Abantwana Abasebenzisa I-Internet—Lokho Abazali Okufanele Bakwazi

ESIKHATHINI esithile, kwakubonakala sengathi ukuvikeleka kuyi-Internet kwakuxhomeke ekutheni i-computer ibekwe kuphi. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uma ubeka i-computer endaweni esobala, abantwana bakho cishe babengeke bangene ezingosini eziyingozi. Nakuba lowo mbono useyiqiniso, lokho akusona isivikelo esiphelele—ngoba ingqondo ehluzekile ikutshela ukuthi akulondekile ukuba abantwana bakho basebenzise i-Internet bebodwa emakamelweni abo. Kulezi zinsuku imishini esebenza ngaphandle kwezintambo inikeza abasha ithuba lokusebenzisa i-Internet kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakuphi. Ngisho nomakhalekhukhwini abaningi banayo i-Internet. Kukhona nezikhungo ze-Internet, imitapo yezincwadi kanye namakhaya abangane, lapho umntwana angase ayithole khona. Njengoba kunezindlela eziningi kangaka zokungena kuyi-Internet, kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani intsha ingabaphamba abazali bayo abangajwayelene ne-Internet ngezinto ezenza kuyo.

Cabangela ezinye izinto ezikuyi-Internet ezikhanga intsha eningi kanye nezingozi ezingase zizibangele.

AMA-E-MAIL

Ayini? Imiyalezo ebhaliwe ethunyelwa ngama-computer.

Yini ewenza akhange? I-E-mail iyindlela esheshayo neshibhile yokuxhumana nabangane nomkhaya.

Lokho okufanele ukwazi. Ama-E-mail avela kubantu ongabazi, ngokuvamile okuthiwa i-spam, awasona nje isicefe. Ngokuvamile aqukethe imiyalezo engasile noma izithombe eziveza ukungcola ingcaca. Kule miyalezo kunezindawo umuntu angachofoza kuzo—ngisho nengane enganakile—athumele imininingwane yakhe siqu, okungaholela ekwebiweni kwayo. Ukuphendula ama-E-mail anjalo—ngisho nangesicelo esingagwegwesi sokuba ungabe usathunyelelwa imiyalezo enjalo—kungaqinisekisa ukuthi unalo ikheli le-E-mail olisebenzisayo, okungase kuholele ekubeni uthunyelelwe eminye imiyalezo evela kubantu ongabazi.

IZINGOSI ZE-INTERNET

Ziyini? Ziyinhlanganisela yamakhasi akuyi-computer enziwe futhi anakekelwa yizinhlangano ezithile, izikhungo zemfundo, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye.

Yini ezenza zikhange? Kunezigidi zezingosi, ezinika intsha amathuba amaningi okuthenga, okucwaninga, okuxhumana nabangane, okudlala noma okuthola imidlalo ethile nomculo.

Lokho okufanele ukwazi. I-Internet iye yasetshenziswa kabi abantu abahlukahlukene abangenasimilo. Izingosi eziningi ziveza ubulili ingcaca, futhi kulula ngomuntu ongaqaphile ukungena kuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States intsha engamaphesenti angu-90 okwaxoxwa nayo eneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-8 nengu-16 yathi yayizithole isengosini yezithombe ezingcolile kuyi-Internet ingaqondile—ngokuvamile lapho yenza umsebenzi wesikole!

I-Internet inanezingosi ezivuleka kalula ezikhuthaza intsha ukuba igembule. ECanada, cishe umfana oyedwa kwabane okwaxoxwa nabo abasebangeni lesi-8 nelesi-9 wavuma ukuthi uyazivakashela izingosi ezinjalo, futhi ochwepheshe bakhathazeke kufanele ngenxa yokuthi ukugembula kuyi-Internet kuyalutha kakhulu. Kube sekuba khona nalokho okuthiwa izingosi ze-pro-ana eziqhakambisa “ukuphila kokuzincisha ukudla.”a Kunezingosi ezikhuthaza inzondo ezihlasela amaqembu amancane enkolo nezinhlanga ezithile. Ezinye izingosi zifundisa ukwenza amabhomu, izinto ezinobuthi nemisebenzi yobuphekula. Izithombe zobudlova obunyantisa umzimba zigcwele emidlalweni yama-computer.

IZINGOSI ZENGEVU

Ziyini? Ziyizindawo ze-Internet okuxoxwa kuzo ngokuthumelelana imiyalezo bukhoma, ngokuvamile kudingidwa isihloko esithile.

Yini ezenza zikhange? Umntanakho angaxoxa nabantu abaningi angakaze ahlangane nabo kodwa abathanda izinto naye azithandayo.

Lokho okufanele ukwazi. Abanukubezi bavame ukuvakashela izingosi zengevu ngethemba lokunxenxela umntwana ekwenzeni izenzo zobulili kuyi-Internet noma ngisho nangokoqobo. Cabangela okwenzeka lapho omunye wabalobi bencwadi ethi What in the World Are Your Kids Doing Online? enza ucwaningo kuyi-Internet. Njengengxenye yocwaningo, wazenza ingane eneminyaka engu-12. Le ncwadi iyabika: “Ngokuphazima kweso, wamenywa othile ukuba baye engosini yengevu yangasese. Lona wesifazane wazenza ongazi ukuthi kungenwa kanjani kule ngosi, futhi lo mngane wakhe omusha wamchushisa isinyathelo ngasinye. Wabe esembuza ukuthi uyafuna yini ukuba bahlanganyele ubulili [kuyi-Internet].”

IMIYALEZO ETHUNYELWA BUKHOMA

Iyini? Iyizingxoxo zokuthumelelana imiyalezo bukhoma phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu.

Yini eyenza ikhange? Ngemiyalezo ethunyelwa bukhoma, umuntu angakhetha ukuthi uzoxoxa namuphi kubangane bakhe ohlwini azakhele lona. Akumangalisi ukuthi ucwaningo oluthile lwaseCanada lubika ukuthi izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-84 ezineminyaka engu-16 nengu-17 ubudala zithumelela abangane bazo imiyalezo bukhoma futhi lokhu zikwenza isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora usuku ngalunye.

Lokho okufanele ukwazi. Ukuxoxa ngokuthumelelana imiyalezo bukhoma kungaphazamisa umntanakho uma bekufanele atadishe noma enze okuthile okudinga ukuba agxilise ingqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi indodana noma indodakazi yakho ixoxa nobani? Phela, awuyizwa leyo ngxoxo.

AMA-BLOG

Ayini? Ayizincwadi zezenzakalo zosuku ezibhalwa kuyi-Internet.

Yini ewenza akhange? Lezi zingosi zinika intsha ithuba lokubhala ngalokho ekucabangayo, ekuthandayo nezinto ezenzayo. Eziningi zinesikhala lapho abafundi bengaveza khona uvo lwabo, futhi izingane eziningi zijabula zife lapho zazi ukuthi othile uphawulile ngalokho ezikubhalile.

Lokho okufanele ukwazi. Ingosi yokubhala ingasetshenziswa yinoma ubani. Enye intsha ngokunganaki yembula imininingwane yayo engasetshenziselwa ukuthola umkhaya wakubo, isikole noma ikheli lasekhaya. Nanti elinye iqiniso: Lezi zingosi zingalimaza idumela lomuntu, kuhlanganise nelomnikazi waleyo ngosi. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abaqashi bahlola ingosi yomuntu ofake isicelo somsebenzi lapho becabangela ukuthi bangamqasha yini.

IZINHLELO ZOKUXHUMANA ZOMPHAKATHI

Ziyini? Ziyizingosi ezivumela intsha ukuba izakhele ikhasi le-Internet futhi ifake izithombe, ama-video nokwaziswa okuphathelene nayo.

Yini ezenza zikhange? Ukwakha nokunezela izinto ezithile ekhasini le-Internet kwenza osemusha akwazi ukuveza ubuyena. Izinhlelo zokuxhumana zomphakathi zivumela intsha ukuba ihlangane “nabangane” abaningi abasha.

Lokho okufanele ukwazi. Intombazane okuthiwa uJoanna ithi: “Ingosi yezinhlelo zokuxhumana zomphakathi injengomcimbi okuyi-Internet. Kungafika abantu abasabekayo.” Imininingwane yomuntu siqu efakwa kulezi zingosi ingase isetshenziswe yintsha nabantu abadala abangenasimilo. Ngakho, uchwepheshe wezokuphepha kuyi-Internet uParry Aftab ubiza lezi zingosi ngokuthi “izingosi zokuzitapela zabanukubezi bezingane.”

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubungane obakhiwa kuyi-Internet buvame ukuba nobuzenzisi. Ezingosini ze-Internet, intsha ethile ithola abantu engaxhumana nabo engakaze ihlangane nabo ubuso nobuso, ukuze nje ibonakale idumile kwabanye abavakashela leyo ngosi. Encwadini yakhe ethi Generation MySpace, uCandice Kelsey ubhala ukuthi empeleni kuphathelene “nokunquma ukubaluleka komuntu kwezenhlalo ngokumane nje ubheke ukuthi bangaki abantu abamthandayo.” Uyanezela: “Le ndlela yokunquma ukubaluleka komuntu ngokuthandwa kwakhe yenza abantwana bethu balulazeke futhi ibacindezela ukuba baziveze nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuze bathole abangane abengeziwe.” Ngakho, incwadi ethi What in the World Are Your Kids Doing Online? ibuza umbuzo onengqondo: “Ubacacisela kanjani abantwana ukuthi kudingeka babe nozwela nesihe uma ama-computer ebavumela ukuba bahlangane nabantu futhi babalahle ngokuphazima kweso?”

Lezi zibonelo eziyisithupha zingezinye nje zezinto ezikuyi-Internet ezikhanga intsha eningi namuhla. Uma ungumzali, yini ongayenza ukuze uvikele abantwana bakho ezingozini ze-Internet?

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 4]

ENdiya ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-Internet—okungamaphesenti angu-54 ngonyaka nje owodwa—kuthiwa kubangelwa yintsha ngokuyinhloko

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 7]

“Umzali angase abheke ikhamera ye-Internet njengendlela elula neshibhile yokuba umntwana axhumane nabangane noma izihlobo, kodwa umnukubezi ubona ithuba lokubona lokho umntwana akwenzayo ekamelweni lakhe.”—URobert S. Mueller III, umqondisi we-Federal Bureau of Investigation