Ukwehluleka Ukulwa Nobugebengu
ECASHUNWA kuyi-Liverpool Daily Post yaseNgilandi, owayengumphathi weMetropolitan Police wathi: “Ubugebengu bebungaphela ngokushesha ukube wonke umuntu ubezimisele ukwenza umzamo.” Ngempela, ukube wonke umuntu ubelalela umthetho, ubugebengu bebungaphela.
Nokho, ubugebengu buyanda ezindaweni eziningi. Amazwi ashiwo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule ayasebenza esikhathini sethu: “Umhlaba wawonakele ebusweni bukaJehova; umhlaba wagcwala ubudlwangudlwangu.” (Genesise 6:11)—Bheka ibhokisi ekhasini elilandelayo.
Ubugebengu Buqala Kancane
Ngokwephula umthetho ezintweni ezincane, umuntu angase awephule ezintweni ezinkulu. Ukuze agcizelele leli qiniso kubafundi bakhe, uthisha othile wachaza: “Abaphangi bamabhange baqala ngokweba amapeni omsizi esikoleni.”
Kamuva, yini ngokuvamile eyenzekayo emsebenzini? Abantu bayaphutha emsebenzini ngoba bethi bayagula bese bethola izinzuzo ezingabafanele. Lo mkhuba wokungathembeki uvame kakhulu kunokuba umuntu angase acabange. Ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane, amaphesenti ayisithupha ezisebenzi abika ukuthi ayagula ngoLwesithathu, amaphesenti ayishumi ngoLwesibili namaphesenti angu-16 ngoLwesine, kodwa kuba amaphesenti angu-31 ngoMsombuluko, bese kuba amaphesenti angu-37 ngoLwesihlanu! Ingabe ngempela abantu bavame ukugula ngoMsombuluko nangoLwesihlanu, noma lokhu kuwuhlobo oluthile lokweba?
Obani Abayizigebengu?
Yiqiniso, izenzo zobugebengu ezenziwa abantu abavamile azivamile ukuba nemiphumela efana naleyo yezenzo ezenziwa abantu abanezikhundla. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, elase-United States lashaqiswa ubugebengu bezombangazwe obukhulu kangangokuba igama obabizwa ngalo laze laba yingxenye yolimi lwesiNgisi.
Ngokwe-Barnhart Dictionary of New English, elithi “Watergate” lisho “isenzo esiyihlazo, ikakhulukazi esihilela umzamo wokufihla ukwaziswa okulimazayo noma izenzo ezingekho emthethweni.”a Ibe isinezela: “Indaba yaseWatergate yaba negalelo elikhulu olimini lwawo-1970. Leli gama labangela ukusungulwa kwamagama ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa nesijobelelo esithi -gate, esisetshenziselwa ukuchaza isenzo esiyihlazo noma inkohlakalo.”
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye kwaba nezenzo zenkohlakalo ezinjengesenzakalo saseWatergate eziye zabonisa ukuthi ubugebengu budlangile, ngisho naphakathi kwalabo okufanele babe isibonelo ekugcineni umthetho. EJapane inkohlakalo kwezombangazwe yadlanga kakhulu kangangokuba kwadingeka kushaywe imithetho emisha ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 ukuze inqandwe. Ngo-1992 umongameli waseBrazil wagudluzwa ngenxa yamacala enkohlakalo.
Ingabe akuyona yini into esobala ukuthi ukwephula umthetho kwabantu abasegunyeni, kuhlanganise nabazali, othisha nezikhulu zomthetho, kuyenezela ebugebengwini obenziwa umphakathi?
Izisusa Ezinhle Azanele
Abantu abaningi bangavuma ukuthi ohulumeni bayafuna ukuqeda ubugebengu. Nokho, isikhulu esesathatha umhlalaphansi sathi ngezwe lakubo: “Kuncane kakhulu okuye kwenziwa uhulumeni ukuze isimiso sobulungisa sisebenze ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo. Awekho amajaji anele, ngakho ambalwa esinawo ayakhandleka. Amaphoyisa ambalwa futhi awahlonyisiwe ngokwanele. Ngezinye izikhathi amaphoyisa awaholelwa ngesikhathi, okuwenza angene esilingweni sokwamukela ukufumbathiswa.”
Umagazini wase-Italy i-Civiltà Cattolica ukhala “ngokwehluleka kukaHulumeni ukusingatha ubugebengu obuhleliwe” bese uphawula: “Ukuzimisela kwezinhlangano zezomthetho nezinkantolo ukulwa nobugebengu kuyaziswa, kodwa kusobala ukuthi ubugebengu obuhleliwe abunqandeki; kunalokho, amandla obugebengu ayakhula.”
Ngokusobala izisusa ezinhle zikahulumeni zokulwa nobugebengu azanele. Ngokufanele, u-Anita Gradin, ukhomishane waseYurophu wezindaba zabafuduki nezokwahlulela, wathi: “Sidinga izindlela ezingcono, eziphumelela kakhudlwana zokubambisana ekulweni nokushushumbiswa nokuhweba ngezidakamizwa, ukungeniswa kwabantu okungemthetho kwamanye amazwe, ubugebengu obuhleliwe, ukukhwabanisa nenkohlakalo.”
Zizimisele Kangakanani Izikhulu Zomthetho?
Abanye bayalingabaza izinga iziphathimandla ezizimisele ngalo ngempela ukulwa nobugebengu. Owayengumhloli-jikelele wamaphoyisa kwelinye izwe uphawula ukuthi wonke umuntu, okungenani emehlweni omphakathi, “umelene nenkohlakalo nezenzo zobugebengu zezomnotho.” Nokho, uthi akekho onesifiso esiqotho sokuqeda ubugebengu nenkohlakalo. Abantu abaningi ngokwandayo—kuhlanganise nezikhulu zomthetho—cishe babheka ukufumbathiswa, ukukhwabanisa nokweba njengezindlela ezamukelekayo zokuthuthuka.
Njengoba kwasho isikhulu esithile sezentela, iqiniso lokuthi abaningi “abenza izenzo zobugebengu bathethwa yicala” ngokungangabazeki lingesinye isizathu sokwanda kobugebengu. Ngokwesibonelo, incwadi ethile yesiRussia ikhuluma “ngokuphunyuka kalula kwezigebengu esijezisweni.” Le ncwadi inezela ukuthi lokhu “kubonakala sengathi kushukumisela izakhamuzi ezivamile ukuba zenze izenzo zobugebengu ezinonya kakhulu.” Lokhu kunjengoba kwasho umlobi weBhayibheli eminyakeni engaba ngu-3000 edlule: “Ngenxa yokuba ububi obenziwayo bungahlulelwa masinyane, ngalokho izinhliziyo zamadodana abantu phakathi kwawo zigcwele ukwenza okubi.”—UmShumayeli 8:11.
Aseqisi lapho sithi ohulumeni bayehluleka ukulwa nobugebengu. Iphephandaba laseJalimane i-Rheinischer Merkur lithi: “Ukwesaba komphakathi ngenxa yokwanda kobugebengu obunonya kukhulu futhi akunakuqedwa ngezingxabano ezivamile zezombangazwe noma ngezibalo ezibonisa ukuthi isimiso asisibi ngendlela okubonakala ngayo.”
Esikhundleni sokuthi ubugebengu abububi ngendlela okungase kubonakale ngayo, bubi kakhulu. Nokho, kunesizathu sethemba. Izwe elingenabugebengu lisondela ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ungase uphile ukuze ulibone. Isihloko esilandelayo sizobonisa ukuthi kungani sisho kanjalo.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Okwenzeka eWatergate kwethiwa kanjalo ngoba ukugqekezwa kwesakhiwo esinalelo gama yikona okwadalula le ndaba. Ekugcineni lesi senzo esiyihlazo saholela ekubeni umongameli wase-United States uRichard Nixon ashiye isikhundla nasekuboshweni kwedlanzana labeluleki bakhe abayinhloko.
[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]
Abantu abaningi babheka ubugebengu njengendlela eyamukelekayo yokuthuthuka
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 5]
Umhlaba Ogcwele Ubudlova
EBRAZIL: “Besabela ekwandeni kobudlova okukhulu, abantu abangamakhulu ezinkulungwane basakazeka emigwaqweni [yaseRio de Janeiro], bezwakalisa ukwesaba nentukuthelo ngenxa yobugebengu osebukhungethe idolobha lakubo.”—International Herald Tribune.
ECHINA: “Amaqembu ezigebengu asebuye ngezinkani eChina futhi ubugebengu obukhulu bubonakala bungalawuleki. . . . Ochwepheshe baseChina bathi inani lamaqembu ezigebengu ‘nezinhlangano zomshoshaphansi’ likhula ngokushesha kunendlela amaphoyisa angayisingatha.”—The New York Times.
EGREAT BRITAIN: “Ubudlova sebuqubuka kalula futhi kunamathuba andayo okuthi ohlaselayo uyobusebenzisa lapho eqala nje ukuhlasela.”—The Independent.
E-IRELAND: “Amaqembu obugebengu asegcwele enkabeni yeDublin kanye nasemadolobhaneni akhona ampofu angasentshonalanga. La maqembu ayaqhubeka ehloma ngendlela esabekayo.”—The Economist.
EJALIMANE: “Igebe phakathi kokusebenzisa ubudlova kanye nezimo eziholela umuntu ekwenzeni kanjalo liye lancipha kancane kancane. Ngakho akumangalisi ukuthi ubudlova sebuyinsakavukela.”—Rheinischer Merkur.
EMEXICO: “Ubugebengu buye banda ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane kangangokuthi buyashaqisa.”—The Wall Street Journal.
ENIGERIA: “Umkhaya, amasonto, amathempeli, izikole namaqembu obumbano aye ahluleka ukwenza umsebenzi wawo wokuvimbela intsha ingahileleki ebugebengwini, ngokusho komkhulumeli wamaphoyisa, uMnu. Frank Odita.”—Daily Champion.
ENINGIZIMU AFRIKA: “Ubudlova obungathiyeki nobungalawuleki busisongela cishe sonke kanye nakho konke esikwenzayo—futhi kumelwe kwenziwe okuthile okukhulu.”—The Star.
EPHILIPPINES: “Imikhaya eyisithupha kuleyo naleyo eyishumi ePhilippines ithi izizwa ingalondekile emakhaya noma emigwaqweni.”—Asiaweek.
ERUSSIA: “Amaqembu obugebengu aye ashintsha elinye lamadolobha ayelondeke kakhulu ngaphansi kweSoviet laba isikhungo sobugebengu esiyinhloko. . . . Umphathi wamaphoyisa uGennadi Groshikov uthi: ‘Kule minyaka engu-17 ngiyiphoyisa, angikaze ngibubone ubugebengu obungaka eMoscow, futhi angikaze ngibubone ubudlova obungaka.’”—Time.
ETAIWAN: “ETaiwan . . . amazinga akhulayo okuphanga, ukuhlasela nokubulala aye achaphazela umphakathi . . . Ngempela, amazinga obugebengu ayanda futhi kwezinye izimo adlula amazinga asemazweni aseNtshonalanga.”—The New York Times.
E-UNITED STATES: “I-United States iyizwe elinobudlova kunawo wonke emazweni ezezimboni. . . . Alikho elinye izwe lezezimboni elifinyelela kulelo zinga.”—Time.