Kutsvaka Dzidzo Yakanaka

DZIDZO yakanaka inogadzirira vana kugonana noupenyu nenzira inobudirira munzanga yanhasi. Inovashongedza nemano edzidzo, kubatanidza kukwanisa kurava nokunyora zvakanaka uye kuita svomhu. Uyezve, inotapura kubata kwavo nevamwe uye inosimbisa mipimo yakanaka yetsika.

Nemhaka yenguva dzakaoma idzi, kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, dzidzo yakadaro yakaoma zvikuru kugovera. Mudzidzisi wechikoro wenguva refu wokuAustralia akachema, kuti: “Makirasi akaumbwa nevana vanoda masimba masimba, vanoshandisa mutauro wakaora, kutuka; vana vakaneta nokusarara zvakakwana somugumisiro wokutarira TV; vana vasina zvokudya zvinovaka muviri kana kuti vane nzara; uye vana vanorerwa pasina chirango.” Uye vadzidzisi vachakuudza, kuti: “Vana vasingadzoreki havabviri kudzidzisa.”

Albert Shanker, purezidhendi weAmerican Federation of Teachers, akarondedzera chinetso chevadzidzisi, achiti: “Vanofanira kuitisa dzidzo yemirimo nezvinodhaka, dzidzo yevatano, . . . rovedzwo yevadzidzi yokuti vazviremekedze, kuziva mitezo yechikwata chematsotsi, . . . nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Chinhu chiri chose kunze kwekudzidzisa chaikoiko. . . . Chavari kukumbirwa kuita chaizvoizvo kuva vashandi veunyanzvi vanobetsera vanotambura, madzimai, madzibaba, vanorapa nokurovedza muviri, mapurisa, nyanzvi dzezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, vashandi veutano vehurumende, nyanzvi dzokurapa.”

Nei ikoku kuchidikanwa kuvadzidzisi? Pfupiso yevanoumba kamuri dzokudzidzira iri mune rimwe guta guru riri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States inoratidzira chikonzero nei. New York Times yakashuma kutaura kwakaitwa neimwe nyanzvi pamusoro pekirasi yepaavhareji yevadzidzi 23. Akataura kuti “8 kusvikira ku15 vaive nebviro yokuva vari kurarama muurombo; 3 kuve vakanga vaberekwa navanaamai vaishandisa mirimo; 15 kuve vaigara nomubereki mumwe.”

Nenzira iri pachena, mhuri iri kuparara. MuUnited States, kunenge 1 kwekubereka 3 kuri kwose hakusi kwapamutemo, uye roorano 1 mu2 dziri dzose inoguma nechatanuro. Bva nhamba muzana yokubereka kunze kweroorano muDenmark, France, Great Britain, uye Sweden yakatokwira zvikuru. Ndedzipi nhamburiko dziri kuitwa kugonana nenjodzi iyo mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoparira muzvikoro?

Kutsvaka Mhinduro

Zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana zvokuedza kana kuti zvimwe zvakatangwa. Izvi kazhinji kazhinji zviduku zvikuru—zvichibvirisa kusanotarisira zvikuru—uye zvizhinji zvinovamba zvidzidzo zvazvo zvimene munhamburiko yokuita zvinodikanwa zvavana zviri nani. MuNew York City, zvikoro zviduku zvikuru zvakadaro 48 zvakavhurwa kubvira muna 1993, uye zvimwe 50 zviri kurongwa. “Masimba masimba [emuchikoro] akatangisa kuedza kwacho,” yakadaro The New York Times. Pakasvika 1992 zvimwe zvikoro zvinopfuura 500 zvakanga zvatangwa muRussia, zvine vadzidzi vanopfuura 333 000.

Kune rumwe rutivi, The Toronto Star yakashuma, kuti: “Zviuru zviri kutumira vana vazvo kuzvikoro zvevana vevapfumi nevanosanozivikanwa.” Muruwa rweCanada rweOntario moga, vanenge vana 75 000 vanoenda kuzvikoro zvisiri zvehurumende. Izvi zvave kuwanikawo muRussia mose, uye magazini inonzi China Today inotaura kuti zvakavamba muChina “kufanana nenhungirwa dzemushenjere pashure pegukurahundi.” Bhuku rinonzi The Handbook of Private Schools rinogovera ndaza dzapachena dzezvikoro zvakadaro zvinenge 1 700 zviri muUnited States, uko muripo wegore negore unogona kuva $170 000 kana kuti kupfuura.

Vamwezve vabereki vakasarudza kudzidzisa vana vavo pamusha. MuUnited States moga, kunofungidzirwa kuti kudzidzisa pamusha kwakawedzera kubva kuinenge 15 000 muna 1970 kusvikira kuvakawanda semiriyoni muna 1995.

Migumisiro Yakasiyana

Hadzisiri gadziriro dzose dzezvikoro munyika yose dziri kuwana migumisiro yakaenzana. Muna July 1993, Shanker akataurira boka revadzidzisi veU.S., kuti: “Dzimwe nyika dziri kushandisa zvikoro uye dziri kuwana migumisiro iri nani zvikuru kupfuura yedu.” Kuenzanisira, akataura nezvokusangana nevanyakuroorana vanobva kuRussia vaive vatamira kuUnited States. Akarondedzera, kuti: “Vakataura kuti kunyange zvazvo vakanga vane mwana wavo ari muchikoro chisiri chehurumende chakanaka zvikuru, muduku wavo wegiredhi rechisere akanga achidzidza zvaakanga atodzidza mugiredhi rechitatu kumusha.”

Yaichimbova Soviet Union yakavamba gadziriro yechikoro yakadzidzisa vanodokuva vanhu vayo vose kurava nokunyora. Kune rumwe rutivi, maererano nefungidziro yeBazu reDzidzo reU.S., vagari veAmerica vane mamiriyoni 27 havagoni kurava chiratidzo chomugwagwa kana kuti nhamba iri pabhazi. Uye Canberra Times yeAustralia yakashuma kuti “inosvika ku25 muzana yevana vechikoro chepuraimari vaipfuurira kuchikoro chepamusoro vasingakwanisi kurava nokunyora.”

Njodzi iri muzvikoro zvino iriko kusvikira kumwero wakati kunenge kwose kwose. Bhuku ra1994 rinonzi Education and Society in the New Russia rinotaura kuti “72,6 muzana yevadzidzisi veSoviet yakabvunzurudzwa yakabvuma kuti gadziriro yechikoro yakanga iri munjodzi yakakomba.” Maererano naTanya, mudzidzisi wenguva refu ari muMoscow, chisakiso chikuru chenjodzi ndechokuti “vabereki nevadzidzi vamene havachakoshesi dzidzo.” Akataura, somuenzaniso, kuti “mudzidzisi anowana hafu yemari inowanwa nomutyairi webhazi chaiye—kana kuti kunyange shoma.”

Dzidzo Yakanaka Inokosha

Sezvo nzanga yevanhu inova yakaoma zvikuru nguva dzose, dzidzo yakanaka inova noukoshi ukuru zvikuru. Munzvimbo zhinji ukuru hwedzidzo inodikanwa kugonesa muduku mukuru kuwana basa richamutsigira nemhuri yomunguva yemberi hwakava hwakakwirira zvikuru. Naizvozvo, avo vakafunda mano edzidzo okutanga vachava nemikana yebasa iri nani zvikuru. Vashandirwi vanoitira hanya zvikuru chokurangarira chinokosha zvikuru—munhu anotsvaka basa anogona kuita basa racho zvakanaka sei.

Mumwe maneja wehofisi yebasa rokupinza basa akati pamusoro pevazhinji vakapedza kudzidza pazvikoro zvepamusoro: “Havana kudzidziswa kushanda.” Akawedzera, kuti: “Mukubata nevanhu vaduku chinetso icho vashandirwi vanondiudza nezvacho nguva dzose ndechokuti havagoni kurava kana kuti kunyora zvakanaka zvikuru. Havagoni kuzadza fomu rokutsvaka basa.”

Vabereki vachada zvirokwazvo dzidzo yakanaka nokuda kwavana vavo, uye vanhu vaduku nenzira yokuchenjera vachaida nokuda kwavo vamene. Asi kwakakosha kuti vashandise kiyi dzinodikanwa. Chii chiri kiyi idzi, uye dzinogona kushandiswa sei?

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 22]

MuRussia, “mudzidzisi anowana hafu yemari inowanwa nomutyairi webhazi chaiye”