Matambudziko Ari Kusangana Nevaduku Vanhasi
KUKURA—kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kwazvo—kungava nguva inovhiringidza zvikuru. Pakukura vaduku vanonetswa nemanzwiro matsva uye nepfungwa. Vanosangana nematambudziko zuva nezuva anobva kuvadzidzisi vavo nevamwe. Vanogara vachifurirwa nezvavanoona mumitambo yeTV, mimhanzi, uye Indaneti. Saka mumwe mushumo wokuUnited Nations unorondedzera kukura se“nguva yokuchinja yakanyanya kuzara nokuzvidya mwoyo uye kufunganya.”
Zvinosuwisa kuti kakawanda kacho vaduku havana ruzivo zvikuru rwokurarama vasingavhiringidzwi nokuzvidya mwoyo uye kufunganya. (Zvirevo 1:4) Kana vechiduku vakashaya anovatungamirira zvakanaka, zviri nyore kuti vatange kuita zvinhu zvinovakuvadza. Somuenzaniso, mushumo weUnited Nations unoti: “Kuongorora kunoratidza kuti munhu anowanzotanga kushandisa zvinodhaka achiri kukura kana kuti achangoti darikei makore 20.” Zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa nezvemimwe miitiro isina kunaka, yakadai sechisimba uye younzenza.
Vabereki vanoramba zvinhu zvakadaro vachiti zviri kungoitika “kuvarombo” chete kana kuti kune mamwe mapoka emadzinza vanowanzozozvidemba chaizvo. Zvinetso zviri kusangana nevaduku nhasi zvinowanika kwose, kuvapfumi nevarombo, munzanga dzose uye kumarudzi ose evanhu. “Kana uchifunga kuti ‘misikanzwa yevaduku’ inongoitwa nomumwewo mukomana ane makore 17 anobva muboka rakaderera aina amai varombo vanotoita zvokupona nokubatsirwa nesangano rinoyamura varombo, wanga usiri kuteerera nhau dziri kubuda mazuva ano,” anonyora kudaro mumwe munyori anonzi Scott Walter. “Nhasi vana vane matambudziko vanogona kunge vari varungu, vanogona kunge vachigara mumusha wevanhu vakapfuma zviri pakati nepakati kusvika kune vakapfuma zvikuru, vanogona kunge vaine makore ari (pasi pasi zvikuru) pe16, uye vanogona kunge vari vasikana kana vakomana.”
Zvisinei, nei vaduku vakawanda kwazvo vari pangozi? Vechiduku vekare havana here kusanganawo nematambudziko nemiedzo? Vakasangana nazvo, asi tiri kurarama munguva inorondedzerwa neBhaibheri se“nguva dzinonetsa dzakaoma kubata nadzo.” (2 Timoti 3:1-5) Kune mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti vaduku vazvidye mwoyo asina kumboitika. Ngationgororei mamwe acho.
Kuchinja Mumhuri
Somuenzaniso, chimbofunga nezvokuchinja kwoupenyu hwemhuri. “Vana vokuAmerica vanodarika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu vasati vasvitsa makore 18 vanoona vabereki vavo vachirambana,” inodaro Journal of Instructional Psychology. Nhamba dzakafanana dzinogona kuwanikawo munyika dzokuMadokero. Muchato wevabereki vavo zvaunoparara, vaduku ava vanoshungurudzika chaizvo. Journal yacho inoti, “Kakawanda kacho, vana vanenge vachangobva kuona vabereki vavo vachirambana vanoomerwa chaizvo nezvidzidzo zvavo zvokuchikoro uye kushamwaridzana nevamwe kana vachienzaniswa nevana vanobva mumhuri dzine vabereki vose kana mubereki agara kwenguva yakati rebei ari oga kana mumhuri dzine vabereki vokurera . . . Uyezve, kurambana kwevabereki kunoita kuti mwana asave nepfungwa dzakatsiga uye anzwe asingaremekedzeki.”
Nhamba iri kuwedzera yevakadzi vakapinda mabasa yakachinjawo upenyu hwemhuri. Kumwe kuongorora kwakaitwa pavana vakapara mhosva muJapan kwakaratidza kuti zvakaomera mhuri dzine vabereki vanoshanda kuti vatarisire vana vavo kudarika mhuri dziya dzine mumwe mubereki anosara pamusha.
Ichokwadi kuti, mumhuri dzakawanda zvinotoda kuti vanhu vaviri vashande kuti pawanike zvinodiwa zvoupenyu. Kana vabereki vaviri vakashanda zvinogona kuita kuti vana vave noupenyu hwakanaka chaizvo. Asi zvine zvazvakaipirawo: Vana vanosvika mamiriyoni vanodzoka kubva kuchikoro vachiona mumba musina munhu. Vabereki pavanosvika, kazhinji kacho vanenge vakaneta uye vachingofunga zvinetso zvokubasa. Zvinoguma nei? Vana vakawanda vane makore 13 kusvika ku19 havasi kutarisirwa zvakakwana nevabereki vavo. “Hatipedzi nguva tiri pamwe chete mumhuri yedu,” akachema-chema kudaro mumwe muduku.
Vakawanda vanocherechedza vanofunga kuti izvi hazviiti kuti remangwana revaduku rive rakanaka. “Ndinofunga kuti nzira yokurera nayo vana yakatanga makore makumi matatu adarika inoita kuti pave nevana vasina ushamwari, vasingadi kukurukura, vasingagoni kudzidza uye vasingadzoreki,” anodaro Dr. Robert Shaw. “Vabereki vari kuzviwana vava varanda venzanga inonyanya kuda zvinhu zvakawanda zvokuti vanopedza maawa akawanda kwazvo vari kubasa uye mari yakawanda kwazvo zvichivatadzisa kuwana nguva yokuita zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti vakurukure nevana vavo.”
Chimwezve chinokanganisa upenyu hwevaduku ava ndechokuti: Vana vane vabereki vanoshanda vanowanzova nenguva yakawanda kwazvo vasina anovatungamirira. Kushayikwa kwoutungamiriri hwevabereki kuzvisikira moto muziso.
Kuchinja Kuri Kuita Maonerwo Echirango
Kuchinja kuri kuita maonerwo echirango kwakakanganisawo vechiduku vanhasi. Sokutaura kwakananga kwakaita Dr. Ron Taffel, vabereki vakawanda “havashandisi simba ravo.” Zvadai, izvi zvinoita kuti vaduku vakure vaine mirayiridzo kana kuti mirayiro mishoma ndokunge ichitombovapo inovadzora pane zvavanoita.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinoita sokuti vabereki vanorera vana vavo vasingadi kutevedzera kurerwa kusina kunaka kwavanenge vakaitwa vachiri vaduku. Vanoda kuva shamwari dzevana vavo—kwete kuva varangi. “Ndairegeredza chaizvo,” vanobvuma kudaro vamwe amai. “Vabereki vangu vaiomesa chaizvo; ndaida kurera mwana wangu nenzira yakasiyana. Ndakatadza.”
Vamwe vabereki vanosvika papi panyaya iyi? Pepanhau rinonzi USA Today rinoti: “Kuongorora kwazvino kwevaduku vanoda kusvika 600 vari kurapwa pamusana pokushandisa zvinodhaka muNew York, Texas, Florida nokuCalifornia kwakaratidza kuti 20% vakashandisa zvimwe zvinodhaka zvisiri doro vari pamwe chete nevabereki vavo, uye vanenge 5% pavaduku vacho vakatanga kupiwa zvinodhaka—zvikurukuru mbanje—navanaamai kana kuti navanababa vavo.” Chii chingaita kuti mubereki aite zvinhu zvisina musoro kudaro? Mumwe mubereki akati: “Ndakaudza mwanasikana wangu kuti ndingasva hangu ndamubvumira kushandisa zvinodhaka pamba pandinoramba ndichimuona.” Kunenge kuti vamwe vanofunga kuti kushandisa zvinodhaka pamwe chete inzira yo“kusimbisa ukama” nevana vavo.
Kufurirwa Nezvinobudisa Nhau
Kunewo kufurira kune simba kwezvinobudisa nhau. Maererano nomumwe mutsvakurudzi anonzi Marita Moll, kumwe kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti paavhareji vaduku vari muUnited States vanopedza maawa mana uye maminitsi 48 pazuva vachiona TV kana kuti vachishandisa kombiyuta.
Izvozvo pachazvo zvakaipa here? Imwe nyaya yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi Science yakataura kuti “masangano matanhatu makuru evanhu vane ruzivo muUnited States,” kusanganisira reAmerican Medical Association, akasvika pakubvumirana ose kuti chisimba chinobuda muzvinhu zvinobudisa nhau ndicho chinokonzera “unhu hwechisimba hune vamwe vana.” “Pasinei nokubvumirana kwenyanzvi dzacho,” yakadaro magazini yeScience, “zvinoita sokuti vanhu vasina ruzivo havaoni kuti chisimba chinoratidzwa muzvinhu zvinobudisa nhau ndicho chiri kukonzera nzanga ine chisimba.”
Somuenzaniso, chimbofunga nezvemavhidhiyo emimhanzi. Vabereki vanowanzorohwa nehana nokuratidzwa zvakajeka kunoitwa unzenza mumamwe emavhidhiyo aya. Anogona here kukanganisa chaizvoizvo maitiro evamwe vaduku? Maererano nokumwe kuongorora kwakaitwa vadzidzi 500 vokukoreji, “mimhanzi ine mashoko echisimba inowedzera mafungiro nemanzwiro echisimba.” Maererano nokumwe kuongorora kuchangobva kuitwa, “vaduku vanopedza nguva yakawanda vachiona unzenza nechisimba chinobudiswa . . . mumavhidhiyo e‘vaimbi’ verap vangangotevedzera izvozvo muupenyu chaihwo.” Ongororo iyi yakaitwa pavasikana vanodarika 500 yakaratidza kuti vazhinji vevaya vanoona mavhidhiyo evaimbi verap zvaiva nyore kuti varove mudzidzisi, vasungwe, uye varare nevanhu vakawanda.
Vaduku Nemakombiyuta
Mumakore achangopfuura kombiyuta yakavawo nebasa guru pakuchinja pfungwa dzevaduku. “Vanhu vane makombiyuta mudzimba dzavo vawanda zvinoshamisa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura,” inodaro magazini inonzi Pediatrics. “Munyika yose [yomuUnited States], zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemhuri dzine mwana anoenda kuchikoro (ane makore 6-17) dzine kombiyuta . . . Vana vaiva nemakore 3 kusvika ku17 muUnited States uye vaigara mumusha une kombiyuta vakawedzera kubva pa55% muna 1998 kusvika ku65% muna 2000.” Kombiyuta yava kunyanya kushandiswa mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda zvekare.
Zvisinei, wechiduku haafaniri hake kunge aine kombiyuta yake kuti agone kuishandisa. Nokudaro mumwe mutsvakurudzi anoti “vanhu vaduku vanenge 90% vane makore 5 kusvika ku17 vanoshandisa makombiyuta, uye 59% pane ivava vanoshandisa Indaneti.” Izvi zvinoita kuti vaduku vawane mashoko kupfuura zvazvaiita kare—chaizova chinhu chakanaka kudai kombiyuta yacho yaishandiswa zvakanaka, uye paine mukuru anotarisira zvakakwana. Asi zvinosuwisa chaizvo kuti vabereki vakawanda vakabvumira vaduku kuti vashandise kombiyuta pasina mitemo inovadzora.
Kuratidza uchapupu hweizvi, mumwe mutsvakurudzi anonzi Moll anonyora mumagazini inonzi Phi Delta Kappan kuti maererano neongororo yakaitwa muna 2001 yokushandiswa kweIndaneti, “vabereki 71 muzana vaifunga kuti vaiziva ‘zvakawanda chaizvo kana kuti zvakakwana’ nezvokushandisa kwaiita vana vavo Indaneti. Asi vana pavakabvunzwa mubvunzo iwoyo, 70% vakataura kuti vabereki vavo vaiziva ‘zvishomanana chaizvo kana kuti hapana chavaiziva’ nezvokushandisa kwavaiita Indaneti.” Maererano neongororo iyi, “30% yevane makore 9 kusvika ku10 vakati vaisvika munzvimbo dzokukurukurirana dzinotenderwa vakuru chete nedzepachivande dzepaIndaneti. Dambudziko racho rinotonyanya kuwedzera, 58% yevane makore 11 kusvika ku12, 70% yevane makore 13 kusvika ku14, uye 72% yevane makore 15 kusvika ku17 vanoti vanozviitawo. . . . Muongororo yakaitwa kuBritain yevanoshandisa Indaneti pamba, mubereki mumwe chete pavanomwe akabvuma kuti akanga asingazivi kuti vana vavo vaionei paIndaneti.”
Kushandiswa kweIndaneti pasina anotarisira kungaita kuti vaduku vaone zvinonyadzisira. Zvisinei, ngozi dzacho hadzigumiri ipapo. Taffel ambotaurwa anochema-chema achiti: “Vana vedu vari kuwana shamwari kuchikoro nepaIndaneti—uye zviri kuguma zvaitika ndezvokuti vari kupedza nguva nevanhu kazhinji kacho vatisingazombosangani navo.”
Zviri pachena kuti vaduku vanhasi vari kusangana nematambudziko uye zvinetso zvisina kumbosangana nezvizvarwa zvekare. Saka hazvishamisi kuti vaduku vakawanda vari kuita zvinhu zvinovakanganisa! Pane chingaitwa here chingabatsira vaduku vanhasi?
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 6]
“Ndinofunga kuti nzira yokurera nayo vana yakatanga makore makumi matatu adarika inoita kuti pave nevana vasina ushamwari, vasingadi kukurukura, vasingagoni kudzidza uye vasingadzoreki.”—DR. ROBERT SHAW
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 6, 7]
Kutanga kuenda kubasa kwevakadzi vakawanda kwakachinjawo upenyu hwemhuri
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Zviri nyore kuti vana vasina anotungamirira vapinde mumatambudziko
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]
Vatsvakurudzi vakati mavhidhiyo emimhanzi ine chisimba ndiwo anokonzera unhu hwechisimba
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]
Uri kuziva zviri kuona vana vako paIndaneti here?