Ropa: Chisarudzo Chaani uye Ihana Yaani?
Yakatsikirirwazve nebvumiro yeNew York State Journal of Medicine, 1988; 88:463-464, yakashandurwa neMedical Society of the State of New York.
Vanachiremba vanosungirwa kushandisa zivo yavo, unyanzvi, uye ruzivo rwokuzviwanira mukurwisa hosha norufu. Zvisinei, zvakadini nomurwere anoramba kurapwa kunorumbidzwa? Kungaitika kana murwere ari Chapupu chaJehovha uye kurapa kuri ropa rose, masero azerwe neropa dzvuku, plasma, kana kuti maplatelet.
Pakunosvikwa pashandiswo yeropa, chiremba angafunga kuti chisarudzo chomurwere chokurapa kusina ropa kuchaita kuti vanachiremba vakazvipira vasazive chokuita. Zvisinei, munhu anofanira kusakanganwa kuti varwere vasati vari Zvapupu zvaJehovha vanowanzosarudza rumbidzo dzavanachiremba vavo. Mukuwirirana neAppelbaum neRoth,1 vane 19 muzana vavarwere vapazvipatara zvavanachiremba vachikudzidza vakaramba kunenge kurapa kumwe kana kuti muitiro, kunyange zvazvo vane 15 muzana vokuramba kwakadaro “vaiva papfundo rokufa.”
Murangariro wose wokuti “vanachiremba vanosanoziva” unosakisa varwere vazhinjisa kuvimba nounyanzvi nezivo zvachiremba vavo. Asi kwaizova kune ngozi nomutoo wamanomano sei kuti chiremba apfuurire sokunge kuti uku kutaura kwaiva idi resayenzi uye kurapa varwere mukuwirirana nakwo. Chokwadi, rovedzo yedu yezvokurapa, rezinesi, noruzivo rwokuzviwanira zvinotipa ropafadzo yakatanhamara mune zvokurapa. Kunyanguvezvo, varwere vedu vane maruramiro. Uye, sezvatingaziva, mutemo (kunyange Bumbiro roMutemo) unoremekedza zvikurukuru mutemo.
Pamadziro ezvipatara zvizhinji, munhu anoona “Chiziviso Chamaruramiro Omurwere” chakaratidzirwa. Rimwe raaya maruramiro ibvumirano yakaziviswa, nomutoo wakarurama zvikuru iwo anganzi chisarudzo chakaziviswa. Pashure pokunge murwere aziviswa nezvemiuyo inobvira yokurapa kwakasiana-siana (kana kuti yokusarapwa), maruramiro ake kusarudza zvaachaita. PaAlbert Einstein Hospital muBronx, New York, muitiro wakanyorwa pamusoro pokuisirwa ropa uye Zvapupu zvaJehovha wakati: “Murwere upi noupi akura anoutano hwake huri nani anamaruramiro okuramba kurapa pasinei hapo nokuti kurapa kwakadaro kungava nengozi yakadini pautano hwake.”2
Kunyange vanachiremba vangataura kuitira hanya nheyo kana kuti kuva nomutoro, matare akasimbisa ukoshi hwechisarudzo chomurwere.3 Dare Rokukwirira Mhaka reNew York rakati “maruramiro omurwere okusarudza nzira yokurapa kwake amene . . . Chiremba haagoni kuwanirwa mhaka yokuva akaputsa mitoro yake yapamutemo kana yebasa apo iye anoremekedza maruramiro omurwere anokwanisa akura okuramba kurapwa.”4 Dare irero rakacherekedzawo kuti “perero yenheyo yachiremba, nepo ichikosha, haigoni kukurira maruramiro enheyo omunhu anosimbiswa pano. Ndizvinodikanwa nezvishuvo zvomunhuwo, kwete zvinodikanwa zvechipatara, zviri zvinokosha.”5
Apo Chapupu chinoramba ropa, vanachiremba vanganzwa marwadzo ehana pakariro yokuita zviri zvinoratidzika kuva zviri pasi pezvavaizoita. Icho Chapupu chinokumbira vanachiremba vanovimbika kuita, kunyanguvezvo, ndechokumwe kurapa kwakanakisisa kunobvira mumigariroyo. Tinofanira kuwanzochinja kurapa kwedu kuti tinangane nemigariro, yakadai sokufamba kwakakwirira kweropa, kusawirirana kwakakomba kwokurapwa namaantibiotic, kana kuti kusawanikwa kweimwe shongedzero yakati yokurapa nokuda kwokudya mari yakawanda. Kumurwere ari Chapupu, vanachiremba vari kukumbirwa kutarisira chinetso chokurapa kana kuti chokuvhiya mutsinhirano nechisarudzo chomurwere nehana, chisarudzo chake chetsika/chorudzidziso chokuramba ropa.
Mishumo mizhinji yokuvhiya kukurusa pavarwere vari Zvapupu inoratidzira kuti vanachiremba vazhinji vanogona, muhana yakanaka uye norubudiriro, kugamuchira mukumbiro wokusashandisa ropa. Somuenzaniso, muna 1981, Cooley akahwirudzura kuvhiiwa kwomwoyo netsiga dzeropa kune 1 026, kune 22 muzana kwakaitwa pavana. Iye akataura “kuti ngozi yokuvhiya muvarwere veboka reZvapupu zvaJehovha yakanga isina kukwira zvikuru kwazvo kupinda yavamwe.”6 Kambouris7 akashuma kuvhiiwa kukurusa paZvapupu, zvimwe zvazvo zvakanga zva“rambirwa kurapwa kwokuvhiya kunodikanwa nokukurumidza nokuda kwokuramba kwazvo kugamuchira ropa.” Iye akati: “Varwere vose vanowana simbisiro dzapamberi pokurapwa kuti zvitendero zvavo zvorudzidziso zvicharemekedzwa, pasinei hapo nemigariro ingamuka mukamuri rokuvhiira. Kwakanga kusina miuyo yakashata youyu muitiro.”
Apo murwere ari Chapupu chaJehovha, hana inorangarirwa zvikuru, kupfuura nhau yechisarudzo. Munhu haagoni kufunga bedzi nezvehana yachiremba. Zvakadiniko neyomurwere? Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinorangarira upenyu hunomirirwa neropa sechipo chaMwari. Izvo zvinodavira murairo weBhaibheri wokuti maKristu anofanira “kurega ropa” (Mabasa 15:28, 29).8 Saka, kana chiremba akaputsa nomutoo wechiremera kupwiswa kwakadaro kukuru kwakaviwa nakwo kwenguva refu kworudzidziso kwomurwere, muuyo ungava wakaipa. Pope John Paul II akacherekedza kuti kugombedzera munhu kuputsa hana yake “ikuvadziko inoisvorwadza inoitwa pachiremera chomunhu. Mune imwe pfungwa, kwakaipisisa kupinda rufu rwokunyama kana kuti kuuraya.”9
Kunyange Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvichiramba ropa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvorudzidziso, varwere vazhinji-zhinji vasati vari Zvapupu vari kusarudza kudzivisa ropa nokuda kwengozi dzakadai seAIDS, non-A non-B hepatitis, uye zvirwere zvinoparirwa nekundikano yegadziriro inodzivirira zvirwere. Tingavapa mirangariro yedu kana ngozi dzakadaro dzichiratidzika kuva duku kana dzichienzanisirwa nebetsero. Asi, sezvo Sangano reZvokurapa reAmerica richiratidzira, murwere ndiye “musarudzi wokupedzisira kana iye achizoedza kushandisa kurapa kana kuti kuvhiya kunorumbidzwa nachiremba kana kuti kupinda mungozi yokurarama asina kuvhiiwa. Akadarowo maruramiro omuzvarirwo omunhu, ayo mutemo unobvuma.”10
Inowirirana naikoku, Macklin11 akamutsa nhau yengozi/betsero pamusoro peChapupu “icho chakapinza mungozi kubuda ropa kutosvikira parufu chisina kuisirwa ropa.” Chiremba achikufunda akati: “Gadziriro yake yokufunga yakanga ichiri nani. Unoitei apo zvitendero zvorudzidziso zvinorwisana namanyuko bedzi okurapa?” Macklin akarangarira, kuti: “Isu tingadavira zvakasimba zvikuru kuti uyu munhu ari kuita mhosho. Asi Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinodavira kuti kuisirwa ropa . . . [kunga]parira shurikidzo isingagumi. Tinorovedzwa kuita nzvero dzine ngozi nedzine betsero mumishonga asi kana uchiyera shurikidzo isingagumi nokuramba uri mupenyu pasi pano, kunzvera kunova nenzira yakasiana.”11
Vercillo naDuPrey12 muchinyorwa chino cheJournal vakanongedzera kuIn re Osborne kusimbisa fariro mukusimbisira kotsekano yavanotarisirwa navarwere, asika nhau iyeyo yakapedzwa sei? Yakanga iri pamusoro pomumwe baba akakuvadzwa zvakakomba wavana vaduku vaviri. Dare rakasarudza kuti kana ivo vakafa, hama dzokunyama dzaizotarisira mune zvokunyama nezvokumudzimu zvavana vavo. Naizvozvo, somune zvimwe zvinoitika zvazvino uno,13 dare harina kuwana fariro yehurumende yokubvumira kukurira kwechisarudzo chomurwere chokusarudza kurapwa; kupindira kwokutonga kubvumira kurapwa kwaakaramba zvikuru kwakabviswa.14 Kupfurikidza nokumwe kurapa murwereyo akanaya ndokupfuurira kutarisira mhuri yake.
Hakuzi kwechokwadi here kuti zvirwere zvizhinjisa vanachiremba vakanangana nazvo, kana kuti zvavachanangana nazvo, zvinogona kutarisirwa pasina ropa? Zvatakafunda nezvatinozivisisa zvine chokuita nezvinetso zvokurapa, asi varwere vanhu vane mipimo nenharidzano zvisingagoni kufuratirwa. Vanozivisisa zvinouya pakutanga zvavo, tsika dzavo vamene nehana, zvinoita kuti upenyu huve nerevo kwavari.
Kuremekedza hana dzorudzidziso dzavarwere vari Zvapupu kungadenha unyanzvi hwedu. Asi sezvatinonangana neiyi denho, tinosimbisa sununguko dzinokosha idzo isu tose tinoziva. Sokunyora kwakaita John Stuart Mill nomutoo wakakodzera: “Hakuna nzanga umo idzi sununguko dzose, dzisingaremekedzwi, yakasununguka, zvisinei nechingava chimiro chayo chehurumende . . . Munhu mumwe nomumwe anotarisira zvakafanira utano hwake amene, hungava hwomuviri, kana kuti hwendangariro nohwomudzimu. Vanhu vanowana zvikuru kupfurikidza nokushivirirana kuti vararame sezvakunoratidzika kuva kwakanaka kwavari vamene, panokugombedzerana kurarama sezvinoratidzika kuva zvakanaka kuna vamwe.”15
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14. In re Osborne, 294 A 2d 372 (DC Ct App 1972).
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