Impikiswano Ngenkulisa

Iyindawo ejabulisayo. Izindlu okudlalwa kuzo zipendwe ngemibala emihle futhi zahlotshiswa ngezithombe nangemidwebo yezingane ezincane. Amathoyizi nezinye izinto zokudlala zibekwe ngobunono emashalofini. Futhi indawo izwakala umsindo wezingane.

“Sinakekela cishe izingane eziyi-130,” kusho uBemice Spence, owesifazane ongumama ophethe lenkulisa. Futhi empeleni lezingane zivelaphi? “Ingxenye enkulu yazo, iyizingane zabazali abasebenzayo abahlala eduze. Izisebenzi zethu? Iningi lazo lingothisha abaqeqeshiwe.’

INKULISA eqondiswa kahle enezisebenzi ezinakekelayo nezinekhono inikeza umbono omuhle. Abazali bazizwa belondekile uma izingane zabo zinakekelwa endaweni enjalo. Nokho, izinkulisa ziyizindawo ezidala izimpikiswano. Ngani? Ngenxa yokuthi, akuvamile ukuba zonke izinkulisa zibe ezezinga elihle. Ezinye azinakekelwa ngokufanele, aziqondiswa ngokufanele, zinezisebenzi ezingafaneleki, futhi ziminyanisa izingane njengezimpahla.

EDolobheni laseNew York inkulisa ekhokhelwa umphakathi ngokuvamile esezingeni elihle. Kodwa kuzobiza idolobha amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-402 ngo-1987—okungaphezu kweziR9 600 ngengane ngayinye! Emazweni anjengeSweden, lapho ohulumeni baye babekela eceleni isamba esikhulu semali yezinkulisa, ngokufanayo kuba khona izinga eliphakeme lokunakekela. Kodwa emazweni asathuthuka, futhi ngisho nakweminye imiphakathi yaseU.S., izimali zenkulisa ezikhishwa umphakathi azanele. Uyini umphumela? Izingane zingase zithole ukunakekelwa kwezinga eliphansi.

Ukunakekela Ingane Kuyathengiswa

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho nasezinkulisa ezenza inzuzo. Yebo, kuneziningi ezinhle. Nokho, ezinye izinkulisa, zinciphisa izindleko ngokwabela abanakekeli abambalwa izingane ezengeziwe. Noma zonge ngokunikeza abaqashwa iholo elingakhushulwa—okubalekisa izisebenzi eziqeqeshwe kangcono.

Yiqiniso, izisebenzi eziningi zasenkulisa zibekezelela iholo elincane ngoba zimane nje zithanda izingane. Kodwa yini engenzeka uma ukuzinikela okunjalo kuntuleka? Usamuel nomkakhe bakuthola. Bobabili babephethe inkulisa eLagos, eNigeria—kwaze kwaba yilapho bazizwa bephoqelekile ukuba bayivale. USamuel uyakhumbula: “Noma nini lapho umkami kumelwe ayothenga noma ahanjiswe ezinye izizathu, lapho ebuya uzothola ukuthi abasizi kade bengasazinakekeli izingane.”—Bheka ikhasi 6.

EUnited States, izinkulisa ezenza inzuzo kumelwe zandise ukuhlola kwezisebenzi ezigunyazayo. Kodwa iNewsweek iyabika: “Izidingo eziningi ezigunyazayo azinakwa, futhi izisebenzi zikahulumeni azinayo imali noma amandla okuqondisa umsebenzi wenkulisa.”

Amakhaya Ezinkulisa

Okucishe kufane nezinkulisa amakhaya ahlalisa izingane, amakhaya angekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni lapho kunakekelwa khona amaqembu amancane ezingane. Njengoba ebiza kancane kunezinkulisa, athandwa kakhulu, cishe abheka izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zezingane zaseU.S. ezinakekela ngaphandle kwekhaya. Ngokuvamile umama wasenkulisa ungumzali ngokwakhe.

Enganeni, ikhaya lasenkulisa linganikeza isimo esifana nesasekhaya, owesifazane onothando oyinakekelayo, kanye nobungane beqenjana lezingane. Kodwa ngokuvamile kuncane okwenziwayo kokunakekela izindawo ezinjalo. Ngakho iGlobe and Mail yaseToronto ibika ukuthi izinga lamakhaya asenkulisa eCanada lisuka “kokuhle ngokukhethekile kuye kokubi kakhulu.” Amaphesenti ayishumi amakhaya asenkulisa ayengalondekile ngezingane.

Inkulisa—Izithinta Kanjani Izingane?

Ngenxa yokuthi inkulisa ihlanganisa izinga elibanzi kangaka, abacwaningi baye baba nesikhathi esinzima befuna indlela yangempela inkulisa ethinta ngayo izingane. Iqiniso, abanye abameleli benkulisa bayikhulumela kahle. UAlison ClarkeStewart encwadini yakhe iDaycare uthi: “Izindaba ezinhle ezivela kukho konke ukuhlola—eCanada, eNgilandi, eSweden, eCzechoslovakia, eUnited States— ukuthi ukunakekela endaweni eyinkulisa efanele akunayo imiphumela eyingozi ebonakalayo ekuthuthukeni okungokwengqondo kwezingane.” Okunye ukuhlola kubonisa ngisho nokuthi izingane ezisuka emikhayeni ethola inzuzo encane ziyazuza ekukhalipheni ngokwengqondo enkulisa!

Nokho, abacwaningi uBelsky noSteinberg bayaxwayisa: “Ngokwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu, ukucwaninga enkulisa kuye kwenziwa ezindaweni ezisekelwe noma ezihlangene neyunivesithi ezinesilinganiso esiphakeme sezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe nabantwana nezinhlelo ezihlelwe kahle. . . . Nokho,ngaphandle kokungabaza iningi lezinkulisa ezitholakala kubazali besizwe azizona ezaloluhlobo futhi zingase zingabi ezalelizinga.” (Omalukeke sizenzele) Pho-ke, izingane ezisezinkulisa eziningi zaloluhlobo ziqhuba kanjani? UBelsky noSteinberg baphetha: “Ngokushaqisayo sazi okuncane kakhulu ngethonya lezinkulisa ezinganeni.”—iphephabhuku iChild Development, umqulu 49. amakhasi 929-30.

Kwaziwa okuncane ngisho nangokwengeziwe ngomphumela wamakhaya okuhlalisa izingane—lawo enza ingxenye enkulu yokunakekela. Nokho, kuyabonakala ukuthi umama wasenkulisa angase enze okuncane kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwengane ngokwengqondo nangokwemizwelo; ukukhathalela kwakhe kungase kube kuncane kakhulu kunokuyondla nokuyigcina ingagangi kuze kubuye umama. Ngakho izingane zasekhaya lenkulisa ngokuvamile zitholakala zicambalele phambi kweTV.

Kuncane kakhulu futhi okwaziwayo ngokuthi inkulisa ibuthinta kanjani ubuhlobo obungokomzwelo phakathi kukamama nomntwana noma ukuthi abantwana basondelene ngezinga elingakanani nabanakekeli babo. Nokho, ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi izingane eziningi lapho zikhethiswa phakathi kukamama nesisebenzi sasenkulisa, zisakhetha umama.

Izinkinga Zokuthintana Nontanga

Enye inzuzo yenkulisa ukuthi izingane zifunda ukusebenzelana kangcono nontanga. Nokho, kunomunye umphumela kulokhu. Isaga seBhayibheli sithi: “Ukujwayelana nababi konakalisa ukuziphatha okuhle.” (1 Korinte 15:33) Ukuhlola okuvela eUnited States naseYurophu kubonisa ukuthi izingane zasenkulisa zithambekele ekubeni ‘nochuku kakhulu, zinokubambisana okuncane kakhulu nabantu abadala, zizithemba kakhulu, azilaleli, futhi azethuswa kakhulu isijeziso kunezingane ezikhuliswa emakhaya.’

UAlison Clarke-Stewart uthi ukuziphatha okunjalo empeleni “kubonisa ukuvuthwa okukhulu nempumelelo kwezenhlalo kunokuba kube yinto yokukhathazeka ngayo.” Kodwa lokhu kungase kungabaduduzi kangako abazali ababona ingane eyayizithoba ithuka inhlamba, ikakhulukazi uma labobazali benza umzamo wokufaka izimiso zeBhayibheli enganeni yabo.—Efesu 4:29.

Izingozi Zempilo

Inkulisa futhi inezingozi zempilo. ICDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control) ikhuluma “ngesidingo esikhulayo sokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo lezo ngokuvamile ezithinta izingane enkulisa.” Lezizifo ezibizwa ngokuthi ezasenkulisa zihlanganisa isifo sokusha kwesibindi sesigaba A, neshigellosis (isihudo esingathi sina), neHemophilus influenzae uhlobo B (isifo esibangwa amabacteria). Ukuhuda nomkhuhlane kuyizimpawu ezivamile. Ngokuvamile isifo siwumphumela wezingane eziningi ezithambekele ekufakeni yonke into emlonyeni yazo nezingaqeqeshelwanga imikhuba efanele yenhlanzeko.

Nokho, inkulisa enhle, ithatha izixwayiso zokuvikela impilo ngokungathi sina. Umeluleki wenkulisa uDelores Alexander wachaza: “Sifundisa izingane ukuba ziwashe izandla zazo emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, futhi

asizamukeli izingane esaziyo ukuthi ziyagula.” UBernice Spence umqondisi weWilloughby House wenezela ngokuthi: “Uma ingane igula phakathi nosuku, ngokuvamile sibiza umzali futhi simtshele ukuba ayiyise ekhaya.” Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwasikhathi sonke kwezisebenzi nokwezingane nakho kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela izifo kusengaphambili.

Noma kunjalo, umcwaningi uClarke-Stewart uyavuma: “Izingane ezisezinkulisa ziphathwa kakhulu imfuluwenza, ukuqubuka, imfiva, nomkhuhlane kunezingane ezisemakhaya . . . Ikhala elivimbene lengane lingase libe umvuzo wabazali abazimisele ukubhekana nawo ngokuyisa izingane zabo enkulisa lapho bona besebenza.” Kodwa ngombono walokhu osekuphawuliwe, kubonakala sengathi inkulisa ingahlanganisa izingozi ezinemiphumela emikhulu kunekhala elivimbene. Ngakho-ke, kusho ukuthini konke lokhu, ngomama abanomuzwa wokuthi kumelwe basebenze?

mela wayo ezinganeni. Ngakhoke abazali kumelwe babhekane neqiniso lokuthi inkulisa inazo zombili izici ezinhle kanye nezimbi, nokuthi akuzona zonke izinkulisa ezinakekela ngokusezingeni eliphezulu. Kumelwe kucatshangwe ngokungathi sina ngaphambi kokubeka ingane enkulisa.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 6]

Inkulisa Nokuxhashazwa Ngokobulili

Muva nje kuye kwanikezwa ukuqashelwa okwengeziwe ngehiazo lokuxhashazwa kwezingane okuhilela izisebenzi zasenkulisa. Ingabe izinkulisa ziyindawo yabantu abafuna ukuba nobulili nezingane nabantu abadlalisa izithombe ezingcolile zezingane?

Umbuzo onjalo uvusa imizwelo enamandla ezisebenzini eziningi zasenkulisa. UBernice Spence, umqondisi wenkulisa, wathi, “Kungicasula ngempela lokho, ngiyakuzonda ukubona inkulisa ithola igama elibi. Abantu abaningi engibaziyo enkulisa bangabantu abazinikezele—bayazinakekela izingane.”

Nokho, abaqondisi abanomthwalo wemfanelo, baye bathatha izinyathelo eziqinile. IPhaphama! yakhuluma noDoby Flowers, isekela lomqondisi weAgency for Child Development eDolobheni laseNew York. Izingane ezingaphezu kwezi-40 000 zibhaliswe ezinhlelweni zasenkulisa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe. UNkosazana Flowers wathi: “Sizihlola ngokuphelele izisebenzi zethu zasenkulisa. Siyahlola ukuthi azinawo yini amacala obugebengu noma okuxhaphaza abantwana. Futhi kusukela ngo-1984, zonke izisebenzi zasenkulisa kumelwe zinyatheliswe iminwe.”

Ingabe labo abaphatha kabi izingane bakhangwa umsebenzi wasenkulisa? U Nkosazane Flowers waphendula: “Kukhona ababa nobulili nezingane emahlelweni enkolo, ehlelweni Iwabomthetho, nolwemfundo. Inani labantu ababa nobulili nezingane lihlanganisa abantu abavela kuzo zonke izizinda umsebenzi, uhlanga, nobuzwe.” Nokho, njengoba uDr. Roland Summit, wezifo zengqondo ophathelene nokwelapha izingane ezixhashazwe ngokobulili, ekubeka: “Ingozi yokoniwa kwengane yanda ngokushesha nje lapho ingane isuswa eduze nokunakekela kukamama wayo wangempela.”

Ngakho, yini abazali abanezingane ezisenkulisa okumelwe bayenze? UDoby Flowers uthi: “Lalela ingane yakho! Hlala phansi uxoxe nengane yakho. Bheka ushintsho ekuziphatheni noma izimpawu zokukhathazeka, njengokuchama ilele noma ukungasathandi ukuya enkulisa okungazelele.” Ukuqapha kobuzali nokufundiswa komntwana yizikhali ezingcono kakhulu zokulwisana nokuxhashazwa kwezingane.—Bheka iPhaphama! yesiNgisi kaJanuary 22, 1985, ethi “Child Molesting—You Can Protect Your Child.”

[Isithombe ekhasini 5]

Inkulisa Abuthinta kanjani ubuhlobo obuphakathi kukamama nengane?