MaIndia ekuAmerica Mugumo Wenhambo
NDIANI asina kuona firimu rinofananidzira vafudzi vemombe nemaIndia? Vanhu munyika yose vakanzwa nezvaWyatt Earp, Buffalo Bill, uye zveLone Ranger uye zvemaIndia Geronimo, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, uye Chief Joseph, pamwe chete nevamwe vazhinji. Asi kurondedzera kweHollywood kwave kwakarurama sei? Uye kuratidzira kwavo maIndia kwave kusina rusaruro sei?
Nhau yokukurirwa kwemaIndia ekuNorth America nevokuEurope inomutsa mibvunzo.a Mabhuku enhau akarondedzera maIndia nenzira isina rusaruro here? Pane zvidzidzo zvipi nezvipi here zvinofanira kudzidzwa pamusoro pemakaro, udzvinyiriri, urudzi, uye utsinye? Ndeipi iri nhau yechokwadi yevanowanzonzi vafudzi vemombe nemaIndia?
Kuramba Kukurirwa Kwokupedzisira kwaCuster Nokupondwa Kwavakawanda paWounded Knee
Mugore ra1876, n’anga inonzi Sitting Bull yeLakota (rimwe remapoka makuru eSioux) yakanga iri mutungamiriri muhondo yakakurumbira yeLittle Bighorn River, muMontana. Nevarwi 650, Mukuru Mukuru Weuto “Long Hair” Custer akafunga kuti aigona kukurira zviri nyore varwi 1 000 veSioux neCheyenne. Ikoku kwakanga kuri kutadza kuronga kwakashata zvikuru. Akanga achitarisana zvimwe neboka gurusa revarwi vemaIndia okuAmerica rati ramboungana—vanenge 3 000.
Custer akakamura Boka rake Reuto Ramabhiza rechi7 kuva mapoka matatu. Risingamiriri tsigiro yemamwe maviri, boka rake rakadenha urwo rwaaifunga kuti rwaizova rutivi rusina dziviriro rwemusasa wemaIndia. Vachitungamirirwa nasabhuku Crazy Horse, Gall, uye Sitting Bull, maIndia akaparadza chose chose Custer neboka rake ravarwi 225. Rwakanga ruri rukundo rwechinguvana nokuda kwemarudzi eIndia asi kukurirwa kunorwadza zvikuru nokuda kweUto reUnited States. Zvisinei, kutsiva kukuru zvikuru kwakanga kuri kure nemakore 14 bedzi.
Pakupedzisira, Sitting Bull akasarenda, achiva akanga apikirwa ruregerero. Panzvimbo pako, akaganhurirwa kwenguva yakati paFort Randall, Nharaunda yeDakota. Muukweguru hwake, akaoneka pachena mushoo yaifamba inonzi Buffalo Bill’s Wild West. Aichimbova mutungamiriri akakurumbira akanga ava mumvuriwo zvawo wen’anga inopesvedzera zvikuru yaaichimbova.
Muna 1890, Sitting Bull (zita reLakota, Tatanka Iyotake) akapfurwa ndokufa nevakuru vakuru vemapurisa veIndia avo vakanga vatumwa kuzomusunga. Vaurayi vake vakanga vari “Metal Breasts” yeSioux (mapurisa ane mabheji), Mukuru mukuru Bull Head naSajeni Red Tomahawk.
Mugore rimwe chetero, kudzivisa kwemaIndia kudzora kwomurungu kwakakurirwa pakupedzisira pakupondwa kwavakawanda kweWounded Knee Creek paGreat Plains yeAmerica. Ipapo, varume, vakadzi, uye vana vanenge 320 veSioux vakanga vachitiza vakaurawa nemauto ehurumende nepfuti dzavo huru dzeHotchkiss. Varwi vacho vakaganza kuti uku kwakanga kuri kutsiva kwavo kuurawa kwemakomuredhi avo, Custer navarume vake, pamakomo akatevedzana akatarisana neLittle Bighorn River. Neiyi nzira kwakagumisa makore anopfuura 200 ehondo nerwisano zvepanhambo nenhambo pakati pevagari veAmerica vakavhozhokera nendudzi dzemo dzakakombwa nemauto.
Asi maIndia ekuAmerica akasvika sei pakugara muNorth America pakutanga? Rudzii rwomuraramire rwaakanga anarwo murungu asati asvika muNorth America?b Chii chakatungamirira kukukurirwa nokudzorwa kwawo kwokupedzisira? Uye ndeapi ari mamiriro ezvinhu azvino emaIndia munyika yava kudzorwa zvino nevazukuru vevatami vapakuvamba veEurope? Iyi nemimwe mibvunzo ichakurukurwa munyaya dzinotevera.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Nepo mashoko okuti “muIndia wokuAmerica” achidiwa hawo nevamwe zvino, “muIndia” richiriwo rinowanzoshandiswa munongedzero zhinji. Tichave tichishandisa aya mashoko achichinjana-chinjana. “MuIndia” ndiro zita risina kururama rakapiwa vakaberekerwako naColumbus, uyo akafunga kuti akanga asvika muIndia apo akasvika muinozivikanwa zvino seWest Indies.
b Muidzi nyaya tiri kubata bedzi nemaIndia okuNorth America. MaIndia ekuAmerica eMexico, Central America, uye South America—vaAztec, vaMaya, vaInca, vaOlmec, uye vamwe—vacharangarirwa muzvinyorwa zvinotevera zvemagazini ino.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]
Kuviga vakafa paWounded Knee
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Montana Historical Society