Vakabva Kupi?

“TAIZVIDANA timene kuti ani Columbus asati auya? . . . Mundudzi imwe iri yose, kunyange nhasi, apo unoshandura shoko iro takanga tinaro nokuda kwedu timene, pasina kuzivana, rakanga riri nguva dzose chimwe chinhu chaishandurirwa zvikurukuru kuchinhu chimwe chetecho. Mumutauro wedu [Narrangansett] ndiNinuog, kana kuti vanhu [muNavajo, Diné], kureva vanhu. Ndizvo zvataizvidana timene. Naizvozvo apo vanoenda kunzvimbo tsvene [vokuEurope] vakasvika muno, taiziva kuti taiva vanaani, asi taisaziva kuti vakanga vari vanaani. Naizvozvo takavadana kuti Awaunageesuck, kana kuti vaeni, nemhaka yokuti ndivo vakanga vari vokumwe, ndizvo vakanga vari vatisingazivi, asi isu taizivana. Uye takanga tiri vanhu.”—Tall Oak, werudzi rweNarragansett.

Rondedzero izhinji pamusoro pemavambo emaIndia ekuAmerica.a Joseph Smith, muvambi wevaMormon, akanga ari mumwe wevanoverengeka, kubatanidza Quaker William Penn, uyo aidavira kuti maIndia akanga ari vaHebheru, vazukuru vedzinonzi ndudzi gumi dzakarasika dzaIsraeri. Tsananguro inogamuchirwa nevanofunda nezvemadzinza evanhu vazhinjisa nhasi ndeyokuti zvimwe kupfurikidza nenyika inobatanidza kana kuti kupfurikidza neigwa, ndudzi dzeAsia dzakatamira muyava zvino Alaska, Canada, uye United States. Kunyange nzvero dzeDNA dzinoratidzika kuva dzinotsigira iyi pfungwa.

MaIndia okuAmerica—Mavambo Awo Nezvitendero

Vanyori vari maIndia ekuAmerica Tom Hill (Seneca) naRichard Hill, Sr., (Tuscarora) vanonyora mubhuku ravo rinonzi Creation’s Journey—Native American Identity and Belief, kuti: “MaIndia mazhinjisa anodavira nenzira yegamuchidzanwa kuti akasikwa kubva mupasi rimene, kubva mumvura, kana kuti kubva munyeredzi. Vezvesayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo, kune rumwe rutivi, vane murangariro wenyika huru inoyambuka Bering Strait, iyo vokuAsia vakatama nomairi kuenda kuNyika dzeAmerica; ava vokuAsia, rondedzero yacho inopfuurira kudaro, vakanga vari madziteteguru evanhu vakaberekerwa muHafu Yedenderedzwa Rapasi yokuMadokero.” Mamwe maIndia ekuAmerica anorerekera kukuva ane panikiro pamusoro perondedzero yeBering Strait womurungu. Anoda hawo kudavira ngano dzawo nenhoroondo. Anozvirangarira amene sevagari vokutanga panzvimbo pevatami vaingofamba vakabva kuAsia.

Mubhuku rake rinonzi An Indian Winter, Russell Freedman anotsanangura, kuti: “Mukuwirirana nechitendero cheMandan [ndudzi yakanga iri pedyo norutivi rwokumusoro rweRwizi rweMissouri], Munhu Wokutanga akanga ari mudzimu une simba, munhu woumwari. Akanga asikwa munguva yakapfuura iri kure naIshe Woupenyu, musiki wezvinhu zvose, kuti ashande somurevereri pakati pevanhuwo zvavo navanamwari vasingaverengeki, kana kuti midzimu, avo vaigara muchisiko chose.” Chitendero cheMandan chaitobatanidza ngano yemafashamo. “Pane imwe nguva, apo mafashamo makuru akakukura nyika, Munhu Wokutanga akaponesa vanhu kupfurikidza nokuvadzidzisa kuvaka shongwe inodzivirira, kana kuti ‘areka,’ iyo yaizoyangamara pamusoro pemvura dzemafashamo. Mukukudzwa kwake, musha uri wose weMandan wakanga une mufananidzo muduku weshongwe iyeyo yengano—bango romusidhari rakareba mafiti mashanu, rakapoteredzwa nefenzi yemapuranga.”

VaMandan vakanga vainewo chiratidzo chorudzidziso “bango refu rakaputirwa neminhenga nemvere rakaiswa kwarinogumira musoro wemuti wakashata zvikuru, wakapendwa kuva mutema.” Ichochi chaigona kumirira ani? “Uyu mufananidzo waimirira Ochkih-Haddä, mudzimu wakaipa uyo wakanga une pesvedzero huru pavanhu asi wakanga usina simba saIshe Woupenyu kana kuti Munhu Wokutanga.” Nokuda kwemaIndia ePlains, “kudavira nyika yemidzimu rwakanga rwuri rutivi rwusingapanikirwi rwoupenyu hwezuva riri rose. . . . Hapana chisarudzo chikuru chaigona kusvikwa, hapana basa raiitwa, pasina kutanga kutsvaka yamuro netendero yevanhu vanoyera avo vaidzora zvinhu zvevanhu.”

Mubhuku rake rinonzi The Mythology of North America, John Bierhorst anotsanangura, kuti: “Ndudzi dzisati dzavako, vaOsage, kwaitaurwa kudaro, vaifamba nzvimbo nenzvimbo mumamiriro ezvinhu aizivikanwa seganítha (usina mutemo kana kuti nhevedzano). Murangariro wegamuchidzanwa waiti mumazuva iwayo apakuvamba vafungi vakati vainzi Vakweguru Vaduku . . . vakaita rondedzero yokuti simba rakanyarara, rokusika rakazara denga nepasi uye rinochengeta nyeredzi, mwedzi, uye zuva zvichifamba munhevedzano yakakwana. Vairidana kuti Wakónda (simba rakavanzika) kana kuti Eáwawonaka (mupariri wokuvapo kwedu).” Pfungwa yakafanana inogoveranwa nevaZuni, vaSioux, uye vaLakota vari kuMadokero. VaWinnebago vanewo ngano yechisiko iyo inobatanidza “Mugadziri wepasi.” Nhoroondo yacho inoti: “Akashuva chiedza uye kwakava chiedza. . . . Ipapo akafungazve ndokushuva pasi, uye pasi rino rakavapo.”

Nokuda kwomudzidzi weBhaibheri, kunofadza zvikurusa kuona kufanana kwakati kuri pakati pezvitendero zvemaIndia okuAmerica nedzidziso dzinotaurwa muBhaibheri, zvikurukuru pamusoro peMudzimu Mukuru, “mupariri wokuvapo kwedu,” uko kunoyeuchidza nezverevo yezita raMwari, Jehovha, “Anoparira Kuva.” Dzimwe fanano dzinobatanidza Mafashamo uye mudzimu wakaipa unozivikanwa muBhaibheri saSatani.—Genesi 1:1-5; 6:17; Zvakazarurwa 12:9.

Kunzwisisa Uzivi hwemaIndia okuAmerica

Vanyori vari maIndia okuAmerica Tom Hill naRichard Hill vanotsanangura zvipo zvishanu izvo vanotaura kuti maIndia okuAmerica akagamuchira kubva kumadziteteguru avo. “Chipo chokutanga . . . kuda kwedu nyika kukuru.” Uye mukurangarira nhau yavo vokuEurope vasati vasvika uye kubvira panguva iyoyo, ndiani anogona kuramba ikoku? Nyika yavo, yaiwanzorangarirwa seinoyera nemaIndia okuAmerica, yakatorwa nenzira yakarongwa nesimba, nounyengeri, kana kuti nezvibvumirano zvisina kuitwa.

“Chipo chechipiri isimba nemudzimu izvo mhuka dzinogoverana nevanhu vedu.” Kuremekedza mhuka kwemaIndia okuAmerica kwakaratidzirwa munzira zhinji. Vaivhima nokuda kwezvokudya, zvokupfeka, uye pokugara chete. Haasi maIndia ayo akadokutsvaira nyati (bison) asi murungu, nokudisa kwake ropa nemakaro asingarangariri nguva yemberi.

“Chechitatu masimba emudzimu, ayo ari hama dzedu dzokunyama mhenyu uye idzo dzinokurukurirana nesu kupfurikidza nemifananidzo yadzo yatinoita.” Pano ndipo pane nhau inozivikanwa navose yemarudzidziso mazhinji zvikuru munyika yose—kupukunyuka kwemudzimu wakati kana kuti mweya pashure porufu.b

“Chechina kuziva kuti tiri vanaani, uko kunotaurwa nokutsigirwa kupfurikidza nemagamuchidzanwa edu erudzi.” Nhasi ikoku kunogona kucherekedzwa zvirokwazvo pamitambo yerudzi, apo vanhu vanoungana kuti vakurukure nhau dzerudzi, kana kuti pakuungana kwenzanga, apo kutamba kwerudzi nemimhanzi zvinoitika. Mupfekero wechiIndia, kurova ngoma kwomutinhimira, madhanzi acho, kubatanidzwazve kwemhuri nekwedzinza—zvose zvinoratidzira gamuchidzanwa rerudzi.

“Chipo chokupedzisira muitiro wokugadzira zvinhu—zvitendero zvedu zvinoitwa chaizvoizvo kupfurikidza nokushandurwa kwezvinhu zvomusikirwo kuva zvinhu zvokutenda norudado.” Kungave kuri kugadzira mabhasiketi, kuruka, kuumba nokupenda zviumbwa, kugadzira zvinhu nemabwe anokosha nezvishongo, kana kuti mumwe mubato upi noupi wokugadzira zvinhu, wakabatanidzwa negamuchidzanwa ravo netsika zvenguva refu zvikuru.

Kune ndudzi zhinji zvikuru zvokuti kwaizoda mabhuku akawanda zvikuru kuti titsanangure zvitendero zvacho zvose zvegamuchidzanwa nemiitiro. Chinotifadza zvino ndeichi, Itapuroi iyo kupinda kwemamiriyoni evokuEurope, vazhinji vanonzi vaKristu, kwakava nako pamaIndia okuAmerica?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]