Vasungwa Veurombo

MUGORE ra33 C.E., Jesu Kristu akataura kuvadzidzi vake kuti: “Nokuti varombo munavo nguva dzose.” (Mateo 26:11) Chaizvoizvo airevei? Aitaura kuti urombo hwaisazombofa hwakakurirwa here?

James Speth, mutarisiri weUnited Nations Development Programme, akataura kuti: “Hatigoni kubvuma kuti [urombo] hucharamba hunesu. Nyika yazvino uno ine zvinhu, zivo uye unyanzvi zvokupedza nazvo urombo zvokuhuita chinhu chekare.” Asi nyika yazvino uno inogona kupedza urombo here?

United Nations General Assembly sezviri pachena inokarira kuti nhamburiko dzemunhu dzinogona kupedza urombo, sezvayakazivisa makore a1997 kusvika ku2006 se“Gumi Remakore [rekutanga] Rekupedzwa Kweurombo reMubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose.” UN yakakarakadza kushanda pamwe chete nehurumende, vanhu, uye masangano nokuda kwekukurudzira kufambira mberi kwezveupfumi, kuvandudza kuwanika kwemabasa anokosha, kuvandudza magariro evanhukadzi, uye kuita mari nemabasa.

Vavariro dzakaisvonaka! Asi nzanga yenyika ichazombofa yakadzisvika here? Rangarira zvimwe zvibingamupinyi zvinotadzisa kupedzwa kweurombo nenhamburiko dzevanhu.

Nzara Nekushaya Zvekudya Zvinovaka Muviri

Ayembe, anogara muZaire, ane mitezo yemhuri 15 inotsamira paari. Dzimwe nguva mhuri yacho inogona kudya kamwe chete pazuva—bota reupfu rakarungwa nemashizha emufarinya, munyu, uye shuga. Dzimwe nguva vanoshaya zvekudya kwemazuva maviri kana kuti matatu. “Ndinomira kusvikira vana vava kuchemera zvekudya ndisati ndabika,” anodaro Ayembe.

Chinoitika chavo hachisi chechienzi. Munyika ichiri kusimukira, munhu mumwe muvashanu anorara nenzara usiku umwe nehumwe. Kupote nyika yose, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 800—mamiriyoni 200 vavo vana—vanodya zvisingavaki muviri nguva dzose. Vana ava havakuri nenzira yomuzvarirwo; vanorwara-rwara. Magonere avo kuchikoro haana kutsarukana. Sevakuru, vanotambura migumisiro yezvinhu izvi. Nokudaro, urombo kazhinji kazhinji hunotungamirira kudya zvisingavaki muviri izvowo zvinowedzera urombo.

Urombo, nzara, uye kudya zvisingavaki muviri zviriko pamwero mukuru zvikuru zvokuti zvinotadzisa nhamburiko dzezvematongerwe enyika, mari, uye nzanga dzekuhupedza. Zvirokwazvo, chinetso chacho hachisi kuvandudzika asi chiri kunyanya kuipa.

Utano Husina Kutsarukana

Maererano neWorld Health Organization, urombo “ndicho chirwere chinouraya zvikurusa chenyika” uye “chinoparira rufu, hosha uye kutambura choga chikurusa.”

Bhuku rinonzi An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements, 1996 rakataura kuti vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 600 muLatin America, Asia, uye Africa vaigara mudzimba dzakashata—dzisina mvura yakakwana, utsanana, uye kuraswa kwetsvina—zvokuti upenyu neutano hwavo zvaigara zvichityisidzirwa. Munyika yose, vanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni rimwe havana mvura yakachena. Mazana emamiriyoni haagoni kuwana mari yezvekudya zvakakwana. Zvinhu zvose izvi zvinoita kuti zviomere vanhu varombo kudzivirira hosha.

Kazhinji kazhinji vanhu varombo havakwanisiwo kurapa hosha. Apo varombo vanorwara, vangasakwanisa kuva nemari yemishonga kana kuti kurapwa kwakanaka. Varombo vanofa vari vaduku; avo vanopukunyuka kazhinji kazhinji vangagara nezvirwere zvenguva refu.

Zahida, mutengesi wemumugwagwa muMaldives anoti: “Urombo hunoparira utano husina kutsarukana, hunokutadzisa kushanda.” Kusashanda, chokwadika, kunonyanyisa urombo. Mugumisiro wacho kutenderera kune utsinye uye kunouraya umo urombo nekurwara zvinokuchidzirana.

Kushaya Basa Uye Mubhadharo Wakaderera

Rumwe rutivi rweurombo kushaya basa. Munyika yose, vanhu vane mamiriyoni 120 vanogona kushanda havakwanisi kuwana mabasa. Munguvayo, vamwe vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 700 vanowanzoshanda maawa akawanda nokuda kwemubhadharo muduku zvikuru usingagutsi zvinodikanwa zvavo zvinokosha.

Rudeen mutyairi wecyclo muCambodia. Anotaura kuti: “Urombo kwandiri zvinoreva kushanda maawa anopfuura 18 pazuva, asi zvakangodaro ndisingawani zvakakwana kuzvidyisa, mudzimai wangu nevana vaviri.”

Kuparadzwa Kwemhoteredzo

Kwakabatana neurombo kuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo. Elsa, munzveri muGuyana, South America akati: “Urombo kuparadzwa kwezvinhu zvemusikirwo: sango, nyika, mhuka, nzizi uye nyanza.” Hekuno kumwe kutenderera kunosuruvarisa—urombo hunotungamirira kuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo, uko kunopfuuridza urombo hunowedzera.

Kurima minda kusvikira yasakara kana kuti kushandiswa nokuda kwerimwe basa muitiro wechinyakare. Ndozvakaitawo kutema masango—kutema miti nokuda kwehuni kana kuti nokuda kwekudyara zvirimwa. Nemhaka yekuwanda kwenhamba yevanhu pasi pano, mamiriro acho ezvinhu asvika mwero yakakomba.

Maererano neInternational Fund for Agricultural Development, mukati memakore 30 apfuura, inenge 20 muzana yevhu repamusoro renyika rakabva muminda rakaparara, zvikurukuru nemhaka yekushaya zvose zviri zviviri mari neunyanzvi hunodikanwa kuita mabasa okuchengetedza. Mukati menhambo yakafanana, mamiriyoni emaeka ava nyika isingabatsiri semugumisiro wegadziriro dzekudiridza nadzo dzisina kunyatsogadzirwa nekuchengetedzwa zvakanaka. Uye mamiriyoni emaeka emasango ari kutemerwa pasi makore ose kuchenesa nzvimbo yezvirimwa kana kuti kuwana matanda okushandisa kana kuti huni.

Kuparadza uku kwakabatana neurombo munzira mbiri. Kutanga, varombo kazhinji kazhinji vanomanikidzirwa kuparadza mhoteredzo nemhaka yekuda kwavo zvokudya nehuni. Munhu anogona sei kutaura nezvekushandisa pfuma yemusikirwo pasina kuikuvadza kana kuti garikano yezvizvarwa zvenguva yemberi kuavo vane nzara uye varombo uye vanomanikidzirwa kuparadza pfuma yemusikirwo kuti vararame iye zvino? Yechipiri, vapfumi vanowanzoshandisa pfuma yemusikirwo yevarombo nekuda kwechimuko. Naizvozvo kuparadzwa kwepfuma yemusikirwo nevapfumi uye varombo kunowedzera urombo.

Dzidzo

Alicia, mushandi wenzanga wemuguta muPhilippines, akataura kuti: “Urombo mukadzi anotuma vana vake kunopemha mumigwagwa panzvimbo pekuchikoro nemhaka yokuti kana zvikasadaro pachave pasina chokudya. Amai vacho vanoziva kuti vari kudzokorora zvakavaisa parumananzombe, asi hapana nzira yekupukunyuka nayo yavanogona kuona.”

Vana vane mamiriyoni ane 500 havana chikoro chekuenda kwachiri. Vakuru vane bhiriyoni rimwe havanyatsogoni kuverenga kana kunyora. Pasina dzidzo, zvakaoma kuwana basa rakanaka. Naizvozvo urombo hunoparira kushaya dzidzo, izvo zvinotungamirira kuurombo hukuru.

Dzimba

Kushaya dzimba kurimo mumarudzi ane urombo, uye kunyange mune mamwe akapfuma. Mumwe mushumo unotaura kuti chinoda kusvika chikamu chimwe muzvina chemiriyoni chevagari veNew York City vakambogara muzvivako zvevasina dzimba pane imwe nguva mukati memakore mashanu apfuura. Europewo ine vanhu vayo varombo. MuLondon vanenge 400 000 vakanyoreswa sevasina dzimba. MuFrance vanhu vane hafu yemiriyoni havana musha.

Munyika ichiri kusimukira yose zvayo, mamiriro ezvinhu akatopfuura kuipa. Vanhu vanodirana mumataundi nemumaguta, vakwezviwa nezviroto zvezvokudya, mabasa, uye upenyu huri nani. Mune mamwe maguta, inopfuura 60 muzana yevagari vemo inogara mumaguta ezvitangwena kana kuti zvitumba. Nokudaro urombo hwekumaruwa hunokuchidzira urombo hwemumaguta.

Chiverengero Chevanhu

Chiri kunyanyisa zvinetso zvose izvi kukura kwechiverengero chevanhu. Chiverengero chevagari venyika chakapetwa kanopfuura kaviri mukati memakore 45 apfuura. Mubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose unofungidzira kuti nhamba yacho ichakwira kusvika kumabhiriyoni 6,2 panosvika gore ra2000 uye kumabhiriyoni 9,8 panosvika 2050. Nzvimbo dzine urombo hukurusa dzenyika ndidzo dzine mwero mikurusa yewedzero yechiverengero chevagari vemo. Pavacheche vanenge mamiriyoni 90 vakaberekwa muna 1995, mamiriyoni 85 akaberekerwa munyika dzinenge dzinoti kwanisei kuvagovera.

Unodavira kuti rudzi rwemunhu kamwe kamwe rwuchabatira pamwe kupedza urombo nokusingaperi kupfurikidza nokupedza zvinetso zvenzara, chirwere, kushaya basa, kuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo, kushaya dzidzo, dzimba dzisina kutsarukana, uye hondo here? Zvichida haudaro.

Zvinoreva kuti mamiriro ezvinhu haana tariro here? Kwete, nemhaka yokuti mhinduro yacho iri pedyo uye zvirokwazvo ichauya. Asi kwete nenhamburiko yemunhu. Saka munzirai? Uye zvakadini nemashoko aJesu apo akati: “Nokuti varombo munavo nguva dzose”?

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Varombo Zvikurusa Vevarombo

Muna 1971 kutaura kwekuti “nyika dzisina kusimukira zvikurusa pane dzose” kwakawanwa neMubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose kurondedzera “nyika dzine urombo nedzisina simba zvikurusa mune zvemari dzenyika dzichiri kusimukira.” Ipapo, paiva nenyika 21 dzakadaro. Zvino, kwava ne48 dzadzo, 33 muAfrica.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]

Mamiriyoni anoshanda maawa marefu vachiwana mubhadharo muduku

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Godo-Foto

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]

Umbozha neurombo zviripo parutivi nerutivi

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Mamiriyoni anogara muzvivako zviri pasi pezvine mwero