Ingabe Isisebenzi Siyifanele Inkokhelo Yaso?

BABHEKE! Babonakala bephila kanzima, ngokuvamile ezindlini ezingamaxhokovane, ezikhathini eziningi banalokho abangaphila ngakho kuphela, ngisho nakuba abaningi kubo bephila futhi bekhulisa imikhaya yabo emazweni acebile. Bayizisebenzi ezingababaleki, bafinyelela ezigidini ezinhlanu e-United States kuphela, bavunela ezinye zezinkampani ezinkulu zakulelizwe izithelo nemifino.

Bheka imizimba yabo enezibazi nebuhlungu njengoba besebenza kanzima elangeni elikhipha umkhovu etsheni. Babheke njengoba bezama ukuqondisa imihlane yabo ngemva kokusebenza amahora amaningi begobile, bevuna imifino ezohlobisa amashalofu nemigqomo yezitolo ezikude nezimakethe ezinkulu. Basebenza kusukela ekuseni lize liyoshona, izinsuku eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa ngesonto. Bheka abantwana, besebenza eduze kwabazali babo futhi ngokuvamile eduze kogogo nomkhulu babo asebegugile. Abasha abaningi bashiya isikole besebancane ngoba abazali babo bathuthela ezindaweni ezinemifino esilungele ukuvunwa, inkathi ngayinye yonyaka. Konke lokhu kungenxa nje yokuziphilisa.

Ingabe uyakukhathaza umsindo ongapheli webhanoyi elindizela phansi njengoba ubuka lezizisebenzi zisebenza kanzima emasimini? Ingabe izibulala-zinambuzane ezinoshevu eziphuma emibhojeni yokuchelela yebhanoyi zibangela ukuba amehlo akho abe buhlungu futhi isikhumba sakho silume futhi sihlasimule? Ingabe uyazesaba izingozi ezihlala isikhathi esifushane nezihlala isikhathi eside? Lezizisebenzi ziyazesaba. Iphunga lemithi yokufutha lihlala lisezingutsheni zazo, emakhaleni azo, nasemaphashini azo. Ziye zabona lamakhemikhali alimazayo elimaza abantwana bazo nabazali bazo asebegugile. Ziye zabona amalungu omkhaya nabasebenza nazo begogeka besebancane ngenxa yalezizibulala-zinambuzane ezinoshevu.

Omunye umntwana, manje ongakevi eshumini nambili, wazalwa eneqolo elibhinyikile, ohlangothini lwangakwesokudla engenalo ithambo lasesifubeni, futhi olunye uhlangothi lobuso bakhe lukhubazekile. Ubaba wakhe ukholelwa ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwakhe kwabangelwa izibulala-zinambuzane ezazifuthwa emasimini amajikijolo ngesikhathi unina ekhulelwe. Kuye kwabikwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kukodwa nje kuthinta izisebenzi ezingu-300 000 ngonyaka futhi izisebenzi ezingababaleki zikhubazeke ngokuphindwe kahlanu uma kuqhathaniswa nezisebenzi zanoma iyiphi enye imboni.

Uma imizwelo yakho ingathinteki ngenxa nje yokuzibona zisebenza kanzima emasimini noma ngokubona izindlu zazo ezingamaxhokovane, khona-ke lalela amazwi azo. “Lomsebenzi ukwenza ukhathale kakhulu,” kububula omunye umama onabantwana abayisikhombisa ngemva kokusebenza kanzima isikhathi eside ensimini. “Cishe ngizovele ngigeze bese ngiyolala. Namuhla ekuseni ngilale seligamenxe ihora lesine futhi angisitholanga isikhathi sokulungisa ukudla kwasemini, ngakho angikakadli. Manje ngikhathele angikwazi ngisho nokudla.” Izandla zakhe zinamabhamuza. Ukudla ngemfologo noma ngesipuni kungazenza zibe buhlungu izandla zakhe.

“Ngezinye izikhathi [abantwana bethu] bayasisiza ngezimpelasonto,” kusho omunye umama, “futhi bayazi ukuthi kunjani ukusebenza emasimini. Abafuni ukwenza lokho kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. . . . Izandla zami zisasikekile ngenxa yokukha amawolintshi ebusika obudlule.” Umyeni wakhe wathi: “Sisebenza kusukela ekuseni lize liyoshona izinsuku eziyisithupha ngesonto. . . . Kodwa mhlawumbe lokhu sizokwenza kukho konke ukuphila kwethu. Yini enye esingayenza?” Bobabili kulombhangqwana bahola imali encane engama-dollar angu-10 000 (R33 000) ngonyaka—iholo labampofu ngokwezindinganiso zaseMelika.

Izisebenzi ziyesaba ukukhononda ngenxa yokwesaba ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi yazo. Esinye sathi: “Uma ukhononda, ngeke baphinde bakuqashe.” Izisebenzi eziningi ezingababaleki zingamadoda nobaba okwadingeka bashiye imikhaya yabo ukuze baye lapho bengathola khona izilimo, njengoba izindlu, ngokuvamile izindlu eziwuklele ezakhiwe ngezitini zamalahle ezihlala izisebenzi ezifinyelela ku-300, zingcole kakhulu futhi ziminyene ukuba kungahlala kuzo amanye amalungu emikhaya yazo. “Bekungajabulisa ukuhlala [nomkhaya] wami unyaka wonke,” kusho omunye ubaba, “kodwa yilokhu okumelwe ngikwenze.” Omunye wathi: “Kakade sesisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Akukho okunye esingakwenza ngaphandle kokuba sithuthukise isimo sethu.” Okubi nakakhulu, eziningi zalezizisebenzi zihola imali encane kakhulu. Kweminye imikhaya esebenzayo, imali engama-dollar angu-10 000 (R33 000) ngonyaka kubukeka kunzima ukuyithola, iholo engenathemba lokulifinyelela. “Abalimi bangaholela amaholo asemaZweni Asathuthuka futhi bamane baxoshe noma yiziphi izisebenzi ezingenzi njengoba zitsheliwe,” kubhala umagazini i-People Weekly. UJesu wathi: “Isisebenzi sifanele inkokhelo yaso.” (Luka 10:7) Kumelwe ukuba izisebenzi ezingababaleki ziyazibuza ukuthi siyosebenza nini lesisimiso ekuphileni kwazo.

Labo Abafundisa Abantwana Bethu

Manje, cabanga ngalabo imisebenzi yabo ebenza bafanelekele ukufundisa abantwana nabantu abadala ukufunda, ukubhala, indlela yokubhala amagama, izibalo, izimfundiso eziyisisekelo zesayensi, indlela yokuziphatha endaweni yomsebenzi—izakhi eziyisisekelo zemfundo. Ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme, abafundisi bafundisa ezomthetho, ezokwelapha, isayensi yokuthakwa kwemithi, ubunjiniyela, nobuchwepheshe obuphakeme besayensi, imikhakha yemisebenzi enemali eningi kulenkathi yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kakhulu komkhakha wokufundisa, ingabe lababafundisi abayifanele yini inkokhelo efanele ukubaluleka kwenkonzo abayenzayo? Lapho beqhathaniswa nabantu abathola inkokhelo engawufanele ngokuphelele umsebenzi abawenzayo, kungabonakala ukuthi umphakathi uye wawubukela phansi umsebenzi wokufundisa.

Ekupheleni kwalelikhulu lama-20, kwezinye izindawo ukufundisa sekuphenduke umsebenzi oyingozi kakhulu, hhayi ezikoleni eziphakeme kuphela kodwa nasezikoleni zabaqalayo. Kwezinye izindawo othisha batshelwa ukuthi baphathe izinduku emakilasini nasezinkundleni zemidlalo ukuze bazivikele kubantwana abangalawuleki. Zonke izingane zesikole ziphatha izibhamu nemimese emabhokisini azo okudla kwasemini.

Othisha besilisa nabesifazane, baye balinyazwa abafundi ngokomzimba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje ezikoleni ezingamasekhondari, othisha abangaphezu kuka-47 000 nabafundi abayizigidi ezimbili nengxenye baye baba izisulu zobugebengu. “Lenkinga ikuyo yonke indawo,” kubika iphephandaba lothisha i-NEA Today, “kodwa yimbi kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, lapho unyaka ngamunye kunamathuba amaningi kakhulu okuba uthisha ahlaselwe esikoleni.” Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa notshwala ezikoleni okusakazeke kabanzi kuye kwakhulisa ukukhungatheka kothisha.

Ukwenezela emthwaleni wabo, kwezinye izindawo othisha kulindeleke ukuba bathuthukise imfundo yabo kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, basebenzise isikhathi sabo samaholide ukuze bathuthukise izifundo zabo noma baye emihlanganweni yothisha abasemkhakheni wabo. Nokho, ingabe kungakumangalisa ukuzwa ukuthi kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu ase-United States, inkokhelo yabanakekeli besikole—abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokulungisa nokugcina izikole zihlanzekile—ingadlula eyothisha ngama-dollar angu-20 000 (R66 000)?

Amaholo othisha ayehluka ezweni ngalinye, esifundeni ngasinye. Kwamanye amazwe isilinganiso seholo lothisha singesiphansi kunazo zonke. Ngisho nasemazweni acebe kakhulu, imibiko ibonisa ukuthi ngenxa yomthwalo wemfanelo osemahlombe abafundisi, inkokhelo yabo ayibafanele.

Njengoba kubikwe kuyi-New York Times, omunye umcubunguli wamaholo othisha nabafundisi wathi: “Imisebenzi edinga ukuzinikezela e-United States, njengokufundisa . . . , ibilokhu ingekhokhelwa kancane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi umphakathi ubulokhu ucabanga ukuthi, ‘phela, [umsebenzi] wabo, yilokho abajabulela ukukwenza.’ Angicabangi ukuthi lokho kulungile, futhi angicabangi ukuthi kuwukuhlakanipha ngempela.” Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela lombiko owanyatheliswa kuyi-New York Times: “Ngonyaka wemfundo ka-1991-92 amaholo asemakolishi nawasemayunivesithi anyuka ngezinga elincane kunawo wonke eminyakeni engu-20,” isilinganiso samaphesenti angu-3,5. “Lapho lamaphesenti angu-3,5 evunyelaniswa nokwenyuka kwamanani,” kuphawula umcwaningi othile, “amaholo enyuka ngamaphesenti amancane kakhulu angu-0,4.” Kuyanda ukukhathazeka kokuthi ngenxa yamaholo amancane akhokhelwa abafundisi abafanelekayo, abaningi bangase bawushiye umsebenzi wokufundisa bafune imisebenzi eholela kangcono.

Kukhona Nezemidlalo

Isibonelo esivelele samaholo angalawuleki izwe lezemidlalo. Ingabe izisebenzi ezimpofu ezingababaleki nabafundisi abangaholelwa ngokufanele bawabheka kanjani amaholo asaphazwayo anikezwa abadlali?

Ingabe iphoyisa elivamile nesisebenzi esicisha umlilo esisabela ekuhlatshweni komkhosi—abantu ababeka ukuphila kwabo engozini nsuku zonke emsebenzini—bayajabula uma bebona amaholo amangalisayo anikezwa abadlali abakhokhelwayo ngoba bebhekwa njengosaziwayo? Kulelishumi leminyaka elidlule, e-United States, amaphoyisa angaphezu kuka-700 aye abulawa emsebenzini. Ukufa kwabacishi-mlilo nakho kusezingeni eliphakeme. Nokho, endaweni yonke kuyaqapheleka ukuthi labochwepheshe baholelwa kancane kakhulu. Ingabe akufanele bayingabaze indlela umphakathi obheka ngayo ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi yabo nokuphila kwabo?

Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga nge-baseball—umdlalo oyinhloko okhanga abathandi bezemidlalo abaningi e-United States, eCanada, naseJapane. E-United States abadlali besigaba esiphakeme bahola ama-dollar angaphezu kwesigidi (amaRandi ayizigidi ezintathu) ngonyaka. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yomdlalo we-baseball ngo-1992, abadlali abayikhulu basayina izivumelwano ezazizobakhokhela bonke ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-516 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,70). Kulaba, abangu-23 basayina izivumelwano zama-dollar angaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-9) ngonyaka. Okwedlula lenkokhelo eshaqisayo yabadlali abangadumile yizivumelwano zalabo abadume kakhulu, abasayina izivumelwano zama-dollar angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-43 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-140) iminyaka eyisithupha umdlali ngamunye nama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-36 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-120) iminyaka emihlanu umdlali ngamunye. Unyaka ngamunye amaholo ahlala ekhuphuka, futhi kugcinwa imilando emisha yalabo abakhokhelwa kakhulu kunabo bonke emlandweni we-baseball. Nasemdlalweni webhola likanobhutshuzwayo kukhona abadlali abahola amaholo aphakeme kakhulu afinyelela esilinganisweni sama-dollar angu-500 000 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1,60).

Lamaholo aphakamisa umbuzo, Ingabe umfundi ovamile angacabanga ezuza isheke lama-dollar angu-62 500 (R207 500) ngesonto? “Nokho yilokho kanye okwenziwa yibo bonke labobadlali abadlala emuva kuyi-National Football League abahola izigidi zama-dollar ngesonto phakathi nenkathi yezemidlalo engamasonto angu-16,” kubika i-New York Times. “Noma kuthiwani ngomdlali we-baseball ohola ama-dollar ayizigidi ezimbili [amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-7], othola isheke lama-dollar angu-75,000 [R250 000] njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili? Ngemva kokukhishwa kwezintela, usala nama-dollar angu-50 000 [R166 000] ukuze amnakekele phakathi nezikhathi ezinzima kuze kufike umhlaka-15 enyangeni.” Lokhu akuhlanganisi imali umdlali odumile ayikhokhelwayo ngenxa yokuvela kwakhe ezikhangisweni, amabhola e-baseball anesignesha yakhe, izinto ezinesignesha yakhe azinikeza abalandeli bakhe, nezimali azithola ngenxa yokuvela phambi kwezilaleli, kukonke okungafinyelela ezigidini. Lapha futhi, yini engacatshangwa uthisha ohola imali encane uma ngonyaka ehola imali encane kunaleyo umdlali ayihola emdlalweni owodwa?

Ngenxa yamandla ethelevishini, ompetha begalofu, ithenisi, i-basketball, ne-hockey nabo baye bathola izizumbulu zemali. Inzuzo yabadlali abadumile emikhakheni yabo ingafinyelela ezigidini. Umdlali odumile we-hockey usayina isivumelwano sama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-42 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-139) isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyisithupha. Ngeminyaka emihlanu, omunye umdlali we-hockey uthola ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-22 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-73), isilinganiso sama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-4,4 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-15) ngenkathi yezemidlalo ngisho noma engazange adlale eqenjini lakhe ngenxa yokulimala noma ukugula.

Komunye umdlalo wethenisi owawuphakathi kwabadlali ababili abakhokhelwayo abasezingeni eliphezulu, owesilisa nowesifazane—owabizwa ngokuthi “Impi Yobulili”—laba ababili bancintisana ngokuzimisela enkundleni yethenisi ngenxa yokuthi onqobile uwuthatha wonke umklomelo ongama-dollar angu-500 000 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1,6). Nakuba owesilisa awuwina lomklomelo, kubikwa ukuthi bobabili bathola “imali enkulu ngenxa yokudlala, engazange imenyezelwe kodwa elinganiselwa kuma-dollar asukela ku-200 000 [R600 000] kuya kwangu-500 000 [amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1,6].”

Emazweni anjengeBrithani, i-Italy, iJapane, neSpain, uma sibala ambalwa, amaholo abadlali abakhokhelwayo aye enyuka kakhulu—izamba ezishaqisayo ezifinyelela ezigidini zamaRandi. Konke lokhu kwashukumisela omunye umdlali odumile wethenisi ukuba abize amaholo aleminyaka yawo-90 ngokuthi “ichilo.”

Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi abadlali abakhokhelwayo kumelwe basolwe ngenxa yalamaholo aphakeme. Abanikazi beqembu abaholela abadlali abadlala kakhulu. Abadlali bamane nje bathathe lokho abakunikezwayo. Abadlali bangaheha abalandeli ukuba basekele amaqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi yomdlalo we-baseball nowebhola likanobhutshuzwayo ngo-1992, kwaba nabantu abaningi ezinkundleni zezemidlalo. Lokhu namalungelo okusakaza ethelevishini kuye kwalethela abanikazi imali ngazo zonke izindlela. Ngakho, abanye bacabanga ukuthi abadlali bamane nje bahola imali ebafanele.

Amaholo amaningi ngokweqile akhokhelwa ukushaya ibhola leqe inetha, lingene emgodini, noma liphumele ngaphandle kwepaki lokudlala, uma eqhathaniswa nenkokhelo encane yezisebenzi ezingababaleki ezisebenza kanzima amahora amaningi elangeni elishisayo ukuze zivune ukudla, kuwumfanekiso odabukisayo wesimo sezinto ezingamagugu emphakathini ocebile.

Cabanga ngesinye isibonelo esivelele, isimo somunye uchwepheshe odumile. Njengoba ayesebenzise ama-dollar angaphansi kwezigidi ezimbili (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-7) ukuze acwaninge ngomuthi wokugomela uvendle, usosayensi waseMelika uJonas Salk nabacwaningi ayesebenza nabo basebenza kanzima amahora amaningi endlini yokucwaninga benza imithi ehlukahlukene, beyivivinya ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngo-1953, uSalk wamemezela ukusetshenziswa komuthi wokugoma owawuhlolwa. Phakathi kwabokuqala abathola lokhu kuhlolwa kwalomuthi kwakunguye uSalk, umkakhe, namadodana abo amathathu. Lomuthi wokugoma watholakala uphephile futhi uphumelela. Namuhla, uvendle seluqedwe cishe ngokuphelele.

USalk wathola iziqu eziningi ngenxa yokuba nengxenye eyingqayizivele ekuvimbeleni lesisifo esibulalayo nesikhubazayo. Nakuba kunjalo, wenqaba ukwamukela noma yimiphi imiklomelo yemali. Waphindela endlini yakhe yokucwaninga ukuze athuthukise lomuthi wokugoma. Ngokusobala, umvuzo wakhe wangempela kwakungeyona imali kodwa kwakungukwaneliseka ngokubona abantwana nabazali bekhululekile ekwesabeni lengozi enkulu.

Ekugcineni, cabanga ufundiswa ngamathemba okuphila phakade emhlabeni oyipharadesi, lapho ukugula, izifo, nosizi kuyobe kungasekho khona phakade. Cabanga ngezamba ezinkulu zamaholo eziyovunwa abafundisi bezindaba ezinhle kanjalo. Nokho, bangabafundisi bezinga eliphakeme, bafundisa mahhala! Abatholi mvuzo wemali! Lapho uJesu ethi ‘izisebenzi ziyifanele inkokhelo yazo,’ wayengakhulumi ngamaholo alababafundisi bezindaba ezinhle. (Luka 10:7) Wathi bayozithola izidingo zabo. Kwabanjalo wabuye wathi: “Namukelisiwe ngesihle, yiphani ngesihle.” (Mathewu 10:8) Uyoba yini umvuzo wabo? Yebo, lokho kanye uJesu, umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke abake baphila, akuthembisa—ukuphila okuphakade emhlabeni ohlanziwe, oyipharadesi. Amaholo ayizigidigidi ngeke alingane nalokho!

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 9] Imali, Udumo, Noma Izidakamizwa—Yikuphi?

Ukuheha kodumo nezigidi zamaRandi okungatholakala emidlalweni ekhokhelwayo kuye kwashukumisela intsha ukuba iphendukele ekusebenziseni ama-steroid akhulisa izicubu okwesikhashana ukuze ibe nemizimba eyizidlakela ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. UDkt. William N. Taylor, oyilungu le-U.S. Olympic Drug Control Program, waxwayisa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalezidakamizwa sekufinyelele ‘emazingeni awumqedazwe.’ Kulinganiselwa ukuthi e-United States kuphela, abasebasha abangaba ngu-250 000 basebenzisa ama-steroid.

Omunye umdlali okhokhelwayo webhola likanobhutshuzwayo wathi: “Ekolishi ukucindezela kokusebenzisa ama-steroid akukholeki. Abasubathi abazicabangi izinkinga ezingase zivele eminyakeni engu-20 kamuva uma besebenzisa ama-steroid. Abakucabangi okungase kuvele ezinsukwini ezingu-20 kamuva, ikakhulukazi uma befunda ekolishi. Isimo sengqondo somsubathi, ikakhulukazi lapho esemncane, siwukuthi: Ngizokwenza noma yini engangenza ngibe umsubathi odumile.”

“Uma ngifuna ukuba umdlali,” kusho omunye umdlali odumile webhola likanobhutshuzwayo, “kumelwe ngiwasebenzise. . . . Kunokuncintisana okukhulu endaweni yokuzivivinya. Unyaka ngamunye ufuna ukuba isidlakela futhi ube namandla, futhi ubona abanye beba yizo, bese nawe ufuna ukuba yiso. Lesosimo sengqondo siyakubusa.” Nokho, naphezu kwalowomuzwa, lomsubathi, ngaphandle kosizo lwama-steroid, waba yilokho ayefisa ukuba yikho—umdlali okhokhelwayo webhola likanobhutshuzwayo. Ukholelwa ukuthi ama-steroid “ayingozi kakhulu emdlalweni kunemilaliso etholakala esitaladini.”

Odokotela kanye nalabo abaye babhekana nemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu yama-steroid nezinye izidakamizwa ezikhulisa izicubu baye babhala izincwadi ezinkulu ezinokwaziswa. Ukusabela komzimba okubi kakhulu kuye kwaphumela ekufeni.

Camerique/H. Armstrong Roberts

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

Izisebenzi ezingababaleki zivuna i-“garlic” eGilroy, eCalifornia

[Umthombo]

Camerique/H. Armstrong Roberts

[Isithombe ekhasini 8]

Ingabe othisha abawafanele amaholo abo?

[Isithombe ekhasini 10]

E-United States kuphela abadlali besigaba esiphakeme be-“baseball” bahola ama-“dollar” angaphezu kwesigidi (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu) ngonyaka

[Umthombo]

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