Mutauro Waunoona!

WAKADZIDZA sei rurimi rwaamai vako? Zvimwe nokunzwa mhuri neshamwari dzichitaura pawaiva mucheche. Kuvanhu vakawanda, mutauro unodzidzwa nokunzwa uye unoburitswa nokutaura. Pavanenge vachifunga nokuronga mashoko, vanhu vanogona kunzwa vanongoerekana vaedzesera kutaura mashoko anotaurwa acho mupfungwa dzavo vasati vaataura. Zvisinei, apo mwana anoberekwa ari matsi, pfungwa dzinogona kufunga neimwe nzira here? Pane mumwe mutauro unogona kutamisa zviri kufungwa nepfungwa, kuenda kupfungwa dzomumwe pasina ruzha runoitwa here?

Unooneka Asi Usinganzwiki

Chimwe chezvinoshamisa zvepfungwa yomunhu kugona kwedu mutauro nemano edu okuudzidza. Zvisinei, pasina kunzwa, kudzidza mutauro kunowanzova basa ramaziso, kwete renzeve. Nenzira inofadza, chishuvo chokukurukura chakasimba zvikuru mumunhu, chichitigonesa kukurira mhinganidzo ipi neipi yakajeka. Ichi chinodiwa chakatungamirira Matsi kutanga mitauro yakawanda yamasaini munyika yose. Sezvavanoonana, pashure pokuberekerwa mumhuri dzeMatsi kana kuti vaunganidzwa pamwe chete pazvikoro zvavo voga uye munzanga, mugumisiro wacho wakava kutangwa kwomutauro wakaoma kunzwisisa wakaitirwa maziso—mutauro wamasaini.a

Kuna Carl, anobva kuUnited States, mutauro uyu waiva chipo chakabva kuvabereki vake Matsi.b Kunyange zvazvo akaberekwa ari matsi, aigona kuita zviratidzo zvezvinhu, kubatanidza masaini pamwe chete, ndokutaura zvaaifunga neMutauro Wamasaini wokuAmerica (ASL) pazera duku chaizvo. Vana Matsi vakawanda vevabereki Matsi vanotaura nemasaini vanotanga kuita masaini avo okutanga pavanosvika zera remwedzi 10 kusvika ku12. Mubhuku rinonzi A Journey Into the Deaf-World, zvinonzi: “nyanzvi dzemitauro zvino dzinocherekedza kuti kungoberekwa uchikwanisa kudzidza mutauro uye kuupfuudza kuvana vako kwakadzika midzi mupfungwa. Hazvinei kuti kukwanisa kwacho kunobuda uri mutauro wemasaini kana kuti wokutaura.”

Sveta akaberekerwa kuRussia muchizvarwa chechitatu chemhuri yeMatsi. Pamwe chete nomukoma wake Matsi, akadzidza Mutauro Wamasaini wokuRussia. Panguva yaakanyoreswa pakireshi yeMatsi paaiva namakore matatu, unyanzvi hwake hwemutauro wamasaini hwokuberekwa nahwo hwakanga hwakura zvikuru. Sveta anobvuma kuti: “Vamwe vana vakanga vari Matsi vaisaziva mutauro wamasaini uye vaidzidza kwandiri.” Vana Matsi vakawanda vakava navabereki Vanonzwa vakanga vasingashandisi masaini. Kazhinji mutauro wamasaini waidzidziswa vana vaduku kuchikoro navana vakura vari Matsi, zvichiita kuti vakwanise kukurukurirana zviri nyore.

Nhasi vabereki Vanonzwa vakawanda zvikuru vari kudzidza kutaurirana namasaini navana vavo. Somugumisiro, ava vaduku Matsi vanogona kukurukura zvinobudirira vasati vaenda kuchikoro. MuCanada, izvi ndizvo zvakaitika kuna Andrew, ane vabereki vanogona kunzwa. Vakadzidza mutauro wamasaini ndokuushandisa naye pazera rapakuvamba, vachimugovera hwaro hwomutauro waaizovaka mumakore anotevera. Zvino mhuri yose inogona kukurukurirana nhau ipi neipi nomutauro wamasaini.

Matsi dzinokwanisa kufunga, zvinhu zvisingaoneki chaizvoizvo, dzisingafaniri kufunga kuti dzingazvitaura sei nomuromo. Kungofanana nemafungire atinoita tose nemutauro wedu pachedu, Matsi dzakawanda dzinofunga nomutauro wadzo wamasaini.

Mhatsa Yemitauro

Munyika yose, nzanga dzeMatsi dzakavamba mutauro wamasaini wadzo pachadzo kana kuti dzakabatanidza zvimwe zvemimwe mitauro yamasaini. Mamwe mashoko eASL nhasi akawanwa muMutauro Wamasaini wokuFrance makore 180 apfuura. Iwaya akabatanidzwa nezvakanga zvichitoshandiswa panguva iyoyo navagari vemuUnited States, iyo inonzi zvino ASL. Mitauro yamasaini inokura pashure pemakore akawanda uye inogadziridzwa nechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinotevera.

Kazhinji, mitauro yamasaini haifanani nemitauro inotaurwa munyika yayo. MuPuerto Rico, somuenzaniso, ASL inoshandiswa, kunyange zvazvo muchitaurwa chiSpanish. Kunyange zvazvo chiNgezi chichitaurwa muEngland neUnited States, England inoshandisa Mutauro Wamasaini wokuBritain, wakasiyana zvikuru neASL. Uyewo, Mutauro Wamasaini wokuMexico wakasiyana nemitauro yakawanda yeLatin America.

Pakudzidza mutaro wamasaini, munhu anoororwa nezviratidzo zvakanatsiridzwa nokujeka kwokutaura kwacho. Nhau dzakawanda, mirangariro, kana kuti pfungwa zvinogona kuratidzwa nomutauro wamasaini. Nenzira inofadza, kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa zveMatsi pamakaseti evhidhiyo kuri kuwedzera, kuchishandiswa mutauro wamasaini wokuberekwa nawo kutaura nhau, kudetemba, kupa nhau dzenhoroondo, uye kudzidzisa chokwadi cheBhaibheri. Munyika dzakawanda kudzidza mutauro wamasaini kuri kuwedzera.

Kurava Zvisati Zvambonzwika

Pavanenge vachirava, vanhu Vanonzwa vanowanzofunga nezvemadudzirwo emashoko acho. Naizvozvo zvakawanda zvezvavanorava vanozvinzwisisa nemhaka yokuti vakambozvinzwa. Mumitauro yakawanda mashoko akanyorwa haaratidzi nechimiro chawo kana kuti kufananidzira pfungwa dzaanomirira. Vanhu vakawanda Vanonzwa vanodzidza tsika iyi isingaratidzi nechimiro kana kuti chiratidzo chakanyorwa nokuibatanidza nemanzwi omutauro unotaurwa kuitira kuti vagorava vachinzwisisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, edza kufungidzira usina kumbonzwa inzwi, shoko, kana kuti mutauro uchitaurwa muupenyu hwako hwose! Zvinogona kuva zvakaoma uye zvichikangaidza kudzidza manyorerwo emutauro usina zviratidzo wausingagoni kunzwa. Hazvishamisi kuti kurava mutauro wakadaro kwakaomera Matsi, kunyanya vakatadza kunzwa kubva vari vaduku kana kuti vasina kumbogara vakanzwa!

Zvikoro zvakawanda zvavana Matsi munyika yose zvakacherekedza betsero yokukurumidza kushandisa mutauro wamasaini panovamba mwana kudzidza mutauro. (Ona mabhokisi ari papeji 12 ne13.) Zvikoro zvakadaro zvakawana kuti kuita kuti mwana muduku Matsi azive mutauro wamasaini wokuberekwa nawo nokumudzidzisa faundesheni yomutauro kuchaita sefaundesheni yokubudirira kukuru mune zvedzidzo nomunzanga pamwe chete nokuwanwa kwomutauro wakanyorwa gare gare.

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization boka rinoita zvedzidzo yeMatsi rakati: “Hazvichagamuchiriki kuregeredza mutauro wamasaini, kana kuti kurega kubetsera kuumbwa kwawo mupurogiramu dzedzidzo yematsi.” Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti chisarudzo chedzidzo chipi nechipi chinoitwa navabereki nokuda kwomwana wavo Matsi, kushanda kwavabereki vacho vose pakukura kwemwana wavo kunokosha zvikuru.—Ona nyaya inoti “Kuti Ndikurukure Nemwana Wangu, Ndakadzidza Mumwe Mutauro,” muMukai! yaNovember 8, 1996.

Kunzwisisa Mugariro weMatsi

Apo vana Matsi vanova vanhu vakuru Matsi, kazhinji kazhinji vanobvuma kuti chavaida zvikurusa kuvabereki vavo ikurukurirano. Apo amai vake vakwegura vakanga vava kufa, Jack, murume Matsi, akaedza kukurukura navo. Vakatamburira kumuudza chimwe chinhu asi vaisagona kuchinyora uye vaisagona mutauro wamasaini. Ipapo vakati tasa gare gare ndokufa. Jack akatyiswa nenguva iyoyo yokupedzisira inokangaidza. Chiitiko ichi chakamusunda kupa zano vabereki vevana Matsi rokuti: “Kana muchida kukurukurirana zvakanaka nokupana pfungwa, manzwire enyu, zvamunofunga norudo zvinonzwisisika nemwana wenyu matsi, zvitaurei nemasaini. . . . Ini ndakanonoka. Imi makanonokawo here?”

Kwamakore vakawanda havana kunzwisisa Matsi sezvadziri. Vamwe vakafunga kuti Matsi hadzina chinhu chadzinoziva nemhaka yokuti hapana chadzinonzwa. Vabereki vave vachinyanyodzivirira vana vavo Matsi kana kuti kutya kuvabvumira kuvhengana navamwe munyika. Mune dzimwe tsika Matsi dzakarondedzerwa zvisirizvo se“mbeveve” kana kuti “zvimumumu,” kunyange zvazvo Matsi kazhinji dzinenge dzisingagoni kutaura. Hadzingogoni kunzwa bedzi. Vamwe vakarangarira mutauro wamasaini sowechinyakare kana kuti wakaderera kumutauro unotaurwa. Hazvishamisi kuti nokusaziva kwakadaro, dzimwe Matsi dzakanzwa dzadzvinyirirwa uye dzisinganzwisiswi.

Somwana muduku akanga achikura muUnited States muma1930, Joseph akanyoreswa muchikoro cheMatsi bedzi chairambidza kushandiswa kwemutauro wamasaini. Iye nevaaidzidza navo vaiwanzorangwa kakawanda nokuda kwokushandisa masaini, kunyange pavaisagona kunzwisisa kutaura kwavadzidzisi vavo. Vaipanga kunzwisisa nokunzwisiswa sei! Munyika umo dzidzo yevana Matsi yakaganhurirwa, vamwe vanokura vane zivo yenguva dzose shomanene. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munyori weMukai! wokumadokero kweAfrica akati: “Upenyu hweMatsi dzakawanda muAfrica hwakaoma uye haufadzi. Pavose vakaremara, zvimwe Matsi ndidzo dzinonyanya kuregeredzwa uye dzisinganzwisiswi.”

Tose zvedu tinoda kunzwisiswa. Nenzira inosuruvarisa, vamwe pavanoona Matsi, vanongoona bedzi mumwe munhu asinga“goni.” Urema hunoonekwa hunogona kudzikatidza mano echokwadi eMatsi. Mukupesana, Matsi dzakawanda dzinozviona savanhu vano“gona.” Vanogona kukurukurirana zvakanaka, kutanga kuzviremekedza, uye kubudirira muzvidzidzo, munzanga, uye mumudzimu. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwakaitwa Matsi dzakawanda kwakaparira dzimwe kusavimba nevanhu Vanonzwa. Zvisinei, apo vanhu Vanonzwa vanoratidza kufarira kwechokwadi kunzwisisa tsika yeMatsi nomutauro wamasaini wokuberekwa nawo nokuona Matsi savanhu vano“gona,” vose vanobetsereka.

Kana uchida kudzidza mutauro wamasaini, yeuka kuti mutauro unomirira mafungiro edu nemabudisiro atinoita pfungwa. Kuti munhu adzidze mutauro wamasaini zvakanaka, anofanira kufunga nemutauro iwoyo. Ndicho chikonzero nei kungodzidza masaini muduramanzwi romutauro wamasaini kusingabetseri mukushandisa chaikoiko mutauro wacho. Kuregererei kudzidza kuna avo vanoshandisa mutauro wamasaini muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva—Matsi? Kudzidza mutauro wechipiri kune vakazvarwa vachiushandisa zvinokubatsira kufunga uye kuburitsa mifungo nenzira yakasiyana, asi yatakaberekwa nayo.

Munyika yose, Matsi dziri kuwedzera ruzivo rwadzo kupfurikidza nokushandisa mutauro wamasaini wakasiyana-siyana. Uya uzvionere mutauro wavo wamasaini.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 12]

“New York Ichadzidzisa Matsi Nomutauro Wamasaini, Tevere chiNgezi”

Musoro iwoyo waiva muThe New York Times yaMarch 5, 1998. Felicia R. Lee akanyora kuti: “Mune iri kurumbidzwa sechinjo inokosha mudzidzo yavadzidzi matsi, chikoro chavose chematsi chimwe bedzi cheguta chichagadziridzwa kuitira kuti vadzidzisi vose vazodzidzisa kunyanya nomutauro wamasaini wakavakirwa pazviratidzo namajangariko.” Anotsanangura kuti vadzidzisi vakawanda “vanotaura kuti kunzvera kunoratidza kuti mutauro wokutanga wematsi ndewokuona, kwete kutaura, uye zvikoro izvo zvinoshandisa nzira yavo yavanoda, inonzi American Sign Language, zvinodzidzisa vadzidzi zviri nani kupfuura zvinoita zvimwe zvikoro.

“Vanotaura kuti vadzidzi matsi vanofanira kubatwa savadzidzi vanogona kushandisa mitauro miviri, kwete vakaremara.”

Purofesa Harlan Lane, wokuNortheastern University, Boston, akati: “Ndinofunga kuti [chikoro cheNew York] chiri kutanga kufambira mberi.” Akaudza Mukai! kuti vavariro yokupedzisira ndeyokudzidzisa chiNgezi, somutauro wechipiri wokurava.

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 13]

Mutauro!

Vamwe vanhu Vanonzwa vakakanganisa kugumisa kuti mutauro wamasaini chimiro chakaoma chokutaura nokungofambisa muviri pasina inzwi. Wakatorondedzerwawo somutauro womufananidzo. Kunyange zvazvo mutauro wamasaini uchishandisa chiso, muviri, maoko, uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza zvinobudirira, masaini akawanda haana kufanana kana kuti akafanana zvishomanene nepfungwa dzaanopa. MuMutauro Wamasaini wokuAmerica (ASL), somuenzaniso, saini inopa mufungo wa“ita” inoshandisa maoko ose ari maviri ari muchimiro chechibhakera, chimwe chibhakera chiri pamusoro pechimwe uchizvimonyanisa. Kunyange zvazvo zvakarovedzeka, saini iyi haipi chiratidzo chakajeka chezvainoreva kune asingashandisi masaini. MuMutauro Wamasaini wokuRussia (RLS), saini inomirira mufungo wa“kuda” inopiwa nokushandisa maoko maviri, nezvigunwe zvikuru zvose zvakabata munwe wechitatu uchizvitenderedza zvakafanana. (Ona mifananidzo iri papeji ino.) Nezvinhu zvisingaoneki, hazvibviri kuva nemufananidzo wakafanana. Anosiyiwa kune aya masaini ezvinhu chaizvoizvo izvo zvingave nerondedzero, akadai semasaini anomirira “imba” kana kuti “mwana.”—Ona mifananidzo iri papeji ino.

Mumwe mupimo womutauro waizova kushandiswa kwamashoko akarongwa anogamuchirwa nenzanga. Mutauro wamasaini unoratidza kurongwa kwegirama kwakadaro. Somuenzaniso, musoro wemutsara weASL zvikurukuru unoiswa pakutanga, uchiteverwa netsinhiro pamusoro pawo. Uyewo, kuronga zvinhu uchitanga nechatanga kuitika ndechimwe chinhu chikuru mumitauro yakawanda yamasaini.

Zvitarisiko zvechiso zvakawanda zvinobatirawo kushanda kwegirama yakadaro sokubatsira kutsauranisa mubvunzo nokurayira, shoko rinotsanangurwa, kana kuti kutaura kuri nyore. Kuti mutauro wemasaini unoita zvokuonekwa kwakaubvumira kuva neizvi pamwe nezvimwe zvinousiyanisa nemimwe.

[Mifananidzo]

“Ita” muASL

“Kuda” muRLS

“Imba” muASL

“Mwana” muASL

[Bhokisi riri papeji 14]

Mitauro Yechokwadi

“Mukusiyana nemirangariro isina kururama yakapararira, mitauro yamasaini haisi kutaura usingabudisi manzwi uchibatanidza majangariko, zvakatangwa navadzidzisi, kana kuti zviratidzo zvomutauro unotaurwa wenzanga yakapoteredza. Inowanwa kupi nokupi kune nzanga yematsi, uye mumwe nomumwe mutauro wakasiyana, wakazara, unoshandisa rudzi rwakafanana rwemitemo yegirama inowanwa munyika yose mumitauro inotaurwa.”

MuNicaragua “zvikoro zvakanangidzira ngwariro pakurovedza vana [matsi] kurava nokutaura nomuromo pasina mashoko, uye pose pazvakaedzwa, migumisiro yacho yaiva yakashata. Asi hazvina kuvadzivisa. Munhandare dzokutambira nomumabhazi echikoro vana vacho vakanga vachivamba tsika yamasaini yavo pachavo . . . Nokukurumidza tsika yacho yakaguma yava kunzi zvino Lenguaje de Signos Nicaragüense.” Chizvarwa chiduku chavana Matsi zvino chakatanga mutauro wakanaka zvikuru wakasvika pakunzi Idioma de Signos Nicaragüense.—The Language Instinct, naSteven Pinker.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 15]

Iyi ndeimwe nzira yokutaura namasaini kuti “Pashure pokuenda kuchitoro, achaenda kubasa” muASL

1 Chitoro

2 iye

3 enda ku

4 pedza

5 enda ku

6 shanda