Jesu Aiva Akaita Sei?

UCHAPUPU hwenhau dzisiri dzechitendero pamusoro pekuti Jesu aiva akaita sei huri zvahuri nemhaka yezvinhu zvinoverengeka. Izvi ndizvo zvikonzero zvekusiyana kukuru kwenzira yaave achiratidzwa nayo mumifananidzo.

Zvinhu zviviri mararamiro enyika yacho nenhambo yenguva apo mufananidzo wacho wakaitwa. Mukuwedzera, dzidziso dzezvitendero zvevaidhirowa mifananidzo yacho neavo vaivatuma zvaiva nechokuita nenzira iyo Jesu akaratidzwa nayo.

Kwemazana amakore, vanodhirowa mifananidzo vanonyanyozivikanwa, vakadai saMichelangelo, Rembrandt, uye Rubens, vaiti simbirirei pachitarisiko chemuviri waJesu. Achiwanzoshongedzwa nezviratidzo zvine revo uye zvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki, mifananidzo yavo yakava nechokuita kwazvo nemanzwisisirwe anowanzoitwa chitarisiko chaJesu. Asi mafungire avo aiva akavakirwa pai?

Zvinotaurwa Nenhau Dzisiri Dzechitendero

Mifananidzo yakaitwa Mambo weRoma Constantine asati avapo, uyo akararama kubva munenge muna 280 kusvika muna 337 C.E., yaiwanzoratidza Jesu se“Mufudzi Akanaka” wechiduku zvimwe ane vhudzi pfupi kana kuti refu, rakamonana. Asi nezveizvi bhuku rinonzi Art Through the Ages rinoti: “Mufudzi Akanaka, semusoro mukuru unogona kurondwa kudzokera shure nokuchiGiriki Chechinyakare [chechihedheni] kusvika kumifananidzo yeEgipita, asi pano unova chiratidzo chemudziviriri akavimbika weboka rechiKristu.”

Pashure penguva yakati, pfungwa dzechihedheni idzi dzabva dzava pachena zvikuru kupfuura kare. “Jesu,” bhuku racho rinowedzera kudaro, “aigona kunzwisiswa zviri nyore kuva akabatana nevamwari vaizivikanwa zvikuru venyika yeMediterranean, kunyanya Helios (Apollo), mwari wezuva [ane denderedzwa rinobwinya sezuva rakatenderedza musoro wake rakazopiwa Jesu gare gare uye tevere “vasande”], kana kuti paanoitwa mwari wechiRoma wekumabvazuva, Sol Invictus (Zuva Risingakundwi).” Muguva guru rakawanwa pakavakirwa St. Peter’s muRoma, Jesu anotoratidzwa saApollo “achityaira mabhiza engoro yezuva mudenga.”

Zvisinei, mufananidzo uyu waanoratidzwa sowechiduku, hauna kugara kwenguva refu. Adolphe Didron, mubhuku rake Christian Iconography, anotaura zvakaitika kuti: “Mufananidzo waKristu, uyo waakatanga achiratidzwa sowechiduku, unoratidza achikura zana ramakore roga roga . . . sekukura kunoitawo zera rechiKristu pacharo.”

Mamwe mashoko ezana ramakore rechi13 ainyepedzera kuva tsamba yakanyorwa nemumwe Publius Lentulus kuDare reRoma anopa rondedzero yechitarisiko chemuviri waJesu, richitaura kuti aiva ne“vhudzi reruvara rwenzviru isina kuibva uye richiyerera kusvika pedyo nenzeve dzake, asi kubva panzeve dzacho rakamonana rakati svibirirei richipenya zvikuru richifukidza mafudzi ake; rakakamurwa nepakati pemusoro . . . , ane ndebvu dzeruvara rwevhudzi rake, dzisina kureba, asi dzakaita tunyanga pachirebvu; . . . maziso ari egireyi . . . uye akajeka.” Mufananidzo uyu usiri wechokwadi gare gare wakafurira vanodhirowa mifananidzo vakawanda. “Nguva yoga yoga,” inodaro New Catholic Encyclopedia, “yakagadzira rudzi rwaKristu rwayaida.”

Zvaiva zvechokwadi nguva yoga yoga ndizvo zvaivawo zvechokwadi kumadzinza nezvitendero. Mifananidzo yezvitendero inobva munzvimbo dzaiva nevafundisi dzeAfrica, America, uye Asia inoratidza Kristu wekuMadokero ane vhudzi refu; asi dzimwe nguva “zvitarisiko zvomunharaunda idzodzo” zvanga zvichiwedzerwa kuchitarisiko chake, inodaro enisaikoropidhiya.

VaPurotesitendi vakavawo nevanodhirowa vavo, uye ava vakava nemafungire avo pamusoro pechitarisiko chaKristu. F. M. Godfrey, mubhuku rake rinonzi Christ and the Apostles—The Changing Forms of Religious Imagery, anoti: “Kristu anonzwisa tsitsi waRembrandt kuburitswa kwemafungire echiPurotesitendi, okusuruvara, kuondoroka, ukukutu, . . . kwekuratidzika kunoita munhu wemukati wemweya wechiPurotesitendi, unozviramba.” Izvi zvinoratidzwa, anodaro, mu“kudukupa kwemuviri Wake, kuzviramba [kuzvinyima] kwenyama, ‘kuzvininipisa, kunzwisa tsitsi nekusuruvara’ uko [Rembrandt] akanzwisisa nako zvakaita chiKristu.”

Zvisinei, sezvatichaona zvino, Kristu akaondoroka, ane nedenderedzwa rinobwinya sezuva mumusoro, ane unhu hwechikadzi, anogara akati kwindi, ane vhudzi refu, uyo anowanzoratidzwa mumifananidzo yechiKristudhomu, haasiriye. Chaizvozvo, zvakasiyana nekure kure naJesu wemuBhaibheri.

Bhaibheri Nechitarisiko chaJesu

Se“Gwayana raMwari,” Jesu akanga asina pakaremara, nokudaro pasina mubvunzo aiva murume akanaka. (Johane 1:29; VaHebheru 7:26) Uye pasina kufungidzira aisazogara akati kwindi sekuratidzwa kwaanoitwa nemifananidzo yakakurumbira. Chokwadi, akasangana nezviitiko zvinorwadza zvakawanda muupenyu hwake, asi muunhu hwaaiwanzoratidza, akatevedzera Baba vake zvakakwana, “Mwari womufaro.”—1 Timotio 1:11; Ruka 10:21; VaHebheru 1:3.

Vhudzi raJesu raiva rakareba here? VaNaziri chete ndivo vaisafanira kugera vhudzi ravo kana kuti kunwa waini, uye Jesu aisava muNaziri. Nokudaro pasina mubvunzo vhudzi rake raiva rakagerwa zvakanaka kufanana nevamwe varume vapi nevapi vechiJudha. (Numeri 6:2-7) Aifarirawo kunwa waini zvine mwero nevamwe, uye izvi zvinosimbisa pfungwa yokuti aiva munhu anofara. (Ruka 7:34) Zvirokwazvo, akaita waini kupfurikidza nekuita chishamiso pamutambo wemuchato muKana yeGarirea. (Johane 2:1-11) Uye zviri pachena kuti aichengeta ndebvu, izvo zvinopupurirwa neuporofita hunotaura nezvekutambura kwake.—Isaya 50:6.

Zvakadini neruvara rweganda nechitarisiko chaJesu? Zvinoratidza kuti zvaiva zvechiJudha. Angangove akanga akafanana naamai vake, Maria, avo vaiva muJudha. Madzitateguru ake aiva vaJudha, mudzinza revaHebheru. Nokudaro zvimwe Jesu angave aiva neruvara rweganda nechitarisiko zvakafanana nezvevaJudha.

Kunyange pakati pevaapostora vake, zviri pachena kuti Jesu akanga asina kunyanyosiyana mumuviri, nokuti Judhasi aitofanira kumutengesa kuvavengi vake nekutsvoda kuti vamuzive. Nokudaro, Jesu aigona kuvhengana neboka zviri nyore. Uye ndozvaaiita, nokuti pane imwe nguva, akafamba kubva kuGarirea kuenda kuJerusarema asingambozivikanwi.—Marko 14:44; Johane 7:10, 11.

Kunyange zvakadaro, vamwe vanogumisa kuti Jesu anofanira kuva aiva ndonda. Nei vachidaro? Chimwe chikonzero, aida kubetserwa kutakura danda rake rekutambudzira. Uyewo, ndiye akatanga kufa pavarume vatatu vakarovererwa.—Ruka 23:26; Johane 19:17, 32, 33.

Jesu Aisava Ndonda

Kusiyana nezvinodavirwa nevazhinji, Bhaibheri harirondedzeri Jesu sendonda kana kuti ane unhu hwechikadzi. Panzvimbo pezvo, rinotaura kuti kunyange paaiva muduku, “akaramba achienda mberi pakuchenjera, napakukura, napakufadza Mwari navanhu.” (Ruka 2:52) Kweanenge makore 30, aiva muvezi. Iroro hariratidzike kuva basa remunhu asina kusimba, zvikurukuru munguva iyoyo apo kwaiva kusina michina yemazuva ano inorerutsa basa. (Marko 6:3) Uyewo, Jesu akadzinga mombe, makwai, uye vaichinja mari mutemberi uye akakudubura matafura evaichinja mari. (Johane 2:14, 15) Izviwo zvinoratidza munhu ane ushingi, akasimba.

Mumakore matatu nehafu okupedzisira eupenyu hwake pasi pano, Jesu akafamba mazana emamaira munzendo dzake dzekuparidza. Asi, vadzidzi havana kumbomupa zano rokuti a“zorore zvishoma.” Panzvimbo pezvo, Jesu akavaudza, vamwe vavo vakanga vari varedzi vehove vakasimba kuti: “Uyai imi muri moga kunzvimbo murenje, muzorore zvishoma.”—Marko 6:31.

Zvirokwazvo, “nhoroondo yose yeevhangeri,” inodaro Cyclopædia yaM’Clintock naStrong, “inoratidza utano hwakanaka uye hwakasimba [hwaiva naJesu].” Zvinoka nei aida kubetserwa kutakura danda rake rekutambudzira, uye nei akatangira vamwe vakanga varovererwa pamwe chete naye kufa?

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha kunetseka kukuru. Sezvo kuurayiwa kwaJesu kwaiswedera, akati: “Ndine rubhabhatidzo rwandichabhabhatidzwa narwo; ndinomakidzwa sei kusvikira zvichiitika.” (Ruka 12:50) Kunetseka uku kwakakura kuva “kurwadziwa” pausiku hwake hwokupedzisira: “Ari paku[rwadziwa, NW] kukuru, wakanyanya kunyengetera; ziya rake rikaita samadonhwe eropa, akadonhera pasi.” (Ruka 22:44) Jesu aiziva kuti tarisiro yevanhu yeupenyu husingaperi yaitsamira pakuperera kwake kusvika murufu. Mutoro wakadini wekutakura! (Mateo 20:18, 19, 28) Aizivawo kuti aizourawa setsotsi raka“tukwa” nevanhu vaMwari pachake. Nokudaro, chaainetsekera chaiva chokuti izvi zvaigona kuzvidzisa Baba vake.—VaGaratia 3:13; Pisarema 40:6, 7; Mabasa 8:32.

Pashure pekutengeswa kwake, akaitirwa aitirwazve utsinye. Mukutonga kwekunyepedzera kwakaitwa pashure pepakati peusiku chaipo, vakuru vakuru chaivo venyika vakamuseka, vakamusvipira, uye vakamurova nezvibhakera. Kuti zviite sokuti kutonga kwakanga kwaitwa usiku kwaiva pamutemo, kumwe kutonga kwakaitwa mangwanani akatevera acho. Ipapo Jesu akabvunzurudzwa naPirato; uye naHerodhi, uyo pamwe chete nevarwi vake, vakamuseka; uye naPirato zvakare. Pakupedzisira, Pirato akaita kuti arohwe. Uye uku kwaisava kungorovawo zvako. Nezvekurova kwechiRoma The Journal of the American Medical Association yakati:

“Chaiwanzoshandiswa yaiva tyava pfupi . . . ine tambo dzakakoswa dzeganda dzakareba zvakasiyana-siyana, dzaisungirirwa tumabhora twesimbi kana kuti apo neapo zvidimbu zvakapinza zvemapfupa emakwai. . . . Varwi veRoma pavairova varovazve musana nesimba ravo rose, mabhora esimbi aiibvisa nyama, uye tambo dzeganda namapfupa amakwai zvaibvarura ganda nenyama iri pasi peganda. Ipapo, sezvo kurova kwairamba kuchiitwa, maronda aidzika mutsandanyama dziri pasi dzakabatana nemapfupa zvichibudisa tambo dzenyama inorembera kunze ichibuda ropa.”

Zvakajeka kuti, simba raJesu, rakanga richipera asati atombokotama kuti atakure danda rinorema raakatakura. Kutaura idi, The Journal of the American Medical Association yakati: “Kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwemuviri nendangariro kwaaiitwa nevaJudha nevaRoma, pamwe chete nekushaya zvokudya, mvura, uye hope, zvakawedzerawo kuneta kwake. Naizvozvo, kunyange kurovererwa chaikoiko kusati kwaitwa, muviri waJesu wakanga wakuvadzwa zvakakomba uye zvichida zvine ngozi.”

Chitarisiko Chake Chinokosha Here?

Kubva mumufananidzo wenhema waLentulus kuenda kumifananidzo yakakurumbira yenyanzvi dzekudhirowa kusvika kumifananidzo yemugirazi, chiKristudhomu chinoratidzika sechinongoda zvinhu zvinokwezva. “Simba gurusa rinochemedza rine mufananidzo waJesu Kristu rinofanira kuchengetedzwa,” akadaro bhishopi mukuru weTurin, muchengeti weJira reTurin rinomutsa nharo.

Asi, Shoko raMwari rinosiya namaune udzame hwakadaro “hunochemedza” hwechitarisiko chaJesu. Neiko? Zvichida hwaizotsausa pane icho chinopa upenyu husingaperi—zivo yeBhaibheri. (Johane 17:3) Jesu pachake—muenzaniso wedu chaiwo—‘haatarisi,’ kana kuti kuona “zviri kunze kwomunhu” sezvinokosha. (Mateo 22:16; enzanisa naVaGaratia 2:6.) Kusimbisa chitarisiko chemuviri chaJesu ipo pasina panotsanangura izvozvo muEvhangeri dzakafuridzirwa kurwisana nechinangwa chaichocho chadzo. Kutaura idi, Jesu, sezvatichaona munyaya inotevera, haachisina kunyange chimiro chakafanana nechemunhu.a

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 25]

Kristu ndonda, akaondoroka anoratidzwa nevanodhirowa muchiKristudhomu achisiyaniswa nemufananidzo waJesu wakavakirwa panhoroondo dzeBhaibheri

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Jesus Preaching at the Sea of Galilee by Gustave Doré