Njodzi Yacho Iri Munyika Yose
KUPONDWA kwakaipisisa kwevana vanogara mumigwagwa muBrazil ndomumwe muenzaniso wekusadzivirirwa kwevana vasingadiwi. Mashoko anobva munyika iyoyo akataura kuti mazana anoverengeka evana aiurawa gore rimwe nerimwe.
Vana vekuDunblane, Scotland, uye Wolverhampton, England, uye mune dzimwe nharaunda dzakawanda vave vachibatwa neutsinye. Somuenzaniso, fungidzira kutambura kwaMaria ane makore 12, nherera yekuAngola yakabatwa chibharo ndokuva nepamuviri. Gare gare akamanikidzwa kufamba anenge makiromita 320, zvadaro akazobereka gavamwedzi iro rakararama vhiki mbiri chete. Maria akafa papfuura vhiki imwe nekurwara, nekushaiwa zvokudya zvakakwana.
Muna 1992 mashoko eUnited Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) akataura kuti “‘hondo nevana’ yakatanga muzana remakore rechi20.” Maererano nemashoko a1996 akabudiswa neUNICEF, pfungwa dzevamwe ndedzekuti ‘zvizvarwa zveramangwana zvevavengi, ndiko kuti, vana vevavengi, zvinofanira kuparadzwawo.’ Mumwe mutsinhiri wezvematongerwo enyika akazvitaura nenzira iyi: “Kuti uuraye makonzo makuru, unofanira kuuraya makonzo madiki.”
Vana vanosvika mamiriyoni maviri vakafa nerufu rwechisimba munguva inosvika makore gumi ichangobva kupfuura. Vamwe vanosvika mamiriyoni mana vakaguma varemadzwa, vapofumadzwa, kana kuti vakuvadzwa pfungwa nezvimbambaira, vachiedza zvose zvavanogona kuti vararame pamwe chete nemamwe mamiriyoni akawanda ayo akarasikirwa nemisha yawo muhondo. Hazvishamisi kuti mashoko acho aiva nomusoro wenyaya unoti: “Zviono Zvinotyisa Zveutsinye Hwehondo Pavana.”
Utsinye uhwu hunoitirwa vana hunokangaidza vanhu, uchapupu hwechokwadi hwekuti vana vari munjodzi, kwete munyika shomanene chete asi munyika yose. Uye vana vakawanda vakabatwa zvisina kufanira vakanyengedzwawo.
Kunyengedzwa Nevavaivimba Navo
Kunyengedzwa kwemwana nemunhu waanovimba naye kunogona kusiya mavanga akaipisisa. Zvinonyanya kudaro kana ari mubereki, shamwari, kana kuti murayiridzi anonyengedza mwana anomuvimba. Kuwanda kwekubatwa kwevana zvisina kufanira nevabereki kunogona kuonekwa nokudirana kwenhare dzakatambirwa parunhare rwokupira matambudziko akavanzika pashure pokubudiswa mumhepo kwechirongwa chainzi “Kutyiswa Wakanyarara: Kufumura Nekugumisa Kushandiswa Zvisina Kufanira Kwevana,” icho chakaburitswa naOprah Winfrey anozivikanwa muUnited States nechirongwa chekukurukurirana. “Nhare dzenjodzi dzainyanya kuvhundutsa dzaibva kuvana vadiki, vairidza vachitya, vachida kutiza marwadzo ekurohwa kana kuti kumanikidzwa kurarwa navo,” akadaro executive producer Arnold Shapiro, mumashoko ake ari mumagazini yeChildren Today.
Chiitiko ichi chakabatsira zvikuru kubvisa pfungwa yekuti vanobata vana zvisina kufanira vanhu vasingazivikanwi vanotyisa zvikuru. Idi nderekuti “kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwakawanda zvikuru kunoitwa nevabereki nedzimwe hama dzepedyo,” anogumisa kudaro Shapiro. Kumwe kuongorora kunopupurira zvakawanika izvi uyewo kunoratidza kuti shamwari dzemhuri dzinovimbwa pane dzimwe dzakagadzirira mwana nemhuri nokuda kwekubatwa zvisina kufanira kwemwana kwakanyatsorongwa gare gare. Makunakuna kukundikana zvachose kuvimbwa.
Kumanikidza kurara nevana kunoitwa nevanoshinha nevana ndechimwe chinhu chinoisa upenyu hwevana mungozi munyika yose. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice inopa rondedzero iyi: “Tsika yekurara nevana inoreva kukwezverwa kushinha nevana vadiki-diki. . . . Tsika yokurara nevana nguva dzose inobatanidza kuparwa kwemhosva dzakadai sekuchinya, kusachena uye mhosva dzine chokuita nezvinhu zvinoratidza unzenza zvevana.”
Mashoko asingafadzi ezvikwata zvevanoshinha nevana, zvinokara kushinha nevana, ari kuramba achidirana kubva munyika yose. (Ona bhokisi riri papeji 7.) Vanoshinhwa vacho vakomana vadiki nevasikana vadiki. Vanyengedzwa nevarume vasina tsika, vanoshinhwa ndokutyisidzirwa kana kuti kuvhiringidzwa kuti vavakurudzire kuramba vari mu“chikwata” chacho. Varume vanoronga nekuita zvinhu izvi zvakashata kakawanda vatungamiriri vakakurumbira venzanga uye dzimwe nguva vanoita izvi mapurisa achinyatsoziva uye vachidzivirirwa nevematare.
Kushinha nevana kunoitwa nevafundisi kuri kugumburawo. Nhau dzinobva munyika yose dzinoratidza ukuru hwekubatwa zvisina kufanira kunoitwa vana nevafundisi, dzimwe nguva kunyange muzita raMwari. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mupristi weAnglican akawanwa aine mhaka akaudza waakachinya ane makore gumi kuti “Mwari akanga achitaura kuburikidza naye [mufundisi], uye chipi nechipi chaaiita kana kuti chipi nechipi [mukomana wacho] aiita chaidiwa naMwari uye nokudaro chakarurama.”
MuAustralia kuhwirudzurwa kwebhuku rinonzi The Battle and the Backlash: The Child Sexual Abuse War kwakataura nezvekubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana nevafundisi nevamwe vane nzvimbo dzinovimbwa. Kwakataura kuti masangano anobatanidzwa anoratidza seanonetseka nekuderedza kukanganiswa kwemukurumbira wawo pachawo nekuzvidzivirira panzvimbo pekudzivirira vana vari mungozi.
Migumisiro Yakaipa
Mwana anowanzovimba nemunhu nemwoyo wose, pasina chaanovanza. Saka kana akanyengedzwa newaanovimba naye, zvinokuvadza pfungwa diki dzisina chadzinofungira. Bhuku rinonzi Child Abuse & Neglect rinoti: “Vanhu nenzvimbo zvaifanira kuva zvakachengeteka kana kuti zvinotsigira zvave nengozi uye zvotyisa. Upenyu hwevana hauchanyatsozikanwa nekunyatsodzoreka.”
Semugumisiro wekubatwa zvisina kufanira kwakadaro, kwakawanda kwacho kwave kuchiitwa kwemakore akawanda, vamwe vana vakava nematambudziko emunzanga neepfungwa gare gare muupenyu, kusvika vakura zvikuru. Kunyengedzwa nevavanovimba navo uku kunokuvadza zvikuru nemhaka yekuti mwana akashandiswa zvisina kufanira nemhaka yekuti iye mwana. Nepo, vana vakawanda vanoshandiswa zvisina kufanira havambofa vamhan’ara nyaya yacho—chinhu icho vanobata vana zvisina kufanira vanovimba nacho zvakasimba.
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, uchapupu hwekubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana munyika yose hwave huchiwedzera, zvekuti nhasi kune uchapupu hwakakura zvikuru husingachagoni kurambwa kana kuti kufuratirwa. Asi vakawanda vanobvuma kuti kubvisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana ibasa rakaoma. Nokudaro mibvunzo iyi inomuka: Pane munhu upi neupi anogona kudzivirira zvechokwadi vana vedu here? Vamwe vedu vari vabereki vanogona sei kuchengetedza nhaka yedu yatakapiwa naMwari ndokutarisira upenyu hwevana vedu vadiki vari mungozi? Vabereki vanogona kubetserwa naani?
[Bhokisi riri papeji 7]
Mabasa Ekuvandira Nhubu paInternet
Mwedzi mishomanene yapfuura, mukuedza kukuru kusati kwamboitwa kuvandira vanoratidza vana zvinhu zveunzenza paInternet, mapurisa emunyika 12 akapinda achitsvaka mumisha yevanopfuura 100 vaifungirwa kuti vanorara nevana. Pamumwe chete wechikwata chevanorara nevana chinogara muUnited States, vakawana mifananidzo yeunzenza yevana inopfuura 100 000.
Mumwe mutikitivha wekuBritain uyo akatungamirira kufeya-feya kwepaInternet kwemwedzi mishanu akati: “Mifananidzo yakawanwa inonzwisa mudumbu chose chose munhu upi neupi ane pfungwa yakarurama.” Vana vacho vaiva vakomana nevasikana, vamwe vari vadiki sezera remakore maviri. Mapurisa ekuBelgium akataura kuti mifananidzo yeInternet yaiva “kuratidzwa kunosemesa zvikuru kwezvinoratidza unzenza zvevana. . . . Zvakasvika kure zvikuru zvokuti vanhu vakashinha nevana vavo kuti vakwanise kuburitsa mifananidzo inonyatsoorora.” Mumwe murume akachengeta mapikicha ake pachake achibata muzukuru wake chibharo ndokuapinza mukombiyuta yake.
Vaifungirwa vaibatanidza vadzidzisi, musayendisiti, mudzidzi wemutemo, mudzidzi wekurapa, mutungamiriri wechikwata chevanzveri, mutarisiri wemaakaunzi, uye purofesa weyunivhesiti.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]
Chinhu chinoputika chakakuvadza ruoko rwerudyi rwemukomana uyu
[Kwazvakatorwa]
UN/DPI Photo by Armineh Johannes
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Photo ILO/J. Maillard