Nguva Yemberi Yorudzidziso Pakurangarirwa Kwenguva Yarwo Yakapfuura
Chikamu 4: 1513-607 P.N.V.—Rudzi Rwakatsaurwa, Rusina Kufanana Namamwe Ose
KWAKAVA pamwe chete nokutinhira nokupenya, kwakanga kuri kuberekwa kuno rubudiriro. Nguva yakanga iri 1513 P.N.V., uye nzvimbo yakanga iri Gomo reSinai, munzvimbo yakanga iri Arabhia panguva iyeyo asi nhasi iEgipita. Panzvimbo pokuberekwa kwomunhu, kwakanga kuri kuberekwa kworudzi!
Risingasviki gore pamberi pakwo, vakanga vari nzanga yamadzitateguru zvimwe yavanhu vane mamirioni matatu, vaiva varanda voubati ushe hwenyika hweEgipita. Zvino vakanga vari rudzi rwakasununguka, urwo Mwari wavo akanga asarudza kuronga sorudzi—asi rusati ruchingovawo zvarwo rudzi rupi norupi rworudzi. Vaizova rudzi rwakatsaurwa, rusina kufanana norupi norupi rwakanga rwambovapo kare kana kuti rwaizovapozve.
‘Chechi Nenyika’—Asi Nomusiano
Kutamburira kwaNimirodhi kubatanidza rudzidziso nehurumende kwakanga kwaguma nengwavaira. Chakanga chichiitika zvino paGomo reSinai munzira dzakati kuti kwakanga kuri kubatana kwakafanana. Kwaizotongobudirira zvikuru here?
Rudzi runoda mitemo. Naizvozvo vaIsraeri vakapira mitemo gumi yehwaro, inowanzozivikanwa seMirairo Gumi, uyewo mirau ine 600 kana kuti inopfuura. (Eksodho 20:1-17) Rakanga riri bumbiro remitemo rakavakirwa pazvokwadi dzapakuvamba dzanguve dzichishandisirwa rudzidziso rwechokwadi, uye dzichiri kushandiswa, kunyange muzana ramakore redu rechi 20.
Ko iyi mitemo yakavakirwa paBumbiro Remitemo raHammurabi raitovapo here? Vamwe vanhu vakafunga kudaro, sezvo Hammurabi, mambo womutsara wamadzimambo eBhabhironi, akabata ushe kwerinopfuura zana rimwe ramakore nehafu Israeri asati ava rudzi. Muna 1902 bumbiro rake romutemo rakawanwa rakanyorwa paibwe rechirangaridzo iro pakuvamba-vamba rakanga riri mutembere yaMerodhaki muBhabhironi. Zvisinei, bhuku rinonzi Documents From Old Testament Times rinopeta, richiti: “Pasinei hapo nefanano zhinji, hakuna chikonzero chokurangarira kuti vaHebheru vakabwereka nomutoo upi noupi wakananga kuvaBhabhironi. Kunyange uko zvirongwa zviviri zvemitemo zvinoti sianei mumurangariro, zvakasiana zvikuru mudonzo.”
Yakanga iriyo nzira imwe bedzi iyo rudzi rwakanga rwakasiana nayo. Mukuwedzera, pakuvamba-vamba rwaisafanira kuva nomubati ushe wohunhu. Rwaizotungamirirwa naMambo asingaoneki ari mumatenga, nokudaro achiita urwu rudzi rwakasiana zvikurukuru, rusina kufanana namamwe. Hakuna kutongovambwa mutsara wamadzimambo kutozosvikira anenge makore 400 gare gare. Asi kunyange panguva iyoyo, rudzi irworwo rwakanga rwakasiana. Mambo warwo haana kutongotaura kuva Mwari kana kuti mwana waMwari, somuenzaniso, sezvaiita vaFarao veEgipita. Madzimambo aIsraeri aingogara bedzi pa“chigaro choumambo chaJehovha” munzira yokumirira.—1 Makoronike 29:23.
Mishando yehurumende yaIsraeri, inobatanidza kuitwa kwemitemo, mabasa okutonga, uye avakuru vakuru ingatiyeuchidza nezvehurumende dzakati kuti nhasi. Asi zvakare, pakanga pane musiano mukuru. Isaya 33:22 inotsanangura, kuti: “Nokuti Jehovha ndiye Mutongi wedu [mutezo wedare], Jehovha ndiye Mupi mutemo [muiti wemitemo], Jehovha ndiye Mambo wedu [mudzori].” Mishando yose mitatu yehurumende yakanga yakabatanidzwa muna Mwari waIsraeri. Mambo worudzi, kana kuti vatongi varwo, kana kuti vaprista varwo havazati vaizova madzimambo chose chose. Vose vaisungwa nemitemo nenhungamiro zvaMwari dzavaizviitira, mukusafanana zvikuru navashushi vavanhu vezvamatongerwe enyika navarudzi nhasi.
Nokudaro, kunyange kubatanidzwa kweChechi neNyika muzuva raNimirodhi kwakanga kuri kubatanidzwa kwehurumende yavanhu norudzidziso rwenhema, chakaitika paGomo reSinai kwakanga kuri kubatanidzwa kwehurumende youmwari norudzidziso rwechokwadi. Ikoku kwakasimbisira miuyo iri nani zvikuru.
Zviito Zvokutenda Kwakavhengana Zvaibvisa Zvisino Kufanira
Shaikwo yokutenda yakaparira kuva vanodzungaira kwavaIsraeri kwamakore 40 murenje. Zvino, muna 1473 P.N.V., pakupedzisira vodokupinda muKanani, nyika Mwari wavo akanga avapikira, ivo vakayeuchidzwa nezvomusengwa wavo wokuratidzira mbiri yake sorudzi rwakatsaurwa nokuda kwebasa rake. Pakanga pasati pachizova nokusonganirana navaKanani. Ikoko kunotsanangura icho bhuku renongedzero rinoidza kuti “utsinye hwavo kuvavakidzani vavo vasati vari vanamati vaYahwe, nokuomerera kwavo pamusiano waYahwe.”
‘Asika chimbomira,’ mumwe munhu angaramba achiti, ‘neiko pakanga pane uku kusashivirira? VaKanani vangave vave vari vapachokwadi zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, ko marudzidziso ose haazati achingova bedzi nzira dzakasiana-siana dzokusvika nadzo kuna Mwari mumwe cheteyo here?’ Usati wabvuma, yeuka miuyo yakashata yakatamburwa navamwe vanhu mubasa rizerwe namasimba masimba rapamberi paMafashamo, mumazuva aNimirodhi pakuvaka shongwe, uye mukati momugariro wokunamatwa kwavamwari vazhinji kweEgipita. Zvimwe vamwe vavanhu ivava vakanga vari vapachokwadiwo, asi ikoku hakuna kuvaponesa pakucheka miuyo yokuva vaishandisa marudzidziso sezvinooneka asingagamuchiriki kuno Musiki wavo. Ko rudzidziso rwavaKanani rwakanga rwakashata sezvakanga zvakaita mamwe aya here? Rangarira maidi anowadzanyurwa mubhokisi rinoti “Rudzidziso muKanani—Rwakanga Rwuri Rwechokwadi Here Kana Kuti Rwenhema?” papeji 23 dzokonokei wozvisarudzira iwe umene.
Kusatsarukana Pakati Pemifungo Miviri
Pashure pokupinda muNyika Yakapikirwa, Joshua, mutevedzeri waMosesi, akatungamirira mukurwisa rudzidziso rwenhema. Asi pashure porufu rwake, vaIsraeri vakaregeredza kuenderera mberi, kudya nhaka yenyika. Ivo vakapinda pamuitiro wokuregerera wokugarisana. Ikoko kwakanga kusati kuri betsero yavo. VaKanani vakava seminzwa mumativi avo, vachipfuurira kuvanetsa, vachivaparira vavaparirazve kutsauka parudzidziso rwechokwadi.—Numeri 33:55; Vatongi 2:20-22.
Kwamakore ane 300 pashure pacho, vatongi 12 vakagadzwa nomutoo woumwari panhambo nenhambo vaivapo kuti vanunure vaIsraeri vanodzokera shure muusungwa hworudzidziso rwenhema. Ivava vaibatanidza varume vanosanozivikanwa vakadai saBharaki, Gidheoni, Jafita, uye Samsoni.
Ipapo, muna 1117 P.N.V., chinjo huru yechimiro chehurumende yakaitika apo Sauro akagadzwa pachigaro choumambo samambo wohunhu wokutanga waIsraeri. Iye akateverwa pachigaro choumambo naDhavhidhi, uyo pakupedzisira akakurira vavengi vose vaIsraeri vari mukati meNyika Yakapikirwa, achifutunura rudzirwo kusvikira kumiganhu yakagadzwa nomutoo woumwari. Mukati mokutonga kwaSoromoni mwanakomana wake, Israeri akasvika pamwero mukurusa wake wembiri, achifarikanya rubudiriro rwakamutsaura navavakidzani vake vose.
Asika parufu rwaSoromoni, muna 998 P.N.V. kana kuti zvimwe muna 997 P.N.V., ngwavaira yakarovanya. Rudzi rwakaparadzana. Ndudzi gumi dzokuchamhembe pashure pacho dzakazozivikanwa saIsraeri, ndudzi mbiri dzokumaodzanyemba dzaJudha naBhejamini saJudha. Kunyange zvazvo dzaikambira kuva dzinomirira Mwari wechokwadi, hapana nomumwe wamadzimambo 19 akatevera oumambo hwokuchamhembe, tisingaverengi Tibhini, aishandisa rudzidziso rwechokwadi. (1 Madzimambo 16:21, 22) Vakanga vasino kutsarukana, sokunge zvakadaro, pamifungo miviri, mugariro wakaparira miuyo yakakomba mumazuva aMambo Ahabhi. (Ona 1 Madzimambo 18:19-40.) Yakatoipisisa zvikuru yakanga iri miuyo muna 740 P.N.V., apo Israeri akakurirwa navaAsiria.
Panguva ino iyi, pamadzimambo 19 aJudha anotanga nomwanakomana waSoromoni Rehoabhiami, ane chitsama bedzi akashandisa kunamata kwechokwadi. Rudzi zvarwakanga rusina kutsiga pakati pamadzimambo akanaka akashata, saizvozvowo vanhu varwo vakava vasina kutsarukana pakati porudzidziso rwechokwadi norwenhema. Dzidziso dzenhema dzorudzidziso nemiitiro inoshatsa yamarudzi akavakidzana navo, kubatanidza nokunamatwa kwaBhaari, zvakava zvinooneka nomutoo unowedzera mumisha yavanhu varwo. Apo iyi miitiro “yakava inonyurazve mukutenda kwavaIsraeri,” rinodaro The New Encyclopædia Britannica, “vanhu vakavamba kurashikirwa nomufungo wokusiana kwavo nokutumwa kwavo kuva uchapupu kumarudzi.” Ikoku kwakaparira ruparadziko rworudzi.
Sezvinooneka, murairo wokugara vakaparadzana navaKanani wakanga warongedzererwa kutaviridzira vaIsraeri nokuchengeta rucheno rwokunamata kwavo. Sorudzi runoshandisa rudzidziso rwechokwadi, ivo vaizochachamara mumusiano wakajeka naavo vasati vaidaro. Asi vaisatsiga kazhinji kazhinji. Pakupedzisira, muna 607 P.N.V., Jerusarema rakaparadzwa navaBhabhironi, uye vagari varo vakapukunyuka vakaendeswa muutapwa. Ivo vakatambura miuyo inosuruvarisa kwamakore 70 nokuda kwokuve vakasiya kunamata kwechokwadi. Bhabhironi, nzvimbo yokuberekerwa kworudzidziso rwenhema rwapashure paMafashamo, rakanga rakurira rudzi rwakatsaurwa, rusina kufanana namamwe ose.
Anoshaiwa—Mubati Ushe Anobudirira
Chero bedzi vaIsraeri vaishandisa rudzidziso rwechokwadi, ivo vaifarikanya rugare nechengeteko. Kubatanidzwa kwehurumende youmwari norudzidziso rwechokwadi kwakavavigira betsero dzorudzi rwuri rwose. Bva rubudiriro rwakanga rwakaganhurirwa. Kudai rugare nechengeteko zvakawanwa kwenguva yakaganhurirwa norudzi rumwe rwaizowana zvizere nokuda kworudzi rwuri rwose, chimwezve chinhu chakanga chichishaikwa. Mubati ushe—mumwe munhu anokwanisa kugovera hurumende yakarurama norudzidziso rwechokwadi rwokuwana rubudiriro ruzere—akanga achishaikwa zvikurukuru. Aizova chii kana kuti ani?
Makore ane 250 pashure pokuwa kweJerusarema, mumwe murume akaberekwa uyo, kunyange akanga ane upenyu hupfupi, aizozviitira iye amene zita norudzi rwake. Iye aizosvika muBhabhironi uyewo muEgipita, umo iye aizova anorumbidzwa somununuri mukuru. The New Encyclopædia Britannica, kupfurikidza nouchenjeri hwechinoitika chakapfuura, raizoreva nezvake makore ana mazana 23 gare gare, kuti: “Hakusi nhema kutaura kuti Umambo hweRoma, [uye] kupararira kwechiKristu sorudzidziso rwenyika . . . zvose zvakanga zviri mumwero wakati kuti zvibereko zvebasa” rake.
Ko uyu mubati ushe akatanhamara wenyika aizobvumikisa kuva anoshaikwa here? Rutivi rwedu runotevera runoti “Vamwari Vengano Vasina Rumbidzo,” ruchapindura.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 22]
“Ruparadziko runovambira mumisha yavanhu varwo.”—Ashanti chirevo (cheGhana)
[Bhokisi riri papeji 23]
Rudzidziso muKanani—Rwakanga Rwuri Rwechokwadi Here Kana Kuti Rwenhema?
“Kufukunyura muParestina kwakawadzanyura mifananidzo mizhinjisa yaA[starte] iri muzvimiro zvose; . . . mizhinjisa yavo miduku, mifananidzo isina kushambidzika, chiratidzo chokuti uyu mwari aishandiswa zvikurukuru mukunamatwa kwomumisha, zvimwe aipfekwa navakadzi pamuviri yavo kana kuti kuiswa panzvimbo yakati yomumba. . . . Marudzidziso anomutsa ruchiva aA[starte] naaBhaari aiyevedza kuvanhu vose. Chokwadika, kuvadziko yakakomba yaibvira; kushatswa kwevatano muuku kukudzwa kwamwari, uye mitambo inomutsa zemo zvakava rutivi rwokunamatwa uye gare gare zvakapinzwa mumisha.”—Calwer Bibellexikon (Calwer Bible Lexicon).
“Mitambo yorudzidziso yakava kuchengetwa kwakashata kwechimiro chomunhu chohumhuka. Kunyange vanyori vechiGiriki navaRoma vakakatyamadzwa nezvinhu zvaiitwa navaKanani muzita rorudzidziso.”—The Lion Encyclopedia of the Bible.
“Pamusoro pemiitiro yorudzidziso yavaKanani, kududzwa kwokubairwa kwavana kuchadudzwa bedzi pano, nokuti kufukunyura nomutoo wakananga kwakasimbisa ikoku. MuGeza uyewo muMegidho, nzira inovigwa nayo zvitunha zvavana . . . inoratidzira nomutoo usingapokanidzwi . . . nokuda kwouyu muitiro.”—Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (Ruzivo rweTestamende Yekare).
“Hakuna kutongowanwa kune imwe nyika chiverengero chikurusa chakadai sezvifananidzo zviduku zvavamwari vasina kupfeka voruzvaro, zvimwe zvakashata chaizvoizvo. Hakune imwe nzvimbo kunowana rudzidziso rwenyoka runoratidzika kuva rwakasimba zvikuru kudai. . . . Zvifeve zvitsvene navaprista vari ngomwa vaizivikanwa zvakanyanyisa. Chibairo chavanhu chaizivikanwa zvikuru . . . Kusemburwa kwainzwika navateveri vaMwari YHWH pakunangana nokunamata zvifananidzo kwavaKanani, nomutoo wakakodzera, kunonzwisisika nyore.”—Recent Discoveries in Bible Lands.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]
Mufananidzo wamwari Bhaari, anokunamatwa kwakaparira vaIsraeri kutsauka pakunamata kwechokwadi
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Louvre Museum, Paris