Ukusindisa ICodex Sinaiticus

ICODEX SINAITICUS iye yachazwa ngokuthi “incwadi ebalulekile, ethakazelisayo, neyigugu kunazo zonke ezikhona.” Lokhu akungenxa nje yokuthi isineminyaka okungenani eyi-1 600 ikhona kodwa kungenxa yokuthi inokuxhumana okuhle nohlu lwethu lwemibhalo yesandla yeBhayibheIi. Ukutholwa kwayo kabusha, nguTischendorf eminyakeni nje engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, kuyindaba ejabulisayo.

UKonstantin von Tischendorf wazalelwa eSaxony, enyakatho Yurophu, ngonyaka ka-1815 futhi wafunda isiGreki eYunivesithi yaseLeipzig. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, waphazanyiswa ukuhlaziywa kobuciko kweBhayibheli, okwakwenziwa abefundisi abadumile abangamajalimane ababezama ukubonisa ukuthi imiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki yayingathembekile. Nokho, uTischendorf waqiniseka ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwemibhalo yesandla yakuqala kwakuyobonisa ubuqiniso baleyongxenye yeBhayibheli. Ngenxa yalokho, wazimisela ukuzicubungulela ngokwakhe yonke imibhalo yesandla eyaziwayo, enethemba lokuthola eminye phakathi nohambo lwakhe.

Ngemva kokuchitha iminyaka emine ehlola emitatsheni engcono kakhulu yaseYurophu, uTischendorf, ngoMay 1844, wafika eSigodlweni Sezindela saseSt. Catherine, eSinayi eyayiphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1 400 ukusuka oLwandle Olubomvu. Esiphephelweni sezindela esinjengenqaba kwakungenwa ngobhasikidi olengiswe entanjeni ngembotshana esodongeni.

OKUTHOLIWE OKUZUZISAYO

Wavunyelwa izinsuku ezithile ukuba ahlole emitatsheni yazo emithathu, kodwa akazange aphumelele. Khona-ke, ngaphambi nje kokuba ahambe, wabona lokho ayekade ekufuna—imibhalo yasendulo elotshwe ezikhumbeni! Yayigcwele ubhasikidi omkhulu osehholo lomtapo omkhulu. Umphathi womtapo wamtshela ukuthi yayizoshiswa, njengoba nje kakade kwase kushiswe obhasikidi ababili abagcwele. Phakathi kwalemibhalo elotshwe ezikhumbeni, uTischendorf wamangazwa ukuthola amakhasi ayi-129 avela emibhalweni yesandla emidala kunayo yonke ayeke wayibona, ukuhunyushwa kwezingxenye zemiBhalo yesiHeberu ngesiGreki. Wanikezwa amakhasi angama-43, kodwa wanqatshelwa ukuthola amanye.

UTischendorf waphinde wavakashela isigodlo sezindela ngo-1853 kodwa wathola nje isicucu sikaGenesise kulowombhalo wesandla ofanayo wekhulu lesine leminyaka. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi lowombhalo wesandla ekuqaleni wawuliqukethe lonke iTestamente Elidala, kodwa ukuthi ingxenye enkudlwana yayisikade yashiswa.” Umbhalo wesandla ophelele ngokunokwenzeka wawunamakhasi angama-730. Wabhalwa ngezinhlamvu zeuncial (ofeleba) yesiGreki ezikhumbeni zezilwane ezisencane, nasezikhumbeni ezinhle zezimvu nezimbuzi.

Eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva uTischendorf wavakashela izindela okwesithathu eSinayi. Ngosuku olwandulela elokuhamba kwakhe, akaboniswanga njengenhlalayenza amakhasi ayewasindise emlilweni iminyaka eyi-15 edlule kuphela kodwa futhi namanye amaningi. Ayequkethe yonke imiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki kanye nengxenye yenguqulo yesiGreki yemiBhalo YesiHeberu.

UTischendorf wavunyelwa ukuba aye nalowombhalo wesandla ogciniwe eCairo, eGibithe, ukuba awukopishe, futhi ekugcineni awuyise kumbusi waseRashiya njengesipho esivela ezindeleni. Namuhla ubekwe eMnyuziyamu waseBrithani, ukuba ubukwe eduze neCodex Alexandrinus. Amakhasi angama-43 angaphambili aseMtatsheni weYunivesithi waseLeipzig, eRepublic yasejalimane Ebusa Ngentando Yeningi.

Kufanele simazise uTischendorf ngokunikela ngokuphila kwakhe nangamakhono ekufuneni imibhalo yesandla yeBhayibheli yasendulo futhi ikakhulukazi ngokusindisa iCodex Sinaiticus enkulu emlilweni. Kodwa ukubonga kwethu okukhulu kakhulu kuya kujehova uNkulunkulu, oye waqikelela ukuthi iZwi lakhe lilondolozwe kahle kangaka ngokwenzuzo yethu namuhla.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 30]

Ukusebenzisa I“Codex”

Uphawu olumelela iCodex Sinaiticus luwuhlamvu lwesiHeberu u-א. Le“codex” iqinisekisa ukunemba kwemibhalo yesandla yeBhayibheli ye“papyrus” yamuva kakhulu. lyasiza futhi olwazini lwanamuhla lweBhayibheli ngokuyeza amaphutha obuqili angena ngokunyenya emakhophini amuva.

Ngokwesibonelo, uJohane 1:18 ufundeka kanje: “Akakho oké wabona uNkulunkulu, iNdodana ezelwe yodwa esesifubeni sikaYise yiyona embonakalisile.” Umbhalo waphansi we“New World Translation Reference Bible” wembula ukuthi amazwi athi “unkulunkulu ozelwe yedwa,” ayasekelwa iCodex Sinaiticus neminye imibhalo yesandla yakudala kunokuhumusha ngokuthi “iNdodana ezelwe yodwa” okunjengokuseBhayibhelini lesiZuiu. Isikhombo sombhalo waphansi u-א^c naso sinikeza ukuphawula komlungisi wale“codex” kokuba aqinise ukubuyiselwa komunci ocacile (the) emazwini athi “unkulunkulu ozelwe yedwa.” Isikhundla sikajesu Kristu singesihlukile, njengoba lombhalo uqinisekisa.

[Izithombe ekhasini 31]

ISigodlo Sezindela esiseSt. Catherine phansi kweNtaba yaseSinayi. [Umfanekiso ophakathi] Umtapo wayo wanamuhla

[Umthombo]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Umthombo]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 31]

Courtesy of the British Museum, London