Impatho Kwezempilo Nokuhlinza Ngaphandle Kwegazi
EMINYAKENI yamuva nje kuye kwaba nentuthuko engakaze ibonwe emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Nokho, lapho kuxazululwa izinkinga zokwelapha, enye intuthuko iye yabangela izinkinga ngokwempatho.
Odokotela kumelwe bacabange ngezinkinga ezinjengalezi: Kufanele yini ukuba ukwelapha okuzwisa ubuhlungu kuyekwe ngezinye izikhathi ukuze isiguli sife ngokuthula? Kufanele yini ukuba udokotela asishaye indiva isinqumo sesiguli uma enomuzwa wokuthi lokho kungokwenzuzo yaso? Lapho indlela yokwelapha ebizayo ingatholakali kubo bonke abantu, ukunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele kwabiwe kanjani ngokulinganayo?
Lezi zingqinamba ziye zenza kwacatshangelwa umkhakha wezokwelapha obizwa ngokuthi i-bioethics (impatho kwezokwelapha). Lomkhakha uhloselwe ukusiza odokotela nososayensi ukuba basingathe indlela ukucwaninga kwesayensi nentuthuko yezokwelapha okuthinta ngayo ukuphathwa kwabantu. Njengoba kuba nezinqumo eziningi ezinkulu okudingeka zenziwe ezibhedlela, izibhedlela eziningi ziye zamisa amakomiti aphathelene nempatho kwezempilo. Ngokuvamile amalungu ekomiti—ahlanganisa odokotela nabameli—aya emihlanganweni ephathelene nempatho kwezempilo, lapho kucutshungulwa izinkinga eziphathelene nempatho kwezokwelapha.
Imibuzo evame ukuphakanyiswa emihlanganweni enjalo ethi: Odokotela kufanele bazihloniphe ngezinga elingakanani izinkolelo zoFakazi BakaJehova okuthi, ngokuyinhloko, ngenxa yezizathu ezingokwenkolo benqabe ukwamukela ukumpontshelwa igazi? Kufanele yini ukuba udokotela ampompele isiguli igazi ngokuphambene nesifiso saso uma lokho kubonakala “kufanelekile” ngokwezokwelapha? Kungaba yini yimpatho enhle ukwenza kanjalo isiguli singazi, njengokungathi ‘lokho isiguli esingakwazi ngeke kusilimaze’?
Ukuze basingathe izindaba ezinjalo ngendlela efanele, odokotela kudingeka bawuqonde kahle umbono woFakazi. Ngasohlangothini lwabo, oFakazi BakaJehova bazimisele ukuchazela odokotela ukuma kwabo, beqaphela ukuthi ukuqondana kungasiza ekugwemeni ukungezwani.
Ukubonisana
UProfesa Diego Gracia, isazi saseSpain esivelele sempatho kwezempilo, wayefuna ukuba iqembu lakhe libe nengxoxo enjalo. “Kungokufanelekile ukuba nina [oFakazi BakaJehova] ninikwe ithuba lokuzwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwenu . . . ngenxa yobunzima eniye naba nabo ngokumpontshelwa kwegazi,” kusho loprofesa.
Ngakho, ngo-June 5, 1996, abameleli boFakazi BakaJehova abathathu bamenyelwa eComplutense University eseMadrid, eSpain, ukuze bachaze umbono wabo. Kwakukhona odokotela abangaba ngu-40 kanye nabanye ochwepheshe.
Ngemva kokuba oFakazi benikeze inkulumo emfushane, kwadedelwa imibuzo. Bonke ababekhona bavumelana ngokuthi isiguli esingumuntu omdala kufanele sibe nelungelo lokwenqaba uhlobo oluthile lokwelapha. Leli qembu lalikholelwa nawukuthi ukumpontshelwa kwegazi akufanele nanini kwenziwe ngaphandle kwemvume yesiguli esiyinikeze ngemva kokwaziswa ngenqubo. Nokho lalikhathazwa izici ezithile zokuma koFakazi.
Omunye umbuzo wawuphathelene nemali. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwegazi kuhilela izinto ezikhethekile, njengokuhlinzwa nge-laser, kanye nemithi ebizayo, njenge-erythropoietin, esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Omunye udokotela wabuza ukuthi akunakwenzeka yini ukuthi, ngokwenqaba indlela eshibhile yokwelapha (igazi lomunye umuntu), oFakazi balindele ukuba izinkonzo zokwelapha zomphakathi zibanike amalungelo athile akhethekile.
Lapho eqaphela ukuthi imali ngempela iyisici okufanele sicatshangelwe odokotela, ummeleli woFakazi wabhekisela ekuhloleni okunyathelisiwe okucubungula izindleko ezifihlekile zokumpontshelwa kwegazi lomunye umuntu. Lezi zindleko zihlanganisa izindleko zokwelapha izinkinga ezihlobene nokumpontshelwa kwegazi, kanye neholo elilahleka ngenxa yalezo zinkinga. Wacaphuna ukuhlola okubanzi kwase-United States okwakubonisa ukuthi nakuba ekuqaleni igazi eliyisilinganiso esivamile libiza amaRandi angu-1 100 kuphela, empeleni lalidala izindleko ezingaphezu kwamaRandi angu-5 700—imali ephindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu kuneyakuqala. Waveza ukuthi, ngenxa yalokho, lapho sekucatshangelwe zonke izici, ukuhlinza ngaphandle kwegazi kuyonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuningi kwalokho okuthiwa izindleko ezengeziwe zokuhlinza ngaphandle kwegazi kungamathuluzi angaphinde asetshenziswe.
Omunye umbuzo owawusezingqondweni zodokotela abaningana wawuphathelene nokucindezela kweqembu. Babuza ukuthi kuyokwenzekani uma uFakazi eyekethisa futhi avumele ukumpontshelwa igazi? Ingabe umphakathi woFakazi uyomkhipha inyumbazane?
Ukusabela kuyoxhomeka esimweni sangempela, ngoba ukungalaleli umthetho kaNkulunkulu kuyindaba engathi sína ngempela, edinga ukuhlolwa abadala bebandla. OFakazi bangathanda ukusiza noma yimuphi umuntu oye wabhekana nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kokuhlinzwa okusongela ukuphila futhi oye wamukela ukumpontshelwa igazi. Akungabazeki ukuthi uFakazi onjalo uyozizwa edabuke kakhulu futhi ekhathazekile ngobuhlobo bakhe noNkulunkulu. Umuntu onjalo angase adinge usizo nokuqonda. Njengoba umgogodla wobuKristu uwuthando, abadala bangathanda ukuqina kodwa babe nesihe, njengoba benza kuwo wonke amacala okwahlulela.—Mathewu 9:12, 13; Johane 7:24.
“Ngeke yini nikuhlaziye kabusha ukuma kwenu maduze nje?” kubuza uprofesa wempatho kwezempilo, owayevela e-United States. “Ezinye izinkolo ziye zenze njalo eminyakeni yamuva nje.”
Watshelwa ukuthi ukuma koFakazi ngokuphathelene nobungcwele begazi kuyinkolelo engokwemfundiso kunokuba kube umbono ophathelene nempatho okufanele ulokhu ubukezwa. Umyalo weBhayibheli ocacile awukuvumeli ukuyekethisa. (IzEnzo 15:28, 29) Ukwephula umthetho waphezulu onjalo kuyoba okungamukeleki kuFakazi njengokuvumela ukukhonza izithombe nobufebe.
OFakazi BakaJehova bakwazisa kakhulu ukuzimisela kodokotela—njengalabo ababekhona emhlanganweni wempatho kwezempilo eMadrid—ukuhlonipha isinqumo sabo sokufuna ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivumelana nezinkolelo zabo ezisekelwe eBhayibhelini. Akungabazeki ukuthi ulwazi lwempatho kwezempilo luyoba nengxenye ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlobo bukadokotela nesiguli nasekukhuthazeni ukuhlonishwa okwengeziwe kwezifiso zesiguli.
Njengoba kubikwa ukuthi kwasho udokotela waseSpain owaziwayo, odokotela kufanele bakhumbule njalo ukuthi ‘basebenza ngamathuluzi angaphelele nezindlela ezingaba yiphutha.’ Ngakho-ke badinga “ukuqiniseka ukuthi uthando kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ludlulele ngalé kwalapho ulwazi lungenakufinyelela khona.”