Gomo reSinai—Chinhu Chinokosha Murenje
HANDIMBOKANGANWI mufaro wandakanzwa pandakatanga kuona Gomo rekare reSinai. Sezvatakamonereka nerwendo rwedu nemunzvimbo inopisa, ine huruva yeSinai Peninsula muEgypt, tekisi yedu nenguva isipi yakasvika Mubani rakati sandara, reer-Raha. Gomo reSinai rinotyisa rakatanga kuoneka zvakajeka richikwira kubva mubani iroro. Raiita sechinhu chinokosha, chakaiswa murenje. Zvainakidza kufunga kuti ndiro ringangova gomo chairoiro mariri Mosesi akagamuchira Mutemo kubva kuna Mwari!
Kunyange zvazvo pachiri nokumwe kupokana pamusoro penzvimbo chaiyoiyo yeGomo reSinai remuBhaibheri, vashanyi venzvimbo tsvene vave vachiuya pano kwemazana amakore akawanda nokuti vanodavira kuti iri ndiro gomo racho rine mbiri. Kare kare muzana rechitatu remakore C.E., vamwe vanhu vaizvinyima vakasvika, nechinangwa chokuzviparadzanisa vachifunga nezvechitendero. Muzana remakore rechitanhatu, Mambo weByzantium Justinian I akarayira kuti imba yemamongi inenge nhare ivakwe pano kuti adzivirire vanhu vaizvinyima ava, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuvapo kwevaRoma munzvimbo yacho. Imba yemamongi iyoyo, iri pedyo nemujinga meGomo rekare reSinai, zvino inozivikanwa seSt. Catherine’s. Huregererei kundiperekedza parwendo rwangu kuGomo reSinai?
Kuongorora Gomo Racho
Pashure pokufamba nomumupata wakaoma, mutyairi wedu wetekisi Bedouin akaburutsa mumwe wangu neni nechepazasi chaipo neimba yemamongi. Nzvimbo yacho yakavakwa neruware rwematombo asina kupurasitwa, uye zvidziro zveimba yemamongi zvemiti nebindu rakasvibira chiono chinofadza. Asi tinozvipfuura, sezvo chinangwa chedu chaicho chiri chokukwira nhongonya yokumaodzanyemba todzika musasa wokurara ipapo usiku. Nhongonya iyi, Gebel Musa kureva kuti “Gomo raMosesi,” inozivikanwa seGomo rekare reSinai.
Kukwira kwedu kwemaawa maviri kunotisvitsa panonzi Gova raEria, mupata mudiki unokamuranisa muchinjiziri wakareba anenge makiromita matatu weGomo reSinai. Maererano negamuchidzanwa, maiva mubako riri pedyo nepano umo Eria akanzwa inzwi raMwari. (1 Madzimambo 19:8-13) Tinombotura befu pasi pemuti wemusipresi une makore 500. Panewo tsime rekare pano. Tinonakirwa sei nemvura yaro yakachena, inotonhorera, yatakapiwa neshamwari yedu Bedouin!
Tichitevera nzira yevashanyi yenguva dzose, tinonetsekera kukwira nhano 750 dzematombo kusvika pamusoro mumamwe maminiti 20. Ipapo tinowana chechi diki. Mamongi anotaura kuti yakavakirwa panzvimbo chaiyo iyo Mosesi akagamuchira Mutemo. Chechi yacho yakabatana nerinenge bako remabwe umo anoti Mosesi aizvivanza Mwari paaipfuura. (Eksodho 33:21-23) Asi chokwadi ndeichi, hapana munhu anonyatsoziva nzvimbo chaiyoiyo yenzvimbo idzi. Sezvineiwo, zvaunoona uri pamusoro hazvitsananguriki! Tinotarisa mhiri nepamitsara nemitsara yemakomo ematombo matsvuku egranite anonogumira mujinga rebani rine mabwe akangoita rimwe rimwe. Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumavirira kune Gebel Katherina, kana kuti Mount Catherine—rakareba mamita 2 637, nzvimbo yakakwirira kwazvo munzvimbo yacho.
Kukwira Ras Safsafa Riri Pedyo
Rimwe zuva racho rinotipa mukana wekukwira Ras Safsafa, nhongonya yaro iri pamuchinjiziri iwo uya wakareba anenge makiromita matatu seGebel Musa. Ras Safsafa ndiyo nhongonya yokuchamhembe, uye yakati pfupikei pane Gebel Musa. Ras Safsafa rinongoerekana rakwirira kubva paBani reer-Raha, vaIsraeri pavangave vakadzika misasa Mosesi paakakwira kunogamuchira Mutemo kuna Jehovha.
Sezvatinokwira takananga Ras Safsafa nomunzvimbo yakakwirira zvishoma nemipata, tinopfuura nepamatongo enzvimbo dzokunamatira, mapindu, uye zvitubu—zviratidzo zvenguva apo mamongi anopfuura zana navanamugarandega vaigara pano mumapako uye mumakamuri ematombo. Zvino pane mumongi mumwe chete asara.
Tinosangana nemumongi ari oga uyu mubindu rakapoteredzwa newaya refu ine minzwa. Achitibvumira kupinda, anotsanangura kuti ave achishanda mubindu iri kwemakore mashanu, achienda kuimba yemamongi kamwe bedzi pavhiki. Mumongi wacho anotitsanangurira masvikirwo ekuRas Safsafa, uye tinotenderera tichikwidza kusvikira pakupedzisira, tinomira pakakwirira kupfuura makomo akapoteredza. Tinogona kuona Bani rakafara reer-Raha pasi pedu. Kunyanya panzvimbo ino yakanaka, ndinogona kufungidzira iyi kuva nzvimbo iyo Mosesi akakwira nayo gomo achibva kumusasa wavaIsraeri kuti anomira pamberi paMwari. Mupfungwa dzangu ndinoona vaIsraeri mamiriyoni matatu vakaungana “pamberi pegomo” pabani rino rakafara. Ndinoisa muchiono Mosesi achiburuka mumani-mani uri parutivi, akatakura mumaoko ake mahwendefa maviri ane Mitemo Gumi yakanyorwa paari.— Eksodho 19:2; 20:18; 32:15.
Tagutsikana kuti kukwira kwedu kunoda simba kwave kwapedza zvakwaifanira, tinodzokera kutende redu zuva zvarainyura. Nechiedza chemoto mudiki, tinoverenga zvikamu zvaEksodho zvinorondedzera zviitiko zvaMosesi pano, uye ipapo tinorara. Mangwanani anotevera gare gare, tinogogodza pasuo reimba yemamongi yeSt. Catherine’s.
Mukati Meimba Yemamongi
St. Catherine’s inoonekwa sechimwe chezvivakwa zvinokosha kupfuura zvose muchiKristudhomu. Inochengetwa namamongi eGreek Orthodox, inozivikanwa kwete nemhaka yepairi chete asiwo nokuda kwemifananidzo uye raibhurari yayo. Muzhinji yenhau yayo yose, St. Catherine’s yaiva yoga zvakanyanya zvokuti kusvika kwevashanyi kwaiva kushoma uye chiitiko chaifadza. Mamongi aimbundira vaeni vawo, nokuvatsvoda nemwoyo wose, uye kunyange kuvageza tsoka dzavo. Vaeni vaigona kufamba-famba vakasununguka zvivako zvikuru zvisina kurongwa seri kwemasvingo emba yemamongi akareba nhano 45. ‘Garai kwevhiki, mwedzi, chero kusvikira pamunoda’ ndidzo dzakanga dziri tsinhiro dzomutsa dzaidzokororwa nemamongi. Zvisinei, mazuva ano, mutsa wemamongi gumi nevaviri kana kupfuura aripo mutoro unorema kwazvo. Zvino vashanyi vakawanda vanoda kusvika 50 000 vanouya kuzoona imba yemamongi gore roga roga.
Nemhaka yemapoka aya akawanda, kushanya kunonzi kuve maawa matatu pazuva, mazuva mashanu pavhiki. Vashanyi vangashanyira nzvimbo diki yeimba yemamongi chete—chivanze chine Tsime raMosesi (panonzi nengano Mosesi ndipo paakasangana neaizova mudzimai wake), Chechi yeKushanduka Chitarisiko (inodavirwa sechechi yekare kupfuura dzimwe dzose munyika), neimba inotengeserwa mabhuku. Vashanyi vanoratidzwawo Kamuri Rokunamatira Regwenzi Rinobvira Moto—nzvimbo chaiyoiyo, mamongi anoudza vashanyi, Mosesi yaakatanga kupupurira kuvapo kwaMwari. Sezvo mamongi achifunga kuti iyi ndiyo nzvimbo tsvene tsvene papasi rose, vanoshanyira pano vanokumbirwa kubvisa shangu dzavo, sezvakarayirwa Mosesi naMwari kuti aite.—Eksodho 3:5.
Tinoora mwoyo nokusabvumirwa kungotarisa zvishoma raibhurari reimba yemamongi rinozivikanwa, riri ndiro ratiri kunyanya kufarira pano. Chikumbiro chedu chemvumo chinodavirwa neanotungamirira boka nokutaura kwokuti: “Hazvibviri! Imba yemamongi ichapfigwa mumaminiti mashomanana.” Zvisinei, nguva yakatevera gare gare, patinobva muboka revashanyi, aitungamirira wacho anozevezera kwatiri achiti: “Douyai nokuno!” Tichipfuura nepasi petambo, ndokukwira napamitanhiko, ndokupfuura mumongi wechiFrench anoratidzika kushamiswa nokutiona imomo, tinozviwana tamira mukati meimwe raibhurari yekare kupfuura dzimwe dzose munyika yose uye inozivikanwa kwazvo! Ine mabhuku anopfuura 4 500, muchiGiriki, muchiArab, chiSiria, nechiEgipita. Paimwe nguva, yaimbovawo neCodex Sinaiticus rinokosha zvikuru kwazvo.—Ona bhokisi riri papeji 18.
Kuparadzana Kunosuruvarisa
Kushanya kwedu kunogumira panze pane masvingo eimba yemamongi uye kushanya kuimba yemapfupa. Imomo mapfupa ezvizvarwa nezvizvarwa zvemamongi neevanamugarandega akaunganidzwa, akakamuraniswa mumirwi yemapfupa emakumbo, mapfupa emaoko, madehenya, zvichingodaro. Madehenya anoda kusvika pedyo nedenga reimba. Nei nzvimbo inotyisa yakadaro ichionekwa seinokosha? Mamongi ane nzvimbo diki yemakuva chete. Saka mumwe paanofa, itsika yavo kubvisa mapfupa muguva rekare kuita kuti imwe nzvimbo yokuviga iwanike. Mumongi mumwe nomumwe anotarisira kuti rimwe zuva mapfupa ake achava pakati peevamwe vake ari muimba iyi yemapfupa.
Saka kushanya kwedu kunoguma nechimwe chinhu chinoti suruvarisei. Asi zvechokwadi kwave kwakafanirwa nenhamburiko yacho. Tanakidzwa nokuona zviono zvinoshamisa uye imba inozivikanwa yemamongi. Asi sezvatinobva, tinoororwa kwazvo nepfungwa yokuti zvichida tafamba nenzira imwe chete iyo Mosesi nerudzi rwaIsraeri vakafamba makore 3 500 akapfuura pano paGomo reSinai—chinhu chinokosha murenje.—Yakagoverwa.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 18]
Kuwanikwa Kunokosha
Muzana remakore rokupedzisira, mudzidzi weBhaibheri wokuGermany Konstantin von Tischendorf akawana runyoro rweBhaibheri rwechiGiriki romuzana rechina remakore, zvino rinonzi Codex Sinaiticus, muimba yemamongi yeSt. Catherine’s. Rinobatanidza akawanda emagwaro echiHebheru, anobva mushanduro yechiGiriki inonzi Septuagint, uyewo nemagwaro ose echiGiriki. Runyoro rwacho nderumwe rwekare kwazvo rwunozivikanwa rwemakopi ose emagwaro echiGiriki.
Tischendorf aida kubudisa zviri mukati meichi “chinhu chinokosha chisingaenzaniswi,” sekududza kwaakariita. Maererano naTischendorf, akakarakadza kumamongi kuti runyoro rwacho rwupiwe czar wechiRussia—iye, semuchengeti weChechi yeGreek Orthodox, aigona kushandisa simba rake kutsigira imba yemamongi.
Zvinoratidzwa parusvingo rweimba yemamongi ishanduro yetsamba yakasiyiwa naTischendorf, achivimbisa ku‘dzorera runyoro rwacho, rusina kukanganiswa, rwakanaka uye rwakachengeteka, kune Nzanga Tsvene yeGomo reSinai pachikumbiro chayo chokutanga.’ Zvisinei, Tischendorf, aifunga kuti mamongi aisaonga kukosha kukuru kwerunyoro rwacho kana kudikanwa kwokuribudisa. Haruna kudzorerwa kuSt. Catherine’s. Kunyange zvazvo mamongi gare gare akabvuma maruble 7 000 kubva kuhurumende yeRussia nokuda kwerunyoro rwacho, kusvikira kuzuva rino anoramba achinyumwira kwazvo kuedza kwevadzidzi kuzivisa pfuma yawo. Codex Sinaiticus gare gare yakaendeswa kuBritish Museum, kwaingaonekwa nhasi.
Zvinokoshawo kuti pane mabhokisi 47 emifananidzo uye ematehwe akaonekwa muna 1975 pasi perusvingo rwokuchamhembe rweSt. Catherine’s. Kuwanikwa uku kwakabatanidza anopfuura mapeji gumi nemaviri aishayikwa eCodex Sinaiticus. Kusvikira zvino, mapeji aya ave asingawaniki kuvose asi kuvashomana vevadzidzi.
[Mepu dziri papeji 17]
Gomo reSinai
[Kwazvakatorwa]
NASA photo
Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 16, 17]
Bani reer-Raha, uye Ras Safsafa
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 18]
Gebel Musa neSt. Catherine’s imba yemamongi
[Kwazvakatorwa]
British Museum ndiyo yakabvumira kutorwa kwemufananidzo uyu
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.