Imfihlakalo Yamatshe Ayizimbulunga AseCosta Rica
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ECOSTA RICA
EMAKHULWINI angu-16 eminyaka adlule, izakhamuzi zaseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCosta Rica zazenza izinhlobonhlobo zamatshe ayizimbulunga aqinile, amanye awo mancane, angaba amasentimitha ayishumi ububanzi kanti amanye angafinyelela kumamitha angu-2,4. Enziwe ngobunyoninco kangangokuthi umuntu uyazibuza, ‘Enziwa kanjani? Awokwenzani?’
Amadwala ayizimbulunga aye atholakala nakwamanye amazwe amaningi kuhlanganise neChile, iMexico ne-United States. Kodwa ama-granite ayizimbulunga aseCosta Rica ayingqayizivele ngempela. Asezingeni eliphezulu, amanye ayizindilinga ngokugcwele futhi ayashelela. Avame ukutholakala ngezinqwaba zama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi amaningi awo atholakala ehlelwe ngendlela yobuciko bezibalo, njengonxantathu, izikwele kanye nemigqa eqondile. Lezi zinqwaba zivame ukubheka ngasenyakatho yomhlaba enozibuthe.
Kuye kwatholakala izimbulunga eziningi eSizalweni soMfula iDiquis. Ezinye ziye zatholakala eduze namadolobha angaseningizimu ePalmar Sur, eBuenos Aires naseGolfito kanye nasesifundazweni saseGuanacaste ukuya ngasenyakatho nasesigodini esiphakathi. Izici eziningi ezitholakala kulezi zimbulunga ziye zanikeza isihluthulelo esiwusizo sokukwazi ukusho ukuthi zenziwa nini. Izazi zemivubukulo zilinganisela ukuthi amanye ala madwala ayimfihlakalo ahlehlela emuva ku-400 C.E. Unyaka oseduze kunayo yonke kwabonakala sengathi uphakathi kuka-800 no-1200 C.E. Amanye aye atholakala eduze kwalokho okubonakala sengathi kwakuyizindawo zokuhlala kanti amanye atholakala ngasemathuneni. Phakathi neminyaka, ezinye izimbulunga ziye zaphihlizwa abantu ababecabanga ukuthi bazothola ingcebo ifihlwe phakathi kuzo. Noma kunjalo, iNational Museum of Costa Rica inebhuku elinamatshe ayizimbulunga angu-130 akhona. Kodwa kukhona amanye amaningi angekho ebhukwini. Kuye kwaba nzima ukubala lezi zimbulunga zakudala ngoba eziningi ziye zasuswa ezindaweni zazo zasekuqaleni, kwahlotshiswa ngazo ezindaweni ezithile, njengasezingadini nasemasontweni. Ngokungangabazeki, ziningi ezingakatholakali—ezinye zigqitshwe inhlabathi kanti ezinye zisemahlathini awodukathole.
Zenziwa kanjani? Lokhu kuyimfihlakalo. Kubonakala sengathi kwadingeka imishini ethile ukuze kufinyelelwe lobu bunyoninco obungaka. Uma sibheka izithombe eziningi eziqoshiwe zangaleso sikhathi, siyabona ukuthi abenzi bezimbulunga babengabaqophi abanekhono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziqoshiwe zegolide ezihlehlela emuva eminyakeni yawo-800 C.E. zifakazela ukuthi babenekhono lokusebenza ngezinto ezidinga amazinga aphakeme okushisa. Enye inkolelo-mbono ithi ukulolongwa kwezimbulunga kungenzeka kwakuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga okushisa aphakeme okwakulandelwa inqubo yokupholisa, ukuze kususwe amaqeqeba angaphandle edwala. Kungenzeka ukuthi lo msebenzi wawuphothulwa ngokuhuqa izimbulunga ngenhlabathi noma ukuzihlikihla ngesikhumba.
Omunye usosayensi wachaza ukuthi izimbulunga ezinkulu “zaziyimikhiqizo yezingcweti, futhi [izimbulunga] zazicishe zibe yiziyingi ngempela kangangokuthi izinto zokukala ububanzi besiyingi zahluleka ukwembula ukuthi azizona iziyingi ngokuthe ngqó.” Ubungcweti bazo bubonisa ukuthi laba bantu bomdabu babenekhono ezibalweni, bethuthukile olwazini lokuqopha amatshe futhi bekwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi. Nokho, njengoba ngokusobala laba bantu babengenalo ulimi olubhalwayo, ayikho imibhalo ebonisa ukuthi babezenza kanjani ngempela lezi zimbulunga.
Eziningi zalezi zimbulunga zenziwe ngedwala elinjenge-granite. Inkwali eseduze okwaziwa ukuthi yayine-granite yayiphezulu ezintabeni endaweni eqhele cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-40 kuya kwangu-50 eSizalweni soMfula iDiquis. Laba baqophi bamatshe bawathatha kanjani amatshe asinda kangaka? Uma lezi zimbulunga zaziqoshelwa enkwalini, abaqophi kwakuzodingeka baqaphelisise lapho sebezigingqa. Ungacabanga ukuthi kwakuyinselele kanjani ukuthutha into esinda kangaka amabanga amade kangaka ngaphandle kwemishini yanamuhla? Zisinda kangakanani ngempela lezi zimbulunga? Ezinye zinesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angu16!
Uma i-granite yayimbiwa enkwalini bese iyasuswa lapho ngaphambi kokuba iqoshwe, isigaxa esiyisikwele esingamamitha angu-2,7 esasizodingeka ukuze kwenziwe indilinga engamamitha angu-2,4 sasizoba nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angu-24! Ngokunokwenzeka, ukuze bakhe umgwaqo omkhulu nomuhle ozohamba izinto zokuthutha, laba bantu bomdabu kwakuyodingeka bagawule leli hlathi eliwudukathole baliklaye phakathi. Yeka umshikashika! Ezinye izimbulunga zazenziwa nge-coquina, okuthile okunjenge-limestone, okungatholakala ogwini oluseduze nesizalo soMfula iDiquis. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi itshe lalisuswa cishe endaweni engamakhilomitha angu-50 ukusuka enhla nomfula. Ezinye izimbulunga ziye zatholakala eCaño Island, endaweni engamakhilomitha angu-20 ukusuka ogwini lwasePacific.
Akekho ongasho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi zazenziwelani lezi zimbulunga. Kungenzeka zaziwuphawu lwesikhundla noma lokubaluleka kwenkosi yesizwe noma lwedolobhana. Kungenzeka nokuthi zaziyizimpawu ezingokwenkolo noma zokugubha umkhosi othile. Ngolunye usuku ukuhlola okuyokwenziwa abavubukuli esikhathini esizayo kungase kwembule imfihlakalo yamatshe ayizimbulunga aseCosta Rica.
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Costa Rica
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Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
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Umshini ongemva kwembulunga ubonisa ubungako bayo
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Courtesy of National Museum of Costa Rica
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Izimbulunga emagcekeni eNational Museum of Costa Rica
Imbulunga enkulu kunazo zonke esatholakele kuze kube manje, engamamitha angu-2,6 ububanzi
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Courtesy of National Museum of Costa Rica