Denda Rourovha

YAKANYORWA NOMUNYORI WEMUKAI! MUITALY

Mamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro munyika dzakabudirira dzinoverengeka—asi anonetsawo nyika dziri kubudirira. Hwakarovanya uko hwakamboratidzika kuva hwakanga husiko. Hunotapura mazana amamiriyoni avanhu—vazhinji vavo vari vanamai navanababa. Nokuda kwezvikamu zviviri zvezvitatu zvavokuItaly, i“tyisidziro yokutanga.” Hunoparira zvinetso zvitsva zvenzanga. Kusvika kumwero wakati, huri pamanyuko ezvinetso zvavanhu vaduku vazhinji avo vanova vanobatanidzwa mumirimo. Hunovhiringidza kurara kwamamiriyoni, uye nokuda kwamamiriyoni avamwe, hungangova hwava pedyo zvikuru . . .

“UROVHA ndihwo zvimwe chinhu chakapararira zvikurusa chinotyiwa chenguva dzedu,” inotaura kudaro Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). “Ukuru nemigumisiro zveichi chinhu zvinozivikanwa,” inonyora kudaro Commission of European Communities, asi “kubata nahwo kwakaoma.” “Rutyo,” inodaro imwe nyanzvi, urwo ruri “kudzoka kuzoonekazve mumigwagwa yeEurope Yekare.” MuEuropean Union (EU), marovha anosvika zvino anenge mamiriyoni 20, uye muna October 1994, muItaly bedzi akasvika ane 2 726 000 nenzira yapamutemo. Mukuwirirana nomukuru mukuru weEuropean Union Padraig Flynn, “kupedza urovha ndiyo denho inokosha zvikurusa yenzanga neyezveupfumi yatakatarisana nayo.” Kana usiri kushanda kana kuti uri mungozi yokurasikirwa nebasa rako, unoziva rutyo rwakunoparira.

Asi urovha hahusati huchingova chinetso cheEurope. Hunotambudza nyika dzose dzeAmerica. Hahusati huchisiya Africa, Asia, kana kuti Oceania. Nyika dzeEastern Europe dzaitofanira kutarisana nechinetso chacho mumakore mashomanene apfuura. Chokwadi, hahusati huchirovanya nenzira yakafanana kwose kwose. Asi mukuwirirana navamwe vezveupfumi, mwero yourovha muEurope neNorth America icharamba yakakwirira zvikuru kwazvo kupfuura mumakumi amakore akapfuura.a Uye mumiriro wacho wezvinhu unoitwa “wakaipa zvikuru nokuwedzera kwokusava nebasa rakakwana uye nokuderera kwakapararira kworunako rwamabasa anowanika,” anoonesa kudaro wezveupfumi Renato Brunetta.

Kufambira Mberi Kunopfuurira

Urovha hwakatapura mativi ose ezveupfumi rumwe pashure porumwe: kutanga kurima, nemichina yako yakawedzerwa, uko kunobudisa vanhu basa; ipapo indasitiri, iyo yakatapurwa nedambudziko ramafuta kubvira muma1970 zvichienda mberi; uye zvino, rutivi rwemabasa—kutengeserana, dzidzo—rutivi urwo rwairangarirwa munguva yapfuura kuva rusingadenheki. Makore makumi maviri akapfuura mwero wourovha waipfuura 2 kana kuti 3 muzana waizodai wakaparira tyisidziro huru. Nhasi nyika ine maindasitiri akawanda inozvirangarira kuva iri kubudirira kana urovha huchichengetwa huri pasi pe5 kana kuti 6 muzana, uye nyika zhinji dzakabudirira dzine mwero yakakwirira zvikuru kwazvo.

Mukuwirirana neInternational Labor Organization (ILO), rovha ndeuyo asina basa, akagadzirira kushanda, uye ari kutsvaka basa nokushingaira. Asi zvakadiniko nezvomunhu uyo asina basa renguva dzose rechigarire kana kuti uyo anokwanisa kushanda maawa mashomanene bedzi pavhiki? Basa renguva isina kuzara rinorangarirwa nenzira yakasiyana-siyana munyika nenyika. Munyika dzakati vamwe avo vari marovha chaizvoizvo vanoverengwa nenzira yapamutemo savanoshanda. Mamiriro ezvinhu anorondedzerwa zvisina kukwana ari pakati pokushanda nourovha anokuita kwakaoma kuziva uyo ari rovha chaizvoizvo, uye nokuda kweichi chikonzero nhamba dzinorondedzera bedzi rutivi rwechokwadi chacho. “Kunyange nhamba yapamutemo yemarovha mamiriyoni 35 [munyika dzeOECD] hairatidziri ukuru hwakazara hwokusava namabasa,” inodaro imwe fundo yeEurope.

Mutengo Wakakwirira Wourovha

Asi nhamba dzacho hadzigoveri udzame hwose. “Ndyiko dzeupfumi nedzenzanga dzourovha ihuru,” inodaro Commision of European Communities, uye hadzigumi “kwete bedzi nendyiko dzakananga dzokuripirwa kweyamuro yemari nokuda kwamarovha asiwo mukurasikirwa nemari yomutero iyo marovha aigona kupira kudai aishanda achiripira mitero.” Uye betsero dzourovha dziri kuva dzinorema nenzira inowedzera kwete bedzi nokuda kwehurumende asiwo nokuda kwavanoshanda, avo vanoripiswa mitero yakawedzerwa.

Urovha hahusati huchingova nhau yamaidi amashoko nenhamba. Mamiriro ezvinhu mamwe namamwe ndiwo mugumisiro, nokuti iri denda rinorovanya vanhu—varume, vakadzi, uye pwere dzeboka riri rose renzanga. Hwabatanidzwa nezvimwe zvinetso zvose zvaano “mazuva okupedzisira,” urovha hunogona kubvumikisa kuva mutoro mukuru. (2 Timotio 3:1-5; Zvakazarurwa 6:5, 6) Zvikurukuru kana arovanywa no“urovha hwenguva refu,” kana pasina zvimwe zvisakiso zvinotapura mamiriro acho ezvinhu, munhu ave asingashandi kwenguva refu achakuona kwakatooma zvikuru kuwana basa. Nenzira inosuruvarisa, vamwe vangasatongozoshandazve.b

Nyanzvi dzokushanda kwendangariro dzinowana kuti pakati pamarovha anhasi, zvinetso zvepfungwa nezvokushanda kwendangariro zviri kuwedzera, pamwe chete nokusagadzikana kwemirangariro, kuvhiringidzika, kusaitira hanya kunopfuurira, uye kurasikirwa nokuzviremekedza. Apo munhu ane vana vokutarisira anorasikirwa nebasa, idambudziko guru zvikuru romunhu oga. Mamiriro ezvinhu avashatira. Chengeteko yanyangarika. Nhasi, kutaura idi, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinocherekedza kuvapo kwekurumidziro ye“funganyo yokufungidzira” ine chokuita nebviro yokurasikirwa nebasa rako. Iyi funganyo inogona kutapura zvakakomba ukama hwemhuri uye inogona kuva nemigumisiro inotova ine ngwavaira zvikuru, seizvo kuzviuraya kwenguva pfupi yapfuura kwamarovha kungaratidzira. Zvakare, kuoma kwokuwana basa rako rokutanga kuri pakati pezvisakiso zvinobvira zvamasimba masimba nokuparadzana kwenzanga kwavanhu vaduku.

‘Vasungwa Vetsika Yakashata’

Mukai! yakabvunzurudza vanhu vakati kuti avo vakarasikirwa namabasa avo. Armando ane makore makumi mashanu okukura akataura kuti kwaari kwakareva “kuona nhamburiko dzebasa remakore 30 dzakundikana, achifanira kutangazve,” uye achinzwa “somusungwa wetsika yakashata.” Francesco ‘akaona mamiriro ake ezvinhu amushatira.’ Stefano “akanzwa pfungwa huru yokuodzwa mwoyo mutsika iripoyi youpenyu.”

Kune rumwe rutivi, Luciano, akabudiswa basa pashure pokushanda mukutarisirwa kwebasa ramaoko rebhizimisi rinokosha remotokari reItaly kwaanodokuva makore 30, “akava nehasha nokuvhiringidzwa pakuona kuti nhamburiko dzake, mufambiro wakarurama, uye kutendeseka mukati mamakore akawanda zvikuru ebasa kwakarangarirwa sekusina maturo.”

Kufanotaura Nokuodzwa Mwoyo

Vamwe vezveupfumi vakafungidzira zviitiko zvakasiyana zvikuru. Muna 1930 wezveupfumi John Maynard Keynes akafanotaura nenzira ine tariro kuti “basa nokuda kwavose” mukati mamakore 50 anotevera, uye kwamakumi amakore kushanda kwakazara kwakarangarirwa kuva nharidzano inosvikika. Muna 1945 sangano reCharter of the United Nations rakagadza senharidzano kuwanwa kwamabasa akazara kwokukurumidza. Kutozosvikira nguva pfupi zvikuru yapfuura kwaidavirwa kuti fambiro mberi yaizoreva basa nemaawa mashomanene zvikuru pabasa nokuda kwavose. Asi zvinhu hazvina kuitika nenzira iyeyo. Nhambo yomubato wakaderera wezvemari wakakomba wegumi ramakore rakapfuura wakaparira “dambudziko ramabasa renyika yose rakaipisisa chibviro choKuderera Kwoupfumi Kukuru kwama30,” inodaro ILO. MuSouth Africa vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 3,6 havasi kushanda, kubatanidza vatema vomuAfrica vane mamiriyoni 3. Kunyange Japan—yaiva navasingashandi vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri gore rapfuura—iri kupinda nomudambudziko.

Neiko urovha huri denda rakapararira zvikuru? Zvigadzikisoi zvakakarakadzwa kubata nahwo?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mepu iri papeji 2, 3]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Canada—9,6 muzana

U.S.A.—5,7 muzana

Colombia—9 muzana

Ireland—15,9 muzana

Spain—23,9 muzana

Finland—18,9 muzana

Albania—32,5 muzana

South Africa—43 muzana

Japan—3,2 muzana

Philippines—9,8 muzana

Australia—8,9 muzana

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Mountain High Maps™ copyright © 1993 Digital Wisdom, Inc.