 gore iroro chakadhindwa nomuchina wayo imene weSosaiti. Pakasvika April, The Golden Age yakanga ichibudiswawo muhofisi yokudhindira yavo vamene. Pamugumo wegore racho, wakanga uri mufaro kuti Nharireyomurindi ishume, kuti: “Mukati mechikamu chikuru zvikuru chegore basa rose paNHARIREYOMURINDI, THE GOLDEN AGE, uye mazhinji amabhukwana, rakaitwa namaoko akatsaurirwa, asi vavariro imwe ichitungamirira zviito zvavo, uye vavariro iyoyo ichiva kuda Ishe nevavariro yake yokururama. . . . Apo mamwe magazini nezvinyorwa zvakanga zvichidikanirwa kumira nemhaka yokuperevedza kwamapepa kana kuti zvinetso zvevashandi, zvinyorwa zvedu zvakapfuurira pasina zvinetso.”

Nzvimbo yefekitari yakanga yakaganhurirwa zvikuru, asi chitsama chebasa raiitwa chakanga chichishamisa. Zvitsama zvenguva dzose zvaidhindwa zveNharireyomurindi zvakanga zviri makopi 60 000 pachinyorwa. Asi The Golden Age yakanga ichidhindwawo imomo, uye mukati megore rokutanga, chinyorwa chaSeptember 29 chakanga chiri chaicho. Chaiva nokufumurwa kune udzame kwevapariri vokutambudzwa kwaVadzidzi veBhaibheri kuvambira muna 1917 kusvikira muna 1920. Makopi ane mamiriyoni mana akadhindwa! Mumwe wavarume vanodhinda vomufekitari gare gare akati: ‘Kwaida munhu ari wose mumhuri yeBheteri kunze kwomubiki kubetsera kuita kuti chinyorwa ichocho chibude.’

Mugore rokutanga rokushandisa kwavo muchina werotary wokudhinda magazini, Hama Rutherford vakabvunza hama kana dzaigonawo kudhinda mabhukwana pamuchina iwoyo wokudhinda. Pakutanga, hakuna kuratidzika kuva kwaibvira. Vagadziri vomuchina wokudhinda vakataura kuti kwaisagona kuitwa. Asi hama dzakaedza uye dzakava nebudiriro yakanaka. Dzakaitawo forodha yadzo dzimene nokudaro ndokuderedza kuda kwavo vashandi nokuda kworutivi irworwo rwebasa racho kubva pa12 kusvikira ku2. Chii chakaparira kubudirira kwavo? “Ruzivo rwokuzviwanira nechikomborero chaShe” ndiyo nzira iyo mutarisiri wefekitari akakupfupikisa nayo.

Makanga musiri muBrooklyn bedzi umo Sosaiti yakanga ichironga mabasa okudhinda, zvisinei. Mamwe mabasa emitauro yokumwe akatarisirwa muimwe hofisi muMichigan. Kuti itarisire zvinodikanwa zvine chokuita nebasa iroro, muna 1921 Sosaiti yakagadzira muchina weLinotype, michina yokudhinda, uye zvimwe zvishandiso zviri madikanwa muDetroit, Michigan. Imomo mabhuku akanga achidhindwa muchiPolish, chiRussian, chiUkrainian, uye mimwe mitauro.

Mugore rimwe chetero, Sosaiti yakabudisa bhuku raThe Harp of God, iro rakanyorwa nomutoo wakakodzera nokuda kwevari kuvamba fundo yeBhaibheri. Pakasvika 1921 Sosaiti yakanga isina kuedza kudhinda nokubhainda mabhuku ayo imene. Vanofanira kuedza kuita iri basawo here? Zvakare, vakatsvaka nhungamiro yaShe.

Hama Dzakazvitsaurira Dzinodhinda Nokubhainda Mabhuku

Muna 1920, Nharireyomurindi yakanga yashuma kuti macolporteur mazhinji akanga amanikidzwa kubuda mubasa iroro nemhaka yokuti vadhindi nevanobhainda vakanga vasingakwanisi kugovera odha dzeSosaiti. Hama padzimbahwe dzakarangarira kuti kana dzaigona kusatsamira pavagadziri vezvinhu vezvokutengeserana nezvinetso zvavo zvose zvevashandi, vaizokwanisa kuita uchapupu hukuru zvikuru pamusoro pechinangwa chaMwari nokuda kworudzi rwomunhu. Kudai vaidhinda ndokubhainda mabhuku avo vamene, kwaizovawo kwakaoma zvikuru kuti vashori vabonderane nebasa. Uye pashure penguva yakati vaikarira kukwanisa kuchengeta mari pandyiko yemavhoriyamu uye naizvozvo ndokukwanisa kuaita kuti ave anowanika nenzira iri nyore kune voruzhinji.

Asi ikoku kwaizoda nzvimbo yakawanda nezvishandiso, uye vaitofanira kudzidzira unyanzvi hutsva. Vaigona kukuita here? Robert J. Martin, mutariri wefekitari, akayeuka kuti mumazuva aMosesi, Jehovha akanga ‘azadza Bhezareri naOhoriabhi nouchenjeri hwomwoyo kuti vaite basa rose’ raidikanwa kuvaka tabhenakeri inoyera. (Eks. 35:30-35) Vachirangarira nhoroondo iyoyo yeBhaibheri, Hama Martin vakanga vane chivimbo chokuti Jehovha aigonawo kuita chipi nechipi chaidikanwa kuti vabatiri vake vagogona kubudisa mabhuku kuti vazivise Umambo.

Pashure pokufungisisa kukuru nomunyengetero, gadziriro chaidzo dzakavamba kuoneka. Vachitarira shure kune zvakaitika, Hama Martin gare gare vakanyorera Hama Rutherford, kuti: “Zuva gurusa kupfuura ose rakanga riri zuva apo maida kuziva kana pakanga pane chikonzero chipi nechipi chakanaka nei tisingafaniri kudhinda ndokubhainda mabhuku edu timene ose. Wakanga uri mufungo unofadza, nemhaka yokuti kwakareva kuzarurwa kwenzvimbo yakakwana yokuronga mashoko nokuda kwokudhinda, yokuita maplate nemagetsi, yokudhindira nokubhainda, nokushanda kweinopfuura makumi maviri yemichina yatakanga tisina kurovedzana nayo, zvikurukuru michina yataisatongoziva kuti yakagadzirwa, uye kudikanwa kwokudzidza mabasa anopfuura gumi nemaviri. Asi kwairatidzika kuva nzira yakanakisisa yokuderedza nayo mitengo yakakwira yaichajwa nokuda kwamabhuku pashure pehondo.

“Imi makarenda chivako chine nhurikidzwa nhanhatu pa18 Concord Street (ine vanorenda pauriri huviri); uye pana March 1, 1922, takatamiramo. Makatitengera michina yakakwana yokuronga mashoko nokuda kwokudhinda, yokuita maplate nemagetsi, yokudhinda nokubhainda, yakawanda zvikurusa yayo mitsva, mimwe yayo yakamboshandiswa; uye takatanga basa.

“Imwe yefemu huru dzokudhinda iyo yakanga yave ichiita rakawanda rebasa redu yakanzwa nezvezvatakanga tichiita ndokuuya, ichimirirwa napurezidhendi wacho, kuzotishanyira. Akaona michina mitsva ndokutsinhira akasuwa kuti, ‘Mune muchina wokudhinda wakanaka zvikuru, uye hamuna munhu ari munzvimbo yacho anoziva chinhu pamusoro pamashandisirwe awo. Mumwedzi mitanhatu muchina wose uchava wasakara zvikuru; uye muchawana kuti vanhu vachakudhindirai ndeavo vanguve vachikuita, uye vanokuita basa ravo.’

“Ikoko kwakanzwika kuva kune mufungo zvakakwana, asi kwakasiya Ishe; uye iye nguva dzose ave anesu. Apo nzvimbo yokubhaindira yakatangwa iye akatumira imwe hama iyo yakapedzera upenyu hwayo hwose mubasa rokubhainda. Yakanga iri yebetsero huru panguva iyoyo yayakanga ichidikanwa zvikurusa. Norubatsiro rwayo, uye nomudzimu waShe uchishanda kupfurikidza nehama dzakanga dzichiedza kudzidza, nokukurumidza takanga tichigadzira mabhuku.”

Sezvo fekitari paConcord Street yakanga ine nzvimbo yakakwana, kudhinda kwokuDetroit kwakabatanidzwa nouko kwaiva muBrooklyn. Pakasvika gore rechipiri muiyi nzvimbo, hama dzakanga dzichibudisa 70 muzana yamabhuku namabhukwana aidikanwa, kunze kwemagazini, maturakiti, uye mahendibhiri. Gore rakatevera racho, wedzero mubasa yakakuita kuti kuve kuri madikanwa kushandisa nhurikidzwa mbiri dzakanga dzasara dzefekitari.

Vaigona kukurumidzisa kubudisa kwavo mabhuku here? Vakanga vane muchina wokudhinda wakagadzirwa muGermany, ukatumirwa nengarava kuAmerica, uye wakashandiswa muna 1926 zvikurukuru nokuda kwechinangwa ichocho. Sokuziva kwavaiita, iwoyo ndiwo wakanga uri muchina wokudhinda wokutanga werotary wakashandiswa muAmerica kudhinda mabhuku.

Zvisinei, kudhinda kwaitungamirirwa naVadzidzi veBhaibheri kwakanga kusiri kwose muAmerica.

Kudhinda Kwapakuvamba Mudzimwe Nyika

Vachishandisa mafemu ezvokutengeserana, Hama Russell vakanga vaita kuti kudhinda kuitirwe muBritain pakuvamba sa1881. Kwakanga kuri kuitwa muGermany pakasvika 1903; Greece pakasvika 1906; Finland pakasvika 1910; uye kunyange Japan pakasvika 1913. Mukati memakore apashure pehondo yokutanga yenyika, chitsama chikurusa chokudhindwa kwakadaro—kwamabhuku, mabhukwana, magazini, uye maturakiti—kwakaitirwa muBritain, nyika dzeScandinavia, Germany, uye Poland, uye kumwe kwakaitirwa muBrazil neIndia.

Ipapo, muna 1920, gore rimwe chete iro Sosaiti yakatanga kuzvidhindira imene magazini muBrooklyn, gadziriro dzakaitwa dzokuti hama dzedu muEurope dziite rimwe reiri basawo. Rimwe boka radzo muSwitzerland rakaronga nzvimbo yokudhindira muBern. Yakanga iri femu yavo vamene yebhizimisi. Asi vose vakanga vari Vadzidzi veBhaibheri, uye vakabudisira Sosaiti mabhuku mumitauro yeEurope pamitengo yakanaka zvikuru. Pashure penguva yakati, Sosaiti yakawana uridzi hwenzvimbo iyoyo yokudhindira ndokuikudza. Kugutsa kudikanwa kwokukurumidza munyika dzine urombo mune zvemari dzeEurope panguva iyoyo, zvitsama zvikuru zvamabhuku apachena zvakabudiswa imomo. Mukati mokupera kwema1920, zvinyorwa mumitauro inopfuura gumi nemiviri zvakatumirwa kubva muiyi fekitari.

Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, fariro huru mushoko roUmambo yakanga ichiratidzwa muRomania. Pasinei hapo nekushorwa kwakakomba kwebasa redu imomo, Sosaiti yakatanga nzvimbo yokudhinda muCluj, kuti igoderedza mutengo wamabhuku ndokuaita kuti ave anowanika nenzira iri nyore kuvanhu vane nzara yezvokwadi muRomania nenyika dziri pedyo. Muna 1924 hofisi yokudhindira iyoyo yakakwanisa kubudisa chinodokusvika chikamu chimwe chezvina chemabhuku makuru ane miriyoni, mukuwedzera kumagazini namabhukwana, muchiRomanian nechiHungarian. Asi uyo akanga achitarisira basa imomo akabvumikisa kuva asina kutendeka kuchakaronzwa chake ndokuita mabasa ayo akaguma nokurasikirwa nepfuma yeSosaiti nezvishandiso. Pasinei hapo naikoku, hama dzakatendeka muRomania dzakapfuurira kuita zvadzaigona kugoverana zvokwadi dzeBhaibheri navamwe.

MuGermany pashure peHondo Yenyika I, nhamba huru dzavanhu dzakanga dzichidirana kumisangano yaVadzidzi veBhaibheri. Asi vanhu veGermany vakanga vachitambura nhamo huru yezvemari. Kuti igoita kuti mutengo wemabhuku eBhaibheri urambe wakaderera nokuda kwokubetserwa kwavo, Sosaiti yakatanga kudhinda kwayo imene imomowo. PaBarmen, muna 1922, kudhinda kwakaitwa pamuchina wokudhindira weflatbed uri pamasitepisi oMusha weBheteri uye pane mumwe muimba yokuchengetera huni. Gore rakatevera hama dzakatamira kuMagdeburg kuzvivako zvakakodzera zvikuru. Dzakanga dzine zvivako zvakanaka ikoko, zvakawanda zvakawedzerwa, uye michina yokudhinda nokubhainda mabhuku yakaiswa. Pakasvika mugumo wa1925, kwakashumwa kudaro, uwandu hwokubudisa hweiyi nzvimbo hwaizova hwakati kurei souhwo hwakanga huchishandiswa panguva iyoyo padzimbahwe muBrooklyn.

Kwakawanda zvikurusa kwokudhinda kwacho kwaiitwa chaizvoizvo nehama kwakatanga pamwero muduku. Ndizvo zvakwakanga kwakaita muKorea, umo muna 1922 Sosaiti yakatanga nzvimbo duku yokudhindira yakashongedzerwa kubudisa mabhuku muchiKorean pamwe chete nechiJapanese nechiChinese. Pashure pamakore mashomanene, michina yacho yakatamisirwa kuJapan.

Pakasvika 1924 kudhindwa kwezvinhu zviduku kwakanga kuchiitwawo muCanada nemuSouth Africa. Muna 1925 mumwe muchina muduku wokudhinda wakaiswa muAustralia uye mumwe muBrazil. Hama dzomuBrazil nokukurumidza dzakanga dzichishandisa muchina wadzo kudhinda chinyorwa chechiPutukezi cheNharireyomurindi. Bazu reSosaiti muEngland rakawana muchina waro wokutanga nokuda kwokudhinda muna 1926. Muna 1929 nzara yomudzimu yavanhu vanozvininipisa muSpain yakanga ichipedzwa nekubudiswa kweNharireyomurindi pamuchina muduku imomo. Makore maviri gare gare mumwe muchina wokudhinda wakavamba kushanda muimba yapasi yehofisi yebazu muFinland.

Munguvayi, kukura kwakanga kuchiitika padzimbahwe renyika.

Fekitari Yavo Vamene Padzimbahwe Renyika

Kubvira muna 1920 Sosaiti yakanga yave ichirenda nzvimbo yefekitari muBrooklyn. Kunyange chivako chaishandiswa kubvira muna 1922 chakanga chisiri muchimiro chakanaka; chivako chacho chose chaizungunuka zvakashata apo muchina wokudhinda werotary wakanga uchishanda muimba yapasi. Kunze kwezvo, nzvimbo huru yakanga ichidikanwa nokuda kwokutarisira basa raikura. Hama dzakarangarira kuti mari dzaiwanika dzaigona kushandiswa zviri nani kudai dzakanga dzine fekitari yadzo dzimene.

Imwe nzvimbo iri kure neMusha weBheteri nemabhuroko mashomanene yairatidzika kuva nzvimbo inoshuviwa, naizvozvo vakaikumbira. Sezvakwakaitwa, Squibb Pharmaceutical Corporation yakavakunda; asi apo vakavaka panzvimbo iyoyo, vaitofanira kunyudza muvhu mirwi 1 167 kuti vagogona kuva nefandesheni yakasimba. (Makore akati gare gare, Watch Tower Society yakatenga zvivako izvozvo kubva kuSquibb, nefandesheni iyoyo yakanaka itoripo!) Zvisinei, nzvimbo iyo Sosaiti yakatenga muna 1926 yakanga ine ivhu rokuvaka pariri raigona kutsigira uremu.

Muna February 1927 vakatamira muchivako chavo chitsva pa117 Adams Street muBrooklyn. Chakavagovera nzvimbo inodokupeta nekaviri yavakanga vave vachishandisa kusvikira panguva iyoyo. Chakanga chakasanogadzirwa, nebasa richifamba kubva muuriri hwepamusoro richidzika richipfuura nomumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana kusvikira rasvika kuDhipatimendi Rokutumira raiva pauriri hwepasi.

Wedzero yacho haina kupera, zvisinei. Mukati memakore gumi iyi fekitari yaifanira kukudzwa; uye pakanga pane kumwe kukudzwa kwaizouya gare gare. Mukuwedzera kukudhinda mamiriyoni emakopi emagazini namabhukwana gore negore, fekitari yacho yakanga ichibudisa mabhuku akawanda se10 000 pazuva. Apo maBhaibheri akazara akavamba kubatanidzwa pakati pamabhuku iwayo muna 1942, Watch Tower Society yakanga ichitangazve kupinda munzvimbo itsva muindasitiri yokudhinda. Hama dzakaedza kusvikira dzakwanisa kushandisa pepa reBhaibheri dete pamichina yokudhinda yerotary—chimwe chinhu icho vamwe vadhindi vasina kuedza kusvikira makore akati gare gare.

Apo kubudisa kwomwero mukuru kwakadaro kwakanga kuchiitwa, aiva nezvinodikanwa chaizvo haana kufuratirwa. Pakuvamba zvikuru sa1910, mumwe Mudzidzi weBhaibheri muBoston, Massachusetts, uye mumwe muCanada vakanga vachibatira pamwe kuti vabudisezve mabhuku eSosaiti muBraille. Pakasvika 1924, iri muimwe hofisi muLogansport, Indiana, Sosaiti yakanga ichibudisa zvinyorwa kuti ibetsere mapofu. Nemhaka yokudavidza kwakaganhurirwa zvikuru panguva iyoyo, zvisinei, basa reBraille rakagumiswa muna 1936, uye kubetsera mapofu kupfurikidza nemarekodhi egiramufomu pamwe chete nengwariro yomunhu oga kwakasimbiswa. Gare gare, muna 1960, mabhuku eBraille akavambazve kubudiswa—nguva ino mumhatsa huru, uye zvishoma nezvishoma nokudavidza kuri nani.

Kunangana Nedenho Yechishoro Chakakomba

Munyika dzakati, kudhinda kwakaitwa mukutarisana nemamirire ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Asi hama dzedu dzakapfuurira, dzichinzwisisa kuti kuziviswa kwamashoko akanaka oUmambo kwakanga kuri basa iro Jehovha Mwari, kupfurikidza noMwanakomana wake, akanga arayira kuti riitwe. (Isa. 61:1, 2; Marko 13:10) MuGreece, somuenzaniso, hama dzakanga dzatanga hofisi yadzo yokudhindira muna 1936 uye dzakaishandisa kwemwedzi mishomanene bedzi apo kwakava nechinjo yehurumende uye zviremera zvakapfiga nzvimbo yavo. Nenzira yakafanana, muIndia, muna 1940, Claude Goodman akashanda kwemwedzi yakati achigadzira muchina wokudhinda nokudzidza mashandisirwe awo, asi nokukurumidza pashure paikoku mapurisa akatumirwa namambo weHindu akadenha kamwe kamwe, akatakura nerori muchina wacho wokudhinda, uye akarasira mavara okudhinda akasarudzwa nokungwarira mumagaba makuru.

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo zhinji, mitemo inodzora mabhuku anopinzwa munyika yakaita kuti kuve madikanwa kuti hama dzipe basa racho vadhindi vezvokutengeserana vomunzvimbomo, kunyange zvazvo Sosaiti yakanga ine nzvimbo yokudhinda munyika iri pedyo iyo yakanga yakagadzirirwa kuita basa racho. Ikoko kwakanga kuri kwechokwadi pakati pema1930 munzvimbo dzakadai seDenmark, Latvia, uye Hungary.

Muna 1933 hurumende yeGermany, yakurudzirwa navafundisi, yakapfuurira kupfiga mibato yokudhinda yeZvapupu zvaJehovha muGermany. Mapurisa akatora fekitari yeWatch Tower Society paMagdeburg ndokuipfiga muna April wegore iroro, asi aisagona kuwana ufakazi hwechiito chisina kururama, naizvozvo akabva. Kunyange zvakadaro, akapindira zvakare muna June. Kuti igopfuudzira kuparadzirwa kweshoko roUmambo, Sosaiti yakatanga hofisi yokudhindira muPrague, Czechoslovakia, uye michina yakati yakatamisirwa ikoko kubva kuMagdeburg. Naikoku, magazini mumitauro miviri nemabhukwana mumitauro mitanhatu zvakabudiswa mukati memakore mashomanene akatevera.

Ipapo, muna 1939, mauto aHitler akafora muPrague, naizvozvo hama dzakakurumidza kugwejenura muchina wavo ndokuutumira kunze kwenyika yacho. Zvimwe zvawo zvakaenda kuNetherlands. Ikoku kwakanga kuri kwakakodzera nguva zvikurusa. Kurukurirano neSwitzerland yakanga yaoma zvikuru nokuda kwehama dzechiDutch. Naizvozvo zvino dzakarenda nzvimbo uye, nemuchina wadzo wokudhinda wakanga uchangobva kuwanwa, dzakatanga hofisi yadzo dzimene yokudhindira. Ikoku kwakapfuurira kwenguva pfupi bedzi, zvisinei, nzvimbo yacho isati yabvutwa navavhozhokeri veNazi. Asi hama dzakanga dzachengeta muchina iwoyo uchishanda nguva refu chaizvo sezvinobvira.

Apo chiito chemaune chehurumende muFinland chakamanikidzira kugumiswa kwokubudiswa kweNharireyomurindi mukati mehondo, hama imomo dzakaita makopi enyaya huru ndokutumira iwaya kupfurikidza nenhume. Pashure pokunge Austria yava pasi poudzori hweNazi muna 1938, Nharireyomurindi yakadhindwa pamuchina unoita makopi uyo waifanira kutamiswa nguva dzose kuenda kunzvimbo nenzvimbo kuti vagouchengeta usiri mumaoko eGestapo. Nenzira yakafanana, muCanada mukati menguva apo Zvapupu zvakanga zviri murambidzo yomunguva yehondo, zvaitofanira kutamisa zvatamisazve michina yazvo kuti zvigopfuurira kugovera zvokudya zvomudzimu nokuda kwehama dzazvo.

MuAustralia mukati menguva umo basa reZvapupu zvaJehovha rakanga rarambidzwa, hama dzakadhinda magazini adzo dzimene uye dzaitodhinda mabhuku makuru—chimwe chinhu chadzakanga dzisina kuita imomo kunyange mumamirire ezvinhu akanaka zvikuru. Nzvimbo yokubhaindira yaifanira kutamiswa ka16 kudzivisa kutorwa kwomuchina wacho, asi vakakwanisa kubudisa mabhuku makuru ane butiro rakaomarara 20 000 munguva yokubudisa pakokorodzano yakaitwa muna 1941 pasinei hapo nemhinganidzo huru!

Kukura Pashure peHondo Yenyika II

Pashure pokunge hondo yaguma, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakasangana pagungano remarudzi akawanda muCleveland, Ohio, muna 1946. Ipapo Nathan H. Knorr, panguva iyoyo purezidhendi weWatch Tower Society, akataura pamusoro pokuvakazve nekukura. Kubvira pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, nhamba yeZvapupu yakanga yawedzera ne157 muzana, uye vafundisi vakanga vachizarura basa nokukurumidza muminda mitsva. Kuti vagogutsa kudikanwa kwemunyika yose kwemabhuku eBhaibheri, Hama Knorr vakaronga gadziriro dzokukudza zvivako zvedzimbahwe renyika. Somugumisiro wekukura kwakakarakadzwa, fekitari yaizova nenzvimbo yakapetwa nekanopfuura kaviri yaivapo muchivako chapakuvamba cha1927, uye Musha weBheteri wakakudzwa zvikuru wakanga uchizogoverwa nokuda kwavashandi vanozvipira. Idzi wedzero dzakapedzwa ndokushandiswa pakuvamba muna 1950.

Fekitari nezvivako zvehofisi padzimbahwe renyika muBrooklyn zvave zvichifanira kukudzwa zvakudzwazve kubvira muna 1950. Pakasvika 1992 zvakashandisa zvivako zvomuguta zvinenge zvisere uye zvakabatanidza masikweyamita 230 071 enzvimbo youriri. Izvi hazvisati zviri zvivako zvokungogadzira mabhuku. Zvakatsaurirwa kuna Jehovha, kuti zvishandiswe mukubudisa mabhuku akagadzirirwa kudzidzisa vanhu zvinodikanwa zvake zvoupenyu.

Mune dzimwe nharaunda kwakanga kwakaoma kuita kuti kudhinda kweSosaiti kutange zvakare pashure pehondo yenyika yechipiri. Zvivako zvefekitari zvehofisi zvaiva zveSosaiti muMagdeburg, Germany, zvakanga zviri muzoni inodzorwa nechiKomunisiti. Zvapupu zveGermany zvakadzokera mairi, asi zvakakwanisa kushanda kwechinguvana bedzi isati yabvutwazve. Kugovera chinodikanwa chacho muWest Germany, hofisi yokudhindira yaifanira kuvakwa imomo. Maguta acho akanga aitwa marara somugumisiro wokubhomba. Zvisinei, Zvapupu zvakakurumidza kuwana kushandisa hofisi duku yokudhindira iyo yakanga yave ichishandiswa nevaNazi, muKarlsruhe. Pakasvika 1948 zvakanga zvava nemichina miviri yokudhindira yeflatbed yaishanda masikati nousiku muchivako chakanga chakaitwa kuti chiwanike kwazviri muWiesbaden. Gore rakatevera racho zvakakudza zvivako zveWiesbaden ndokupeta nekana nhamba yemichina yokudhinda kuti zvigosvitsa zvinodikanwa zvenhamba inokura nokukurumidza yevazivisi voUmambo murutivi irworwo rwemunda.

Apo Sosaiti yakavambazve kudhinda pachena muGreece muna 1946, simba remagetsi rakanga risingavimbiki zvikuru. Pane dzimwe nguva akanga asipo kwemaawa panguva. MuNigeria muna 1977, hama dzakatarisana nechinetso chakafanana. Kusvikira bazu reNigeria rawana gwenya raro rimene, vashandi vomufekitari vaidzokera kubasa panguva ipi neipi, masikati kana kuti usiku, apo magetsi aiuya. Nomudzimu wakadaro, havana kutongopotsa chinyorwa cheNharireyomurindi.

Pashure peshanyo yakaitwa naHama Knorr kuSouth Africa muna 1948, nzvimbo yakatengwa muElandsfontein; uye pamavambo muna 1952, bazu rakatamira mufekitari itsva imomo—yokutanga yakavakwa chaizvoizvo neSosaiti muSouth Africa. Vachishandisa muchina mutsva wokudhinda weflatbed, vakapfuurira kudhinda magazini mumitauro misere inoshandiswa muAfrica. Muna 1954 bazu romuSweden rakanga rakashongedzerwa kudhinda magazini aro pamuchina wokudhinda weflatbed, sezvakanga zvakaita bazu romuDenmark muna 1957.

Sezvo kudikanwa kwemabhuku kwakakura, maletterpress erotary akagoverwa, kutanga kubazu rimwe uye ipapo rimwe. Canada yakagamuchira wokutanga wayo muna 1958; England, muna 1959. Pakasvika 1975 Watch Tower Society yakanga yava nemichina yokudhinda mikuru yerotary 70 ichishanda munzvimbo dzayo dzokudhindira munyika yose.

Mubatanidzwa Wemunyika Yose Wokubudisa Zvokwadi dzeBhaibheri

Mukupera kwama1960 uye pashure pacho, nhamburiko yakabatana yakaitwa yokuwana kumwe kuparadzirwa kwokudhinda kweWatch Tower Society. Wedzero munhamba yeZvapupu zvaJehovha yakanga ichikurumidza. Nzvimbo huru yefekitari yakanga ichidikanwa kugovera mabhuku eBhaibheri nokuda kwokushandisa kwazvo zvimene uye nokuda kwokuparadzira kune voruzhinji. Asi kukura muBrooklyn kwakanga kuri muitiro unononoka nemhaka yenzvimbo yakaganhurirwa yaiwanika pamwe chete netendero yapamutemo. Rongedzero dzakaitwa dzokuita kwakawanda kwokudhinda kune imwe nzvimbowo zvayo.

Nokudaro, muna 1969 basa rakavamba pamusoro pechimiro chehofisi itsva yokudhindira yaifanira kuvakwa pedyo neWallkill, New York, makiromita anenge 150 kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweBrooklyn. Ikoku kwaizowedzera ndokuparadzira zvivako zvedzimbahwe, uye pakupedzisira anodokuva magazini ose eNharireyomurindi neMukai! eUnited States aizobva kuWallkill. Makore matatu gare gare fekitari yechipiri yeWallkill yakanga yava pachikwangwani chokuisa pepa pakudhirowa, iyi yakakura zvikuru kupfuura yokutanga. Pakasvika 1977 maletterpress erotary imomo akanga achibudisa magazini anopfuura mamiriyoni 18 pamwedzi. Pakasvika 1992, michina miviri mikuru yokudhinda yeMAN-Roland neHantscho (michina yokudhinda 4 chete yeoffset panzvimbo peaichimbova maletterpress 15) yakanga ichishandiswa, uye mwero wokubudiswa wakanga uchipfuura zvikuru magazini ane miriyoni pazuva.

Apo rongedzero dzokudhinda paWallkill dzakatanga kuitwa, Nharireyomurindi yakanga ichibudiswa muBrooklyn mu32 yemitauro yayo 72 yapanguva iyoyo; Mukai! mu14 yemitauro yayo 26. Inenge 60 muzana yehwerengedzo yemakopi akadhindwa munyika yose yakanga ichibudiswa ikoko kudzimbahwe renyika. Kwaizova kunobetsera kuita kuti rakawanda reiri basa riitwe munyika dziri kunze kweUnited States uye kupfurikidza nehama dzedu timene imomo panzvimbo pokupfurikidza namafemu ezvokutengeserana. Nokudaro, kana njodzi dzenyika dzomunguva yemberi kana kuti kubonderana kwehurumende nebasa reZvapupu zvaJehovha zvikafanira kudzivisa mabasa murutivi rwupi nerwupi rwapasi, zvokudya zvomudzimu zvinokosha zvakanga zvichiri zvaigona kugoverwa.

Naizvozvo kwakadaro kuti muna 1971, anodokusvika makore maviri fekitari yokutanga yeWatch Tower paWallkill isati yatanga kushanda, basa rakatanga kugovera nzvimbo itsva yakaisvonaka yokudhindira muNumazu, Japan. Wedzero yakapetwa nekanopfuura kashanu muvazivisi voUmambo muJapan mukati memakore gumi akapfuura yakaratidza kuti mabhuku eBhaibheri mazhinji akanga achizodikanwa imomo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvivako zvebazu muBrazil zvakanga zvichikudzwa. Zvimwe chetezvo zvakanga zviri zvechokwadi muSouth Africa, umo mabhuku eBhaibheri akanga achibudiswa mumitauro yeAfrica inopfuura makumi maviri nena. Gore rakatevera racho, 1972, zvivako zvokubudisa zveSosaiti muAustralia zvakapetwa nekana muukuru, nomurangariro wokugovera chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe cheNharireyomurindi neMukai! murutivi irworwo rwenyika pasina kunonotswa kurefu kwokutumira. Mafekitari okuwedzera akavakwawo muFrance nePhilippines.

Pakuvamba muna 1972, N. H. Knorr nomutariri wefekitari weBrooklyn, M. H. Larson, vakaita rwendo rwemunyika dzakawanda kundonzvera basa rakanga richiitwa, kuti vagoronga zvinhu nokuda kwokushandiswa zvakanakisisa kweizvi zvivako uye kuvanzarika hwaro nokuda kwekumwe kukura kwaizouya. Shanyo dzavo dzakabatanidza nyika 16 muSouth America, Africa, uye Far East.

Nokukurumidza pashure pacho, bazu romuJapan iro rimene rakanga richibudisa magazini omutauro wechiJapanese aidikanwa nokuda kworutivi irworwo rwomunda, panzvimbo pokutsamira pamudhindi wezvokutengeserana. Gore rimwe chetero, 1972, bazu romuGhana rakavamba kudhinda Nharireyomurindi mumitatu yemitauro yayo yomunzvimbomo, panzvimbo pokumirira zvinotumirwa kubva kuUnited States neNigeria. Tevere, bazu rePhilippines rakavamba kutarisira kurongwa kwamashoko nokuda kwokudhindwa uye kudhindwa kweNharireyomurindi neMukai! mumitauro misere yomunzvimbomo (kunze kwokudhinda magazini omutauro wechiNgezi ayo akanga achidikanwa). Ikoku kwakamirira imwe nhano huru mukuparadzirwa kwokudhinda kweWatch Tower.

Pakasvika mugumo wa1975, Watch Tower Society yakanga ichibudisa mabhuku eBhaibheri muzvivako zvayo imene munyika 23 dzakapararira kupota nyika yose—mabhuku munyika nhatu; mabhukwana kana kuti magazini kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri munzvimbo dzose 23. Mudzimwe nyika 25, Sosaiti yakanga ichibudisa zvinhu zviduku zvikuru pamichina yayo imene.

Mwero weSosaiti wokubudisa mabhuku makuru wakanga uchiwedzerwawo. Kumwe kubhainda kwakanga kwaitwa muSwitzerland nomuGermany pakuvamba zvikuru sepakati pema1920. Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, muna 1948, hama dzomuFinland dzakaita kubhainda (pakutanga, zvikuru nemaoko) kuti dzitarisire zvikurukuru zvinodikanwa zvenyika iyoyo. Makore maviri gare gare bazu romuGermany rakanga richishandisa zvakare imba yokubhaindira, uye pashure penguva yakati rakatora kuti ripfuudzire kubhainda kwakanga kuchiitwa muSwitzerland.

Ipapo, muna 1967, neZvapupu zvinopfuura miriyoni imwe munyika yose uye nokusumwa kwemabhuku anokwana muhomwe okushandisa muushumiri hwazvo, kudikanwa kwourwu rudzi rwemabhuku eBhaibheri kwakawedzera. Mukati memakore mapfumbamwe, makanga mune wedzero yakapetwa nekanopfuura katanhatu mumitsetse yokubhainda muBrooklyn. Pakasvika 1992, Watch Tower Society yakanga ine hwerengedzo yemibatanidzwa yokubhainda 28 yaishanda munyika sere dzakasiyana-siyana.

Mugore rimwe chetero, 1992, Watch Tower Society yakanga isiri kudhinda mabhuku eBhaibheri mumitauro 180 muUnited States bedzi asi ina dzenzvimbo dzayo huru dzokudhindira dzaiva muLatin America dzakanga dzichigovera akawanda emabhuku aidikanwa mose muri muviri munyikamo uye nedzimwe nyika murutivi irworwo rwenyika. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzokudhindira gumi neimwe dzakanga dzichibudisa mabhuku muEurope, uye dzose idzodzi dzakanga dzichibetsera kugutsa zvinodikanwa zvamabhuku zvedzimwe nyika. Dzaidzodzi, France nguva dzose yakanga ichigovera mabhuku nokuda kwenyika 14, uye Germany, iyo yaidhinda mumitauro inopfuura 40, yakanga ichitumira zvitsama zvikuru kunyika 20 uye zvitsama zviduku kudzimwe nyika dzakawanda. MuAfrica, nzvimbo dzokudhindira nhanhatu dzeWatch Tower dzakanga dzichibudisa mabhuku eBhaibheri muhwerengedzo yemitauro 46. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzokudhindira 11—dzimwe huru, dzimwe duku—dzakanga dzichigovera Middle East neFar East, zvitsuwa zvePacific, Canada, uye dzimwe nharaunda mabhuku okushandisa mukuparadzira shoko rekurumidziro pamusoro poUmambo hwaMwari. Mudzimwezve nyika 27, Sosaiti yakanga ichidhinda zvinhu zviduku zvikuru zvaidikanwa neungano kuti dzigoshanda zvakanaka.

Mitoo Mitsva, Michina Mitsva

Mukati mema1960 nema1970, chinjo yakapinda ichikurumidza muindasitiri yokudhinda. Pamwero unokatyamadza, letterpress yakanga ichiparadzwa nemhaka yokuda kudhinda kweoffset.d Watch Tower Society haina kukurumidza kuchinjira kumitoo mitsva yokudhinda. Maplate akanga achiwanika nokuda kwemichina yokudhinda yeoffset akanga asina kusanokodzera kukudhinda zvitsama zvikuru izvo Sosaiti yaida nokuda kwamabhuku ayo. Zvakare, chinjo yourwu rudzi yaizoda marudzi matsva chose chose okudhinda nokuronga mashoko nokuda kwokudhinda. Michina mitsva yokudhinda yaizodikanwa. Uzivi hutsva hwaitofanira kudzidzwa. Inodokuva michina yose yokudhinda mumafekitari eSosaiti yaizotofanira kutsiviwa. Ndyiko yacho yaizova inoshamisa.

Zvisinei, pashure penguva yakati kwakava kuri pachena kuti migove yokutsigira kudhinda neletterpress yaisazowanikazve. Kugara kwenguva refu kwamaplate eoffset kwakanga kuchikurumidza kunaka. Chinjo yacho yaifanira kuitwa.

Pamavambo zvikuru sa1972, nemhaka yekufarira kwavo zvikuru budiriro kudhinda neoffset, mitezo mitatu yemhuri yeBheteri muSouth Africa yakatenga muchina muduku wokudhinda wakamboshandiswa wesheetfed offset. Ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwakati rwakawanwa mukuita mabasa maduku okudhinda pauri. Ipapo, muna 1974, muchina wokudhinda iwoyo wakashandiswa kudhinda Zvokwadi inotungamirira kuupenyu husingagumi, bhuku rinokwana muhomwe, muchiRonga. Kukwanisa kwavo kuita kudaro kwakakurumidza kuita kuti kubvire kusvitsa murayiridzo unokosha weBhaibheri kuzviuru zvavanhu vane nzara yezvokwadi basa reZvapupu zvaJehovha risati rarambidzwazve munharaunda umo vanhu ivavo vaigara. Mumwe muchina wokudhinda wesheetfed offset, wakapiwa kubazu reSosaiti reSouth Africa nokukurumidza pashure pokunge hama dzedu dzatenga wokutanga, wakatumirwa kuZambia uye wakashandiswa ikoko.

Fekitari yeSosaiti muGermany yakatangawo nokukurumidza kudhinda neoffset. Muna April 1975 hama imomo dzakavamba kushandisa muchina wokudhinda wesheetfed kudhinda magazini pamapepa eBhaibheri nokuda kweZvapupu zvaJehovha muEast Germany, umo Zvapupu zvakanga zvarambidzwa panguva iyoyo. Ikoku kwakateverwa, gore rakatevera racho, nokubudiswa kwamabhuku pamuchina wokudhinda iwoyo weoffset nokuda kwehama idzodzo dzaitambudzwa.

Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, muna 1975, Watch Tower Society yakashandisa muchina wokudhinda wayo wokutanga weweb offset wemagazini muArgentina. Wakashanda kwerinenge gore, zvisinei, hurumende yeArgentina isati yarambidza basa reZvapupu ndokupfiga hofisi yazvo yokudhindira. Asi kudhinda neoffset mune dzimwe nyika kwakapfuurira kukura. Pakuvamba muna 1978, panzvimbo yedzimbahwe yeWatch Tower Society muBrooklyn, New York, mumwe muchina wokudhinda weweb offset wakavamba kubudisa kudhinda kwemavara matatu kwamabhuku.e Muchina wechipiri wokudhinda wakatengwa mugore rimwe chetero. Bva, mimwe michina mizhinji yakanga ichidikanwa kuti vagopedza chinjo yacho.

Mutumbi Unodzora wakanga une chivimbo chokuti Jehovha aizogovera chipi kana chipi chaidikanwa kuti ugoita basa raaida kuti riitwe. Muna April 1979 uye muna January 1980, tsamba dzakatumirwa kuungano dzomuUnited States dzichitsanangura mamirire acho ezvinhu. Mipiro yakauya—zvishoma nezvishoma pakutanga, asi pashure penguva yakati pakanga pava neyakakwana kushongedzera mubatanidzwa wenyika yose wefekitari dzeWatch Tower nokuda kwokudhinda neoffset.

Munguvayi, kuti ishandise zvakanaka michina yaivapo uye kuti ikurumidzise chinjo yacho, Watch Tower Society yakaita chibvumirano chokuti michina yayo yokudhinda yazvino yeMAN ichinjwe nokuda kwokudhinda neoffset. Nyika gumi nembiri dzakagoverwa iyi michina yokudhinda, kubatanidza nhanhatu idzo dzakanga dzisina kumbodhinda magazini adzo munzvimbomo kare.

Kudhinda Nemavara Mana

Bazu romuFinland rakanga riri rokutanga kuita kudhinda neoffset kwechinyorwa chimwe nechimwe chemagazini ayo mumavara mana, ichivamba nenzira yakapfava nezvinyorwa muna January 1981 uye ipapo ichishandisa nenzira inofambira mberi unyanzvi hwakanatswa. Tevere, Japan ichishandisa kudhinda kwemavara mana nokuda kwebhuku guru. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzokudhindira dzeWatch Tower dzakaita zvimwe chetezvo sezvo michina yokushandisa yakawanika. Mimwe yemichina yacho yokudhinda yakatengwa ndokutumirwa nedzimbahwe renyika. Mimwe yakawanirwa mari neZvapupu zvaJehovha zviri munyika ine fekitari. Mune zvimwe zviitikozve, Zvapupu mune imwe nyika zvakapa chipo chomuchina waidikanwa kuhama dzazvo mudzimwe nyika.

Mukati menhambo yapashure peHondo Yenyika II, nyika yakava inoda zvikuru mifananidzo, uye kushandiswa kworuvara chairwoirwo kwakaita zvakawanda kuita kuti zvinyorwa zvifadze zvikuru kuona. Uku kushandiswa kworuvara kwakaita kuti peji yakadhindwa ive inokwezva zvikuru uye naizvozvo kwakakurudzira kurava. Munzvimbo dzakawanda kwakawanika kuti kuparadzirwa kweNharireyomurindi neMukai! kwakawedzera zvikuru pashure pokunge chitarisiko chawo kwadarozvo kuwedzerwa.

Kutanga Gadziriro Dzakakodzera Dzemakombiyuta

Kutsigira kudhinda nemavara mana gadziriro yeprepress yekombiyuta yaitofanira kutangwa; uye chisarudzo chokupfuurira mberi naikoku chakaitwa muna 1977. Zvapupu zvakanga zviri nyanzvi mumunda zvakazvipira kushanda padzimbahwe renyika kubetsera Sosaiti kugovera izvi zvinodikanwa nokukurumidza. (Nokukurumidza pashure paikoku, muna 1979, rimwe boka muJapan iro pakupedzisira rakabatanidza Zvapupu zvinenge 50 rakavamba basa papurogiramu dzaidikanwa nokuda kwomutauro wechiJapanese.) Michina yekombiyuta yaiwanika yezvokutengeserana yakashandiswa, uye purogiramu dzakagadzirwa neZvapupu kubetsera kugovera zvinodikanwa zveSosaiti zvokutarisira nezvokubudisa mitauro yakawanda. Kuti tichengete mipimo yakakwirira ndokuva nokuchinjika kunodikanwa, kwakanga kuri madikanwa kutanga purogiramu chaidzo dzokutsikirira dzokuronga mashoko nokuda kwokudhinda nephotocomposition. Pakanga pasina purogiramu dzezvokutengeserana dzaiwanika nokuda kwokunyora nokuita phototypesetting yakawanda yemitauro 167 iyo Watch Tower Society ipapo yakanga ichidhinda mairi, naizvozvo Zvapupu zvaifanira kutanga dzazvo zvimene.

Panguva iyoyo nyika yezvokutengeserana haina kuwana mari mumitauro yaishandiswa nevagari vemo vashomanene zvikuru kana kuti kupfurikidza navanhu vane mari inowanwa yakaganhurirwa zvikuru, asi Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinofarira upenyu. Mukati menguva pfupi zvikuru, purogiramu dzokudhinda idzo zvakavamba dzakanga dzichishandiswa kubudisa mabhuku mumitauro inopfuura 90. Pamusoro pebasa razvo Seybold Report on Publishing Systems inoremekedzwa yakati: “Hatina chinhu kunze kwerumbidzo nokuda kwebasa, ushingi nokuva nenzwisiso zvevanhu veWatchtower. Kune vashomanene nhasi vane gwinyiro zvakakwana kana kuti zvimwe vakashinga zvakakwana kuita kumbiriso yakadaro, zvikurukuru vachitanga panodokuva patsva chaizvoizvo.”—Vhoriyamu 12, Nha. 1, September 13, 1982.

Kudhinda nokuchengeta zvaizoitwa kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kana michina yaishandiswa munyika yose yakanga ichishanda pamwe chete zvakanaka zvizere. Naizvozvo muna 1979 chisarudzo chakaitwa chokuti Watch Tower Society itange gadziriro yayo imene yephototypesetting. Boka raishanda pana iyoyi rakanga richizogadzira michina mikuru, panzvimbo pokuvimba zvikuru nemichina yezvokutengeserana.

Nokudaro, muna 1979 rimwe boka reZvapupu zvaJehovha raiva nemusimboti waro paWatchtower Farms, Wallkill, New York, rakavamba kuronga ndokugadzira Multilanguage Electronic Phototypesetting System (MEPS). Pakasvika May 1986 boka racho raishanda pairi basa rakanga risina kuronga ndokugadzira makombiyuta eMEPS, maphototypesetter, uye magraphics terminal bedzi asi, chinokosha zvikuru, rakanga ratangawo purogiramu dzekombiyuta dzaidikanwa nokuda kwokugadzira mashoko nokuda kwokubudisa mumitauro 186.

Chakanga chakabatanidzwa nouku kutangwa kwepurogiramu dzekombiyuta rakanga riri basa guru rokuronga zviratidzo zvinomirira mabhii zvemafont. Ikoku kwaida kufundwa kukuru kwemavara anosiyanisa omutauro mumwe nomumwe. Kunyora neruoko kwaifanira kuitwa nokuda kwevara rimwe nerimwe mumutauro (somuenzaniso, bhii rimwe nerimwe mumavara makuru namaduku, pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvinotsauranisa nezvimiso—zvose zvine mhatsa dzoukuru), nekudhirowa kwakaparadzana kwekudhinda kumwe nokumwe (kwakadai, sokudhinda mabhii maduku, mashoko akatsveyamiswa, mabhii matema, mabhii matema zvikuru), sezvinobvira mumafont anotsauranisa akati, kana kuti madhindire. Font yebhii reRoma rimwe nerimwe raida mavara 202. Naizvozvo, mafont 369 emabhii eRoma akada hwerengedzo yemavara 74 538. Kugadzirirwa kwemafont echiChinese kwakarayira kudhirowiwa kwemavara 8 364 nokuda kwerimwe nerimwe, nemamwe mavara aifanira kuwedzerwa gare gare.

Pashure pokunge kudhirowa kwaitwa, purogiramu dzekombiyuta dzaigadzirwa idzo dzaizoita kuti kubvirire kudhinda mavara acho muchimiro chakachena, chakajeka. Purogiramu dzekombiyuta dzaifanira kukwanisa kutarisira kwete bedzi arufabheti yechiRoma asiwo yechiBengali, yechiCambodian, yechiCyrillic, yechiGiriki, yechiHindi, uye yechiKorean pamwe chete neyechiArabic neyechiHebheru (yose iri miviri yairava kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe) uye yechiJapanese neyechiChinese (iyo isingashandisi maarufabheti). Pakasvika 1992 purogiramu dzekombiyuta dzakawanika nokuda kwokubudisa mashoko mumitauro inopfuura 200, uye purogiramu dzemimwe mitauro yaishandiswa nemamiriyoni avanhu dzakanga dzichiri kubudiswa.

Kushandiswa kwechinjo mumapazu kwaida kugamuchira miitiro mitsva nokudzidza unyanzvi hutsva. Vashandi vakatumirwa kudzimbahwe renyika kundodzidza maumbirwe, mashandisirwe, uye machengeterwe emichina mikuru yokudhinda yeweb offset. Vamwe vakadzidziswa maitirwe ebasa rokuparadzanisa mavara nelaser scanner. Vashandi vokuwedzera vakarovedzwa kushandisa nokuchengeta michina yekombiyuta. Nokudaro, zvinetso zvokubudisa zvaimuka kupi nokupi munyika zvaigona kukurumidza kupedzwa kuitira kuti basa rigopfuurira kufambira mberi.

Mutumbi Unodzora wakaziva kuti kana Zvapupu zvaJehovha munyika yose zvaigona kudzidza mashoko mamwe chetewo mumisangano yazvo vhiki nevhiki ndokuparadzira mabhuku mamwe chetewo muushumiri hwomumunda, ikoku kwaizova netapuro ine simba inobatanidza. Munguva yakapfuura, mabhuku aibudiswa muchiNgezi akanga asingawaniki kazhinji kazhinji mumimwe mitauro kusvikira inenge mwedzi mina gare gare; nokuda kwemitauro yakawanda rakanga riri gore rimwe, kana kuti kazhinji kazhinji makore akati, gare gare. Asi zvino chinjo yakanga ichibvira. Kuva nemichina inoshanda pamwe chete zvakanaka zvizere mumapazu anodhinda kwakanga kuri chinhu chinokosha mukukwanisa kubudisa mabhuku panguva imwe chete mumhatsa yemitauro. Pakasvika 1984, kubudiswa panguva imwe cheteyo kweNharireyomurindi kwakaitwa mumitauro 20. Muna 1989, apo shoko rine simba riri mubhuku raZvakazarurwa—Mugumo Wazvo Une Mbiri Wava Pedyo! rakaparadzirwa kune voruzhinji mwedzi mishomanene chete pashure pokubudiswa kwaro, bhuku iroro rakawanika mumitauro 25. Pakasvika 1992, kubudiswa panguva imwe cheteyo kweNharireyomurindi kwakanga kwatambanudzwa kuti kubatanidze mitauro 66, iyo iri kushandiswa nechikamu chikuru chevagari vemo vemunyika.

Kubvira apo basa reMEPS rakatangwa muna 1979, indasitiri yemakombiyuta yakaita kufambira mberi kwechienzi zvikuru. Makombiyuta omunhu oga ane simba ane kuchinjika kukuru zvino anowanika akachipa zvikuru kupfuura michina yapakuvamba. Kuti igovambirana nezvinodikanwa zvebasa rokubudisa, Watch Tower Society yakasarudza kushandisa aya makombiyuta omunhu oga, pamwe chete nepurogiramu dzayo imene dzekombiyuta. Ikoku kwakakurumidzisa zvikuru muitiro wokubudisa. Kwakakuitawo kuti kubvire kugovera betsero dzepurogiramu dzokubudisa kuakawanda emapazu eSosaiti, uye nhamba yemapazu aishandisa iwaya yakakurumidza kukwira kusvikira ku83. Pakasvika 1992 Watch Tower Society yakanga yava, munyika yose, nematerminal anopfuura 3 800 umo yakanga ichishandisa purogiramu dzayo imene dzekombiyuta. Haasati ari mapazu ose akadarozvo kushongedzerwa kudhinda, asi bazu ripi neripi iro rine kombiyuta duku nepurogiramu dzekombiyuta dzeSosaiti, pamwe chete nomuchina muduku wokudhinda welaser, rinokwanisa basa reprepress pamaturakiti, magazini, mabhuku, uye kumwe kudhinda kupi nokupi kunofanira kuitwa.

Tsigiro Yakawedzerwa Yekombiyuta Nokuda Kwavashanduri

Makombiyuta aigona kushandiswawo kupa tsigiro huru zvikuru kuna avo vari kuita basa rokushandura here? Vashanduri vezvinyorwa zveWatch Tower zvino vanoita basa ravo, muzviitiko zvakawanda zvikurusa, pamaterminal ekombiyuta. Vakawanda vaivava vari pahofisi dzebazu dzeSosaiti. Vamwe, avo vangashandura vari kumba uye avo vakaita basa ravo kwemakore akawanda nematapureta uye kunyange namaoko, vakabetserwa kudzidza kupinza shanduro yavo munzvimbo dzokushandira dzekombiyuta kana kuti pamakombiyuta elaptop (ayo ari maduku zvikuru) akatengwa neSosaiti. Gadziridzo mushanduro dzinogona kuitwa nyore nyore pasikirini yekombiyuta chaipo. Kana kushandura kukaitwa kune imwe nzvimbo kunze kwemuhofisi yebazu uko kudhinda chaikoiko kuchaitwa, zvinodikanwa bedzi kutamisira mashoko mudisk dete, rinochinjika ndokuritumira kubazu rinodhinda nokuda kwokubudisa.

Mukati ma1989-90, sezvo chinjo dzokukurumidza dzakaitika muhurumende munyika zhinji, kurukurirano yamarudzi akawanda yakava nyore zvikuru. Nokukurumidza, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakaita chikoro cherovedzo chevashanduri vakabva kuEastern Europe. Ichochi chakarongedzerwa kuwedzera kunaka kwebasa ravo, kuvagonesa kubetserwa nemichina inowanika yekombiyuta, uye kuita kuti kubudiswa panguva imwe cheteyo kweNharireyomurindi mumitauro yavo kubvire. Mukuwedzera, vashanduri muSoutheast Asia vakapiwa betsero yakafanana.

Asi kombiyuta yaigona kushandiswa kukurumidzisa basa rokushandura kana kuti kuwedzera kunaka kwaro here? Hungu. Pakasvika 1989, gadziriro itsva dzekombiyuta dzine simba dzakanga dzichishandiswa neZvapupu zvaJehovha kubatsira mukushandura Bhaibheri. Pashure pebasa guru rapakuvamba, mafaira eelectronic akagoverwa ayo aizogonesa mushanduri kukurumidza kuratidzwa pakombiyuta shoko ripi neripi rapiwa romutauro wapakuvamba pamwe chete nechinyorwa chenzira dzose dzarakanga, maererano nemashoko akapoteredza, rashandurirwa nadzo muchiNgezi muNew World Translation. Aigonawo kusarudza shoko guru rechiNgezi ndokubudisa mashoko ose omutauro wapakuvamba umo irori (uye sezvinobvira mashoko ane revo yakafanana) rakanga ratorwa. Ikoku kazhinji kazhinji kwaizivisa kuti boka ramashoko rakanga richishandiswa muchiNgezi kupa mufungo unobatanidzwa mushoko rimwe romutauro wapakuvamba. Kwaikurumidza kugovera mushanduri murangariro wakadzikama wechaakanga achishandura. Kwaimubetsera kubata pfungwa inosiyanisa yeshoko guru romutauro wapakuvamba pamwe chete nerevo chaiyoiyo inodiwa namashoko akapoteredza nokudaro ndokuitaura zvakarurama mumutauro wake amene.

Vachishandisa aya mafaira ekombiyuta, vashanduri vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira vainzvera kuwanika kwose kweshoko ripi neripi rakapiwa muBhaibheri ndokugovera akaenzana omutauro womunzvimbomo nokuda kwekumwe nekumwe kwouku kuoneka maererano nezvakanga zvichidiwa nemashoko akapoteredza. Ikoku kwaizovimbisa mwero wakakwirira wokuwirirana. Basa romushanduri mumwe nomumwe raihwirudzurwa navamwe vanoshanda muboka racho kuitira kuti shanduro yacho igobetserwa nenzvero noruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwavo vose. Pashure pokunge ikoku kwaitwa, kombiyuta yaigona kushandiswa kuratidzira chikamu chakapiwa choRugwaro, ichiratidza shoko riri rose murugwaro rwechiNgezi, kiyi inonongedzera yezvaioneka mumutauro wapakuvamba, uye rakaenzana romutauro womunzvimbomo iro rakanga rasarudzwa. Ikoku kwaisazopedzisa basa racho. Mushanduri akanga achiri kungofanira kunatsa maumbirwe omutsetse ndokuuita kuti uravike zvakanaka mumutauro wake amene. Asi achiita ikoku, kwaizova kunokosha kuva nenzwisiso yakajeka yerevo yorugwaro rwacho. Kumubetsera, aigona kuenda pakarepo kutsinhiro dzeWatch Tower pandima yeBhaibheri kana kuti kutaura kupi nokupi kuri mairi.

Nguva yenzvero nokudaro inogona kudzorwa, uye mwero wakakwirira wewirirano waigona kuwanwa. Neimwe fambiro mberi yeiyi bviro, kunokarirwa kuti zvinyorwa zvinokosha zvikuru zvinogona kuitwa kuti zviwanikwe nokukurumidza kunyange mumitauro ine vashandi vakaganhurirwa vavashanduri. Kushandiswa kweichi chishandiswa kugovera mabhuku mukutsigira kuziviswa kweshoko roUmambo kwakazarura munda wakaisvonaka wokubudisa.

Nokudaro, kufanana nevaKristu biyazvo vapakuvamba, Zvapupu zvaJehovha munguva dzazvino uno zvinoshandisa mitoo yazvino kuparadzira Shoko raMwari. Kuti zvigosvika vanhu vazhinji zvikuru sevanobvira nemashoko akanaka, hazvina kutya kugamuchira denho itsva mumunda wokubudisa.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 578]

“Ngatiite kuti marasha ave kuedza kwacho”

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 595]

Kushongedzera mubatanidzwa wose wemunyika yose wemafekitari eWatch Tower nokuda kwokudhinda ne“offset”

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 596]

“Hatina chinhu kunze kwerumbidzo nokuda . . . [kwe]vanhu veWatchtower”

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 581]

Kuronga Mashoko Nokuda Kwokudhinda

Pakutanga kwose kwaiitwa neruoko, vara rimwe panguva

South Africa

Kuvambira muna 1920 kusvikira muna 1980, michina yeLinotype yakashandiswa

United States

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo kuronga mashoko nokuda kwokudhinda kwaiitwa nemichina yeMonotype

Japan

Zvino muitiro we“phototypesetting” nekombiyuta unoshandiswa

Germany

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 582]

Kugadzira Ma“plate”

Kuvambira muma1920 kusvikira kuma1980, ma“plate” omutobvu akagadzirwa nokuda kwokudhinda ne“letterpress”

[Mifananidzo]

1. Mitsetse yemabhii okudhinda ye- mapeji amashoko akadhindwa yaipi- nzwa mumafuremu emarata anonzi ma“chase”

2. Muku- tsikirirwa, kudhindwa kwokunyora kwaiitwa pazvinhu zvaigona kushandiswa sema“mold”

3. Mutobvu unopisa waidururirwa mumameti (kana kuti “mold”) kuti vagadzire ma“plate” akakombama okudhindisa

4. Marata asingadiwi aibviswa pamusoro pe“plate”

5. Ma“plate” acho aizorwa “nickel” nokuda kwokugara kwenguva refu

Gare gare, ma“negative” emapeji e“phototypeset” aimiswa zvakanaka, uye mifananidzo yaiiswa munzvimbo yayo. Mapoka amapeji aichinjirwa nenzira yokutora mufananidzo kuma“plate” okudhindisa e“offset” anochinjika

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 585]

‘Ufakazi Hwomudzimu waJehovha’

“Kudhindwa kunobudirira kwemabhuku nemaBhaibheri pamichina ye“rotary” kwaiitwa nevanhu vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rushomanene kana kuti vasina [uye panguva apo vamwe vakanga vachigere kukuita] ufakazi hwetarisiro yaJehovha nenhungamiro yomudzimu wake,” akadaro Charles Fekel. Hama Fekel vaisanoziva chaibatanidzwa, nokuti vakanga vagoverana mukubudirira kwokudhinda padzimbahwe reSosaiti kweinopfuura hafu yezana ramakore. Mumakore avo apashure, ivo vakabatira somutezo woMutumbi Unodzora.

[Mufananidzo]

Charles Fekel

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 586]

Kuvimba naMwari Wamasimba Ose

Chimwe chakaitika chakarondedzerwa naHugo Riemer, aichimbova mukoto wokutenga nawo weWatch Tower Society, chinoratidzira nzira iyo Watch Tower Society inoita nayo basa rayo.

Mukati meHondo Yenyika II, mapepa okudhindira akaganhurirwa muUnited States. Kukumbira migove kwaifanira kuitwa kudare rakagadzwa nehurumende. Pane imwe nhambo imwe yesosaiti dzakakurumbira dzeBhaibheri yakaita kuti magweta, vanamuzvinabhizimisi vakuru, vaparidzi, uye vamwe imomo vaimiririre pamberi pedare. Vakapiwa mashomanene zvikuru kupfuura avaida. Pashure pokunge chikumbiro chavo chanzwiwa, dare racho rakadana Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. Apo Hugo Riemer naMax Larson vakapinda, sachigaro akabvunza, kuti: “Vaviri venyu chete here?” Mhinduro yacho: “Hungu. Tinovimba kuti Mwari Wamasimba Ose anesuwo.” Vakapiwa migove yose yavakanga vachida.

[Mufananidzo]

Hugo Riemer

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 587]

Michina Yokudhinda

Michina yokudhinda yemhatsa dzakawanda yakashandiswa neWatch Tower Society mukudhinda kwayo

[Mifananidzo]

Kwamakore akawanda michina yokudhinda inonzi “flat- bed” yemarudzi akawanda yakashandiswa (Germany)

Michina yokudhinda mabasa maduku yakashandiswa kudhinda kwete bedzi mafomu namahendibhiri asiwo magazini (U.S.A.)

Munzvimbo dzayo dzakasiyana-siyana dzokudhinda, 58 yeiyi michina yokudhinda mavara inonzi MAN “rotary” yakabva kuGermany ya- kashandiswa (Canada)

Zvino, michina yokudhinda ye“web offset” inokurumidza zvikuru ine mavara mana yakagadzirwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana iri kushandiswa muhofisi huru dzokudhindira dzeSosaiti

Italy

Germany

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 588, 589]

Kubhainda Mabhuku

Kumwe kwokubhainda kwapakuvamba mufekitari dzeWatch Tower kwaiitwa namaoko (Switzerland)

Kubudisa kwapamwero mukuru muUnited States kwaida nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakaparadzana

1. Kuunganidza zvikamu zvemapeji

2. Kuzvibatanidza pamwe chete

3. Kuisa giruu kumucheto kwamapepa

4. Kuchekerera

5. Kutsvindisa mabutiro

6. Kuisa mabutiro pamabhuku

7. Kutsikirira mabhuku acho kusvikira giruu yaoma

Zvino, panzvimbo pokusona, kubatanidza kwokudzvinyirira kunoshandiswa kazhinji kazhinji, uye michina inomhanya zvikuru ingabudisa mumwe nomumwe mabhuku 20 000 kana kupfuura pazuva

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 594]

Kusimudzira Zivo yoUmambo hwaMwari

Watch Tower Society panguva dzakasiyana-siyana yakabudisa mabhuku mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana inopfuura 290. Pakasvika 1992 vakanga vachibudisa mabhuku mumitauro 210. Kwose ikoku kwakaitwa kuti vagobetsera vanhu kuziva pamusoro poUmambo hwaMwari nechahunoreva nokuda kwavo. Pakati peyamuro dzavo dzefundo yeBhaibheri dzakaparadzirwa zvakafara zvikurusa kusvikira zvino ndedzinotevera:

“Zvokwadi inotungamirira kuupenyu husingagumi” (1968, muchiNgezi): makopi 107 553 888, mumitauro 117

“Iwe Unogona Kurarama Nokusingaperi muParadhiso Pasi Pano” (1982, muchiNgezi): makopi 62 428 231, mumitauro 115

“Farikanya Upenyu Pasi Pano Nokusingaperi!” (1982): makopi 76 203 646, mumitauro 200

Nhamba dzapiwa pamusoro apa ndedzegore ra1992.

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 598]

Kurekodwa Kwemakaseti

Mukuwedzera kukushandisa mashoko akadhi- ndwa mubasa rayo rokuparidza evhangeri, kubvira muna 1978 Watch Tower Society yakabudisa makaseti okuteerera—makopi anopfuura mamiriyoni 65 pamichina yayo imene muUnited States neGermany.

“New World Translation” yose iri pamakaseti okuteerera muchiNgezi, chiFrench, chiGerman, chiItalian, chiJapanese, uye chiSpanish. Pakasvika 1992 zvitsama zvakasiyana-siyana zveiyi shanduro yeBhaibheri zvakanga zvichiwanikawo pamakaseti okuteerera mumimwe mitauro misere.

Seyamuro mukudzidzisa vana vaduku, kurekodwa kwematepi nokuda kwezvinyorwa zve“Bhuku Rangu Renhau dzeBhaibheri” uye “KuTeerera kunoMudzidzisi muKuru,” izvo zvakarongedzerwa zvikurukuru nokuda kwavaduku.

Mukuwedzera, mune dzimwe nyika matepi okuteerera anobudiswa nokuda kwokuparidza muredhiyo.

Zvakarekodwa zvinoitwa ne“orchestra” inoumbwa chose chose neZvapupu. Aya matepi anoshandiswa sezvokuimba pamwe chete nazvo pakokorodzano dzeZvapupu zvaJehovha. Kurongwa kwakaisvonaka kwe“orchestra” kweidzi nziyo kunowanikawo nokuda kwokufarikanya kwapamusha.

Mitambo yakarekodwa (yose iri miviri yomuzuva razvino uno nenhoroondo dzeBhaibheri) inoshandiswa pakokorodzano, apo vatambi vari Zvapupu vanobetsera vateereri kuisa muchiono zviitiko zvacho. Mimwe yaiyoyi inoshandiswa gare gare nokuda kwevaraidzo inorayiridza neinofarikanywa yemhuri.

Ose ari maviri magazini e“Nharireyomurindi” ne“Mukai!” anowanika pamakaseti okuteerera muchiNgezi nechiFinnish. Zvakare, “Nharireyomurindi” inowanikawo muchiFrench, chiGerman, chiDanish, chiNorwegian, uye chiSwedish. Ainzi pakuvamba ndeevanhu vakanga vasingaoni zvakanaka, aya matepi anoongwawo nezviuru zvakawanda zvevamwe.

[Mufananidzo]

J. E. Barr ari musitudhiyo yokurekodha

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 600, 601]

Kushandiswa Kwamakaseti Evhidhiyo Mukuziviswa kwoUmambo

Muna 1990 Watch Tower Society yakapinda mumunda mutsva kupfurikidza nokubudisa kaseti yayo yokutanga yevhidhiyo yakagadzirirwa kuparadzirwa kuvoruzhinji.

Kwakafungidzirwa mugore iroro kuti mhuri dzinopfuura 200 000 000 kupota nyika yose dzaiva namaVCR (marekodha emakaseti evhidhiyo) amarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Kunyange munyika umo makanga musina zviteshi zveterevhizheni, maVCR akanga achishandiswa. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwamakaseti evhidhiyo somutoo womurayiridzo kwakagovera nzira itsva yokusvika nayo vateereri vakapararira.

Pakuvamba sa1985, basa rakanga ravamba pakuratidzwa kwevhidhiyo kwakagadzirirwa kuratidza avo vanoshanyira zvivako zvayo mimwe yemibato padzimbahwe renyika reSosaiti. Pashure penguva yakati, kuratidzwa kwevhidhiyo kwakabvumikisawo kuva kunochengetedza nguva mukurovedzanisa mitezo mitsva yemhuri yeBheteri nenzvimbo. Uyu mutoo wokurayiridza waigona kushandiswa mudzimwe nzira kubatsira mubasa renyika yose rokuita vadzidzi here? Dzimwe dzehama dzakadavira kuti waigona kudaro.

Somugumisiro, muna October 1990, kaseti yevhidhiyo inonzi “Jehovah’s Witnesses—The Organization Behind the Name” yakabudiswa. Davidzo yacho yakanga yakakura. Kumbiriso dzakawanda nokuda kwedzakawanda dzepurogiramu dzakadaro dzakagamuchirwa. Kugovera chinodikanwa chacho, dhipatimendi idzva rinonzi Video Services rakatangwa.

Zvapupu zvakanga zviri nyanzvi mumunda wacho zvakapa nokufara betsero yazvo. Michina yakawanwa. Masitudhiyo akarongwa. Boka rine makamera rakavamba kuenda kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana kundotora mafirimu evanhu nezvinhu zvaigona kushandiswa mukuratidzwa kwevhidhiyo kwakaitirwa kuvaka kutenda. “Orchestra” yamarudzi akawanda yose yeZvapupu iyo yakanga yabetsera yabetserazve nemabasa chaiwo yakagovera nziyo idzo dzaigona kunakisa ratidziro dzevhidhiyo.

Rongedzero dzakaitwa dzokusvika mamwe mapoka emitauro. Pakasvika pakati pa1992, vhidhiyo inonzi “Jehovah’s Witnesses—The Organization Behind the Name” yakanga ichitumirwa mumitauro inopfuura gumi nemiviri. Yakanga yarekodwa mumitauro 25, kubatanidza mimwe yokuEastern Europe. Mukuwedzera, gadziriro dzakanga dzichiitwa dzakaitwa muchiMandarin pamwe chete nechiCantonese nokuda kwavanhu veChina. Sosaiti yakanga yawanawo maruramiro okubudisazve ndokuparadzira “Purple Triangles,” vhidhiyo iri pamusoro peperero yemhuri yeZvapupu muGermany mukati menguva yeNazi. Mukati menhambo yamakore maviri, makaseti evhidhiyo anopfuura miriyoni imwe akanga abudiswa nokuda kwokushandiswa neZvapupu zvaJehovha muushumiri hwazvo.

Ngwariro chaiyo yakapiwa kuzvinodikanwa zvematsi. Makopi e“Jehovah’s Witnesses—The Organization Behind the Name” akabudiswa muMutauro Wamasaini weAmerica. Uye fundo dzakaitwa nomurangariro wokugovera mavhidhiyo ayo aizova akakodzera nokuda kwavanhu vari matsi mudzimwe nyika.

Apo ikoku kwakanga kuchiitwa, basa rakanga richiitwa kubudisa nhevedzano iyo yaizobetsera kuvaka kutenda bhuku riri hwaro humene hwokutenda kwechiKristu, Bhaibheri. Pakasvika September 1992, rutivi rwokutanga rwepurogiramu iyoyo, “The Bible—Accurate History, Reliable Prophecy,” rwakanga rwakakwana muchiNgezi, uye zvinyorwa mumimwe mitauro zvakanga zvichigadzirwa.

Makaseti evhidhiyo haasati ari kutongotsiva peji yakadhindwa kana kuti kupupura kwomunhu oga. Zvinyorwa zveSosaiti zvinopfuurira kuita basa rinokosha mukuparadzira mashoko akanaka. Basa rapaimba neimba reZvapupu zvaJehovha rinoramba riri rutivi rwapaMagwaro rwoushumiri hwazvo rwune hwaro hwakasimba. Zvisinei, makaseti evhidhiyo zvino anowedzera izvi sezvishandiswa zvinokosha nokuda kwokusakurira kutenda muzvipikirwa zvinokosha zvaJehovha nokunyandura kuonga zvaari kuita kuti zviitwe pasi pano muzuva redu.

[Mifananidzo]

1. Pashure pokunge zviri mukati zvikuru zvasarudzwa, kutepa nevhidhiyo kunopfuurira sezvo “script” yacho inokudziridzwa

2. Mifananidzo inosarudzwa uye nhevedzano yayo inosarudzwa mukati mokupepetwa kwayo kwe“off-line”

3. Nziyo dze“orchestra” idzo dzakarongwa chaizvo dzinorekodwa kuwedzera kuratidzira

4 Nziyo dzakarongwa nomutinhimira dzinobatanidzwa nekurondedzera nemifananidzo

5. Mativi okuteerera neokuona anopepetwa kekupedzisira

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 576]

Kudhindwa chaikoiko kweizvi zvinyorwa zvapakuvamba kwaiitwa nemafemu ezvokutengeserana

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 577]

C. A. Wise akaedza kuti aone kana Vadzidzi veBhaibheri vaifanira kuvakazve dzimbahwe muBrooklyn

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 579]

Muchina wokutanga weSosaiti wokudhinda we“rotary” wakashandiswa kudhinda makopi 4 000 000 e“Golden Age” Nha. 27 yakananga

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 580]

R. J. Martin (kurudyi), mutariri wokutanga wefekitari yeSosaiti yeBrooklyn, achikurukurirana naHama Rutherford

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 583]

Imwe yehofisi dzokutanga dzokudhindira dzeSosaiti muEurope (Bern, Switzerland)

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 584]

MuMagdeburg, Germany, Sosaiti yakatanga hofisi yokudhindira muma1920

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 590, 591]

Elandsfontein, South Africa (1972)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 590]

Numazu, Japan (1972)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 590]

Strathfield, Australia (1972)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 590]

São Paulo, Brazil (1973)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 591]

Lagos, Nigeria (1974)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 591]

Wiesbaden, Germany (1975)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 591]

Toronto, Canada (1975)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 597]

Kuronga zviratidzo zvinomirira mabhii zvema“font” kwakawanda kwakaitwa neZvapupu kugovera zvinodikanwa zvazvo zvamabhuku eBhaibheri mumitauro yakawanda (Brooklyn, N.Y.)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 599]

Nzvimbo dzokushandira dzine kombiyuta ine mavara dzinogonesa varongi vokudhirowa kuisa munzvimbo, kuronga, uye kuchenesa mifananidzo kupfurikidza nekombiyuta

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 602]

Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinoshandisa gadziriro dzamakombiyuta kukurumidzisa nokuchenesa basa rekushandurwa kweBhaibheri (Korea)