Maimonides—Owo Emi Akafiakde Odụn̄ọde Ido Ukpono Mme Jew
“ỌTỌN̄ỌDE ke Moses osịm Moses, idụhe owo ndomokiet emi eketiede nte Moses.” Ediwak mme Jew ẹyefiọk ndịbe ndịbe ikọ emi nte ikọ uma oro ẹnyenede ẹnọ Moses Ben Maimon, owo Jew edide ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk eke ọyọhọ isua ikie 12, otịm n̄wedibet, ye etịn̄ n̄kpọ ntụk Talmud ye N̄wed Abasi—emi ẹdiọn̄ọde n̄ko nte Maimonides ye nte Rambam.a Mfịn ediwak owo imeheke ye Maimonides, edi mme uwetn̄kpọ esie ẹma ẹtụk ekikere mme Jew, Muslim, ye ufọkabasi ntotụn̄ọ ntotụn̄ọ ke eyo esie. Ke n̄wọrọnda usụn̄, enye ama afiak odụn̄ọrede se ido ukpono mme Jew ọwọrọde. Maimonides ekedi anie, ndien ntak emi ediwak mme Jew ẹdade enye nte “ọyọhọ Moses iba”?
Maimonides Ekedi Anie?
Maimonides akamana ke Córdoba, Spain, ke 1135. Ete esie, Maimon, emi ọkọnọde enye ekese akpa ukpep oro enye ọkọbọde ke ido ukpono, ekedi eyen ukpepn̄kpọ oro ẹketịmde ẹfiọk otode n̄wọrọnda ubon mme andikpep mbon Jew. Ke ini mbon Almohad ẹkekande Córdoba ke 1148, mme Jew ẹkenyene ndimek ndikabade esịt ndụk Islam mîdịghe ndifen̄e. Emi ekedi ntọn̄ọ anyanini isan̄ nyon̄ ọnọ ubon Maimonides. Ke 1160 mmọ ẹma ẹnam idụn̄ ke Fez, Morocco, emi enye ọkọbọde ukpep nte abiaibọk usọbọ. In 1165 ubon esie ekenyene ndifehe n̄ka Palestine.
Nte ededi, idaha oro okodude ke Israel ikenyeneke iwụk. Ekpri ibat mme Jew oro ẹma ẹsobo n̄kpọndịk ẹto mme an̄wana ekọn̄ ido ukpono Christendom ye mbonekọn̄ Muslim ukem ukem. Ke se isụhọrede ikan ọfiọn̄ itiokiet ama ekebe ke “Edisana Isọn̄” oro, Maimonides ye ubon ẹma ẹyom ubọhọ ke Fostat, kpa Akani Obio Cairo, Egypt. Ekedi mi ke ẹkefiọk ndammana ukeme Maimonides ọyọhọ ọyọhọ. Ke 1177 enye ama akabade edi adaibuot ke otu mme Jew ẹmi ẹkedụn̄de do, ndien ke 1185 ẹma ẹmek enye abiaibọk usọbọ ke okụre Saladin ọwọrọetop adausụn̄ mbon Muslim. Maimonides ama omụm itieutom mbiba ẹmi akama tutu ke n̄kpa esie ke 1204. Ẹma ẹtịm ẹdiọn̄ọ usọ esie ke ibọkusọbọ tutu edi se ẹkedọhọde ke ọtọn̄ọde ke nsannsan ebiet nte England, enyene Esịt Ekpe Edidem Richard ama esịn ukeme ndinyene Maimonides nte ọkpọkpọ abiaibọk usọbọ esie.
Nso ke Enye Ekewet?
Maimonides ekedi ewetn̄wed oro enyenede uforo. Ke adan̄aemi efehede ọbọhọ ukọbọ mbon Muslim, ke itie udịbe ye nte oyom ubọhọ ke esenidụt, enye ama otịm ekese ke otu akpa akpan uwetn̄kpọ esie oro, Commentary on the Mishnah.b Sia ẹkewetde ke Arabic, emi anam ekese ekikere ye mme ikọ ke Mishnah an̄wan̄a, ndusụk ini ebede odụk ndinam ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk Maimonides ke ido ukpono Jew an̄wan̄a. Ke ikpehe oro anamde uwetn̄kpọ Sanhedrin an̄wan̄a, Maimonides ama otịbi mme n̄wọrọnda edumbet 13 ẹban̄ade mbuọtidem mme Jew edi. Akananam Ido Ukpono Jew inamke se ẹnịmde ke akpanikọ an̄wan̄a. Idahaemi, mme Edumbet Mbuọtidem 13 Maimonides ẹma ẹkabade ẹdi uwụtn̄kpọ ke nte ẹditịmde ikọ mbuọtidem mme Jew ke adiana ke adiana.—Se ekebe, page 23.
Maimonides okoyom ndidụn̄ọde kpukpru n̄kpọ ke nde ke nde ke usụn̄ esịnede ifiọk, edide n̄kpọ obụkidem m̀mê eke spirit. Enye ikonyịmeke ye nnan nnan mbuọtidem, oyomde edinam an̄wan̄a ke kpukpru n̄kpọ ọkọn̄ọde ke se enye akadade nte mme uyarade oro ẹsịnede ifiọk ye eti ibuot. Ndammana udọn̄ emi ama ada okosịm enye ndiwet akwa n̄wed oro—Mishneh Torah.c
Ke eyo Maimonides mme Jew ikadaha “Torah,” m̀mê “Ibet,” n̄kukụre nte mme ikọ ẹwetde-wet oro Moses ekewetde edi nte adade ọnọ kpukpru mme edinam an̄wan̄a oro mme andikpep mme Jew ẹnọde Ibet emi ke ofụri iduọk isua ikie. Ẹma ẹwet mme ekikere ẹmi ke Talmud ye ke ediwak tọsịn ubiere ye mme uwetn̄kpọ oro mme andikpep mme Jew ẹkewetde ẹban̄a Talmud. Maimonides ama ọfiọk ete ke ikpîkpu udomo ntọt emi ye nte enye odude ntịme ntịme ikekemeke ndinam ukeuke owo Jew anam ubiere oro otụkde uwem esie eke usen ke usen. Ata ekese owo ikodụhe ke idaha ndibiat ofụri eyouwem ke ndikpep kpukpru n̄wed mme andikpep mme Jew, emi ẹkewetde ekese mmọ ke ọkpọsọn̄ usem Aramaic. Ubiere Maimonides ekedi ndiwet ntọt emi, ndinam mme ekikere oro ẹnyenede ufọn an̄wan̄a, onyụn̄ otịm enye ke nde ke nde ọdọn̄ ke eboho n̄wed 14, ẹbaharede mmọ nte ekemde ye ibuot nneme. Enye ekewet ke usọ usọ usem Hebrew oro an̄wan̄ade onyụn̄ ọdọnọde.
Mishneh Torah ekedi orụk ataata n̄kpọ ndausụn̄ tutu ndusụk mme adaiso mme Jew ẹkop ndịk nte ke enye eyedida itie Talmud ofụri ofụri. Edi, idem mbon oro ẹkebiọn̄ọde ẹma ẹfiọk akpakịp ukpep oro odude ke n̄wed oro. N̄wedibet emi ekenen̄ede ẹtịm mi ekedi akakan edinam, afiakde edemede ndutịm Ido Ukpono Jew oro ukeuke owo mîkekemeke aba ndifiọk m̀mê ndidiọn̄ọ.
Ekem, Maimonides ama ọtọn̄ọ ndiwet akpan n̄wed en̄wen—The Guide for the Perplexed. Ye edikabade mme n̄wed usem Greek nsịn ke usem Arabic, ediwak mme Jew ẹma ẹkabade ẹmehe ye Aristotle ye mme ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk eken. Ndusụk mmọ ẹma ẹkop n̄kpaidem, ẹkụtde nte edide ọkpọsọn̄ n̄kpọ ndinam se mme ata ikọ Bible ẹwọrọde ẹsan̄a ẹkekem ye ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk. Ke The Guide for the Perplexed, Maimonides, emi okotịmde ama Aristotle, ama oyom ndinam akpan ufọn Bible ye Ido Ukpono Jew an̄wan̄a ke usụn̄ emi asan̄ade ekekem ke ekikere ye ifiọk ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk.—Men 1 Corinth 2:1-5, 11-16 domo.
Adianade ye mme akpan n̄wed ẹmi ye mme uwetn̄kpọ ido ukpono eken, Maimonides ama ewet mme n̄kpọ ke usụn̄ enyenede odudu ke ikpehe ibọkusọbọ ye ukpepn̄kpọ aban̄ade ikpaenyọn̄. Owo inyeneke ndifụmi ntatara ikpehe uwetn̄kpọ esie en̄wen. Encyclopaedia Judaica ọdọhọ ete: “Mme leta oro Maimonides ekewetde ama onịm ikpehe ini uwet leta idiọn̄ọ. Enye edi akpa owo Jew emi ekewetde leta emi ẹketịmde uwetn̄kpọ esie ẹnịm. . . . Mme leta esie ẹma ẹtụk ekikere ye esịt mbon oro enye ekewetde ọnọ, ndien enye ama esikpụhọrede ido uwetn̄kpọ esie man ekem ye mmọ.”
Nso ke Enye Ekekpep?
Ke Mme Edumbet Mbuọtidem 13 esie, Maimonides ama ọnọ in̄wan̄în̄wan̄ mbụk aban̄a se ẹnịmde ke akpanikọ, ndusụk mmọ ẹkọn̄ọde ke N̄wed Abasi. Nte ededi, mme edumbet ọyọhọ itiaba ye usụkkiet ẹtuaha ye ufọn edinyene mbuọtidem ke Jesus nte Messiah emi enyenede isọn̄ ke N̄wed Abasi.d Ke ndikere mban̄a mme ukpepn̄kpọ mbon nsọn̄ibuot eke Christendom, utọ nte Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet, ye in̄wan̄în̄wan̄ mbubịk emi ẹkụtde ẹto uduọkiyịp ke Ekọn̄ Ido Ukpono, idịghe n̄kpọ n̄kpaidem nte ke Maimonides ikodụkke ika n̄kpọ aban̄ade itie Messiah Jesus.—Matthew 7:21-23; 2 Peter 2:1, 2.
Maimonides ewet ete: “Nte n̄kpọ iduọ ekeme ndidu oro okponde akan [Ido Ukpono Christ]? Kpukpru mme prọfet ẹketịn̄ ẹban̄a Messiah nte andifak Israel ye andinyan̄a esie . . . [Ke edide isio ye oro, Ido Ukpono Christ] ama anam ẹwot mme Jew ke ofụt, anam nsụhọ mmọ ẹsuana ẹnyụn̄ edi se ẹkande ubọk, anam ẹkpụhọde Torah, onyụn̄ anam n̄wakn̄kan mme owo ke ererimbot ẹdue ẹnyụn̄ ẹnam n̄kpọ abasi en̄wen utu ke Ọbọn̄.”—Mishneh Torah, “Mme Ibet Ndidem ye Mme Ekọn̄ Mmọ,” ibuot 11.
Edi, ye kpukpru ukpono oro ẹkenọde enye, ediwak mme Jew ẹmek ndifụmi Maimonides ke ndusụk n̄kpọ emi aban̄ade se enye eketịn̄de ata in̄wan̄în̄wan̄. Ye n̄kaiso odudu oro okodude ke ndịbe ndịbe Ido Ukpono mme Jew (Kabbalah), edisiak ntantaọfiọn̄ ama akabade ọwọrọ etop akan ke otu mme Jew. Maimonides ekewet ete: “Owo ekededi oro abuanade ke edisiak ntantaọfiọn̄ onyụn̄ otịm utom m̀mê isan̄ esie etiene ini oro mme ekpepn̄kpọ mban̄a ikpaenyọn̄ ẹnịmde odot se ẹmiade . . . Kpukpru mme n̄kpọ ẹmi ẹdi nsu ye abian̄a . . . Owo ekededi oro onịmde mme n̄kpọ ẹmi ke akpanikọ . . . edi ndisịme inyụn̄ inyeneke ifiọk.”—Mishneh Torah, “Ibet Ukpono Ndem,” ibuot 11; men Leviticus 19:26; Deuteronomy 18:9-13 domo.
Maimonides n̄ko ama etịn̄ n̄kpọ abiat edinam en̄wen in̄wan̄în̄wan̄: “[Mme andikpep mme Jew] ẹma ẹbiere okụk oro owo kiet kiet ye mbon obio ẹdikpede mmọ ẹnyụn̄ ẹnam mme owo ẹkere n̄kpọ, ke ata ndisịme ndisịme usụn̄, nte ke edi mbiomo ye se idotde . . . Kpukpru emi akwan̄a. Ikọ ndomokiet idụhe, edide ke Torah m̀mê ke mme ikọ mme ọfiọkn̄kpọ owo [Talmud], emi ọsọn̄ọde oro.” (Commentary on the Mishnah, Avot 4:5) Ke edide isio ye mme andikpep mme Jew ẹmi, Maimonides ama anam utom ọkpọsọn̄ ndin̄wam idemesie nte abiaibọk usọbọ, akananam ibọhọ okụk ke mme utom ido ukpono.—Men 2 Corinth 2:17; 1 Thessalonica 2:9 domo.
Didie ke Okotụk Ido Ukpono Mme Jew ye Mme Edinịm ke Akpanikọ Eken?
Prọfesọ Yeshaiahu Leibowitz ke Hebrew University, Jerusalem, ọkọdọhọ ete: “Maimonides edi owo emi okopde odudu akan ke mbụk Ido Ukpono Mme Jew, ọtọn̄ọde ke eyo mme Ete-ekpụk ye mme Prọfet tutu osịm emi.” Encyclopaedia Judaica ọdọhọ ete: “Owo ikemeke ndibat odudu oro Maimonides enyenede ke n̄kọri Ido Ukpono Mme Jew ini iso. . . . C. Tchernowitz . . . aka anyan osịm idem ndidọhọ nte ke mîkpedịghe Maimonides Ido Ukpono mme Jew akpakabahade edi nsio nsio n̄ka ye edinịm ke akpanikọ . . . Ekedi akwa n̄kpọ ke enye akanam ke nditan̄ nsio nsio ekikere oro ndọn̄ ọtọkiet.”
Ebede ke ndifiak ntịm ekikere mme Jew man ẹsan̄a ẹkekem ke ndutịm ye ifiọk ekikere idemesie, Maimonides ama afiak odụn̄ọrede Ido Ukpono Mme Jew. Nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ ye mme owo ukem ukem ẹma ẹkụt obufa ndụn̄ọde emi nte ọfọnde onyụn̄ omụmde udọn̄. Idem mme andibiọn̄ọ enye nte ini akade ẹma ẹnyịme ekese edinam Maimonides. Okposụkedi uduak uwetn̄kpọ esie ekedide ndinam mme Jew ẹbọhọ edibet edem ke mme uwetn̄kpọ oro mînyeneke utịt, ikebịghike ẹma ẹwet ekese n̄kpọ ẹban̄a mme n̄wed esie.
Encyclopaedia Judaica ọdọhọ ete: “Maimonides ekedi . . . ata akpan ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk owo Jew eke Ntọn̄ọ Ntọn̄ọ Ini Ntatenyịn, ndien The Guide of the Perplexed esie edi ata akpan n̄wed akwaifiọk oro owo Jew osiode.” Okposụkedi ẹwetde ke Arabic, ẹma ẹkabade The Guide for the Perplexed ẹsịn ke Hebrew ke eyouwem Maimonides ekem ke Latin ibio ini ke oro ebede, anamde enye odu se ẹkpepde ke ofụri Europe. Nte utịp, n̄wọrọnda edibuak ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk Aristotle ye ekikere Jew Maimonides ama ọsọsọp akabade edi ido ukere n̄kpọ Christendom. Nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ Christendom eke ini oro, utọ nte Albertus Magnus ye Thomas Aquinas, ẹma ẹsiwak nditịn̄ ntụk mme ekikere Maimonides. Ama enyene odudu n̄ko ke idem nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ Islam. Ekikere akwaifiọk oro Maimonides eketienede ama otụk mme ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk mme Jew eke ukperedem, utọ nte Baruch Spinoza, ndisịbe ebuana ofụri ofụri n̄kpọn̄ Ido Ukpono Mme Jew eke eset.
Ẹkeme ndida Maimonides nte owo ikike emi okodude uwem mbemiso eyo emi ẹkefiakde ẹdemerede utomusọ. Enye ndikọsọn̄ọ nyịre nte yak mbuọtidem asan̄a ye ntak osụk ededi akpan edumbet. Edumbet emi akada enye osịm edisọn̄ọ ntịn̄ nsua nnọ nsunsu ekikere ido ukpono. Edi, idiọk uwụtn̄kpọ Christendom ye odudu oro ekikere akwaifiọk Aristotle ekenyenede ama esiwak ndikpan enye ndisịm mme ubiere oro ẹdude ke n̄kemuyo ye akpanikọ Bible ọyọhọ ọyọhọ. Okposụkedi mîdidịghe kpukpru owo ẹdinyịme ye mme ikọ oro ẹkewetde ke udi Maimonides—“Ọtọn̄ọde ke Moses osịm Moses, idụhe owo ndomokiet emi eketiede nte Moses”—ẹnyene ndinyịme nte ke enye ama afiak odụn̄ọde usụn̄ ye uduot Ido Ukpono Mme Jew.
[Mme Ikọ idakisọn̄]
a “Rambam” edi ibio ibio enyịn̄ Hebrew, kpa enyịn̄ oro enyenede ẹto mme akpa ntọn̄ọ abisi ke mme ikọ oro “Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon.”
b Mishnah edi eboho n̄wed ọdọn̄ọde se mme andikpep ẹtịn̄de, ọkọn̄ọde ke se mme Jew ẹdade nte ibet oro ẹtịn̄de-tịn̄. Ẹkewet enye ke ukperedem ọyọhọ isua ikie iba ye ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ ọyọhọ isua ikie ita E.N., edide ntọn̄ọ Talmud. Kaban̄a ntọt efen efen, se ekpri n̄wed oro Will There Ever Be a World Without War? page 10, emi Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., emịn̄de.
c Enyịn̄ oro Mishneh Torah edi ikọ Hebrew oro ẹdade ẹto Deuteronomy 17:18, oro edi, edision̄o, m̀mê edifiak n̄wet, Ibet.
d Kaban̄a ntọt efen efen ke uyarade aban̄ade Jesus nte Messiah oro ẹken̄wọn̄ọde, se ekpri n̄wed oro Will There Ever Be a World Without War? page 24-30, emi Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., emịn̄de.
[Ekebe ke page 23]
MME EDUMBET MBUỌTIDEM 13 EKE MAIMONIDESe
1. Abasi edi Andibot ye Andikara kpukpru n̄kpọ. Enye ikpọn̄ akanam, ananam, edinyụn̄ anam kpukpru n̄kpọ.
2. Abasi edi kiet. Edidianakiet ndomokiet idụhe ke usụn̄ ekededi oro ebietde eke Esie.
3. Abasi inyeneke idem. Mme n̄kpọ ẹkụtde ke enyịn inyeneke n̄kpọ ndinam ye Enye.
4. Abasi edi akpa ye akpatre.
5. Odot ndibọn̄ akam nnọ Abasi ikpọn̄îkpọn̄. Owo ekeme nditre ndibọn̄ akam nnọ owo ekededi m̀mê n̄kpọ en̄wen ekededi.
6. Kpukpru ikọ mme prọfet ẹdi akpanikọ.
7. Prọfesi Moses edi ofụri akpanikọ. Enye ekedi etubom ke otu kpukpru mme prọfet, mbemiso enye okodude ye ke enye ama okodu.
8. Ofụri Torah oro nnyịn inyenede idahaemi edi se ẹkeyakde ẹnọ Moses.
9.Owo idikpụhọkede Torah, ndien tutu amama en̄wen idụhe emi Abasi edinọde.
10. Abasi ọfiọk kpukpru edinam ye ekikere owo.
11. Abasi esinọ mbon oro ẹnịmde ibet Esie utịp, onyụn̄ ọnọ mbon oro ẹduede Enye ufen.
12. Messiah eyedi.
13. Ẹyenam mme akpan̄kpa ẹfiak ẹdidu uwem.
[Ikọ idakisọn̄]
e Maimonides ama odụn̄ọrede mme edumbet ẹmi ke Commentary on the Mishnah esie, (Sanhedrin 10:1). Ekem Ido Ukpono Mme Jew ama ada mmọ nte edinịm ke akpanikọ oro ọbọde unyịme. Mme ikọ n̄wed eke enyọn̄ emi ẹdi se ẹsiode ẹwet ibio ibio etiene nte mmọ ẹdude ke n̄wed akam mme Jew.
[Ebiet ẹdade ndise ẹto ke page 21]
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