Ingabe Inzondo Iyoke Iphele?
NGISHO noma uke wabuka ukusakazwa kwezindaba okumbalwa kuthelevishini, ujwayelene nenzondo. Inzondo iyisici esivamile esiyisisekelo sokubulawa kwabantu abaningi ngesihluku okubonakala kushiya umkhondo onindwe igazi kulelizwe. Kusukela eBelfast kuya eBosnia, kusukela eJerusalem kuya eGoli, abantu abayizubukeli abaneshwa bayabulawa.
Ngokuvamile lezi zisulu azazani nalabo abazihlaselayo. Okuwukuphela “kobugebengu” bazo ukuthi kungenzeka ‘zingakolunye uhlangothi.’ Kulokhu kwenanana okuhlasimulisayo, ukufa okunjalo kungase kube ukuphindisela ngenxa yobudlova obuthile noma uhlobo oluthile “lokuhlanzwa kohlanga.” Isenzakalo ngasinye sobudlova sifeza injongo yokubhebhethekisa amalangabi enzondo phakathi kwamaqembu anobutha.
Lezi zigameko ezishaqisayo zenzondo zibonakala zanda. Izingxabano phakathi kwezihlobo ziqubuka phakathi kwezizwana, namaqembu ezinhlanga noma enkolo. Ingabe inzondo iyoke iqedwe? Ukuze siphendule lowo mbuzo, kudingeka siqonde izimbangela zenzondo, njengoba sasingazalelwanga ukuzonda.
Ukutshala Imbewu Yenzondo
UZlata Filipovic, intombazanyana yaseBosnia ehlala eSarajevo, akakakufundi ukuzonda. Encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zansuku zonke ubhala ngendlela eshukumisayo ngobudlova bezinhlanga: “Ngihlala ngibuza ukuthi Kungani? Kungani kwenzeka? Ubani onecala? Ngiyabuza kodwa angiyitholi impendulo. . . . Phakathi kwabangane bami abangamantombazane, phakathi kwabangane bethu, emkhayeni wakithi, kunabantu baseSerbia nabaseCroatia namaSulumane. . . . Sihlangana nabantu abahle, hhayi ababi. Futhi phakathi kwabahle kunabantu baseSerbia nabaseCroatia namaSulumane, njengoba bekhona naphakathi kwabantu ababi.”
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iningi lasebekhulile licabanga ngenye indlela. Likholelwa ukuthi linezizathu eziningi zokuba nenzondo. Kungani?
Ukungabi nabulungisa. Cishe imbangela eyinhloko yenzondo ukungabi nabulungisa nokucindezelwa. Njengoba iBhayibheli lisho, “ukucindezela kuyamhlanyisa ohlakaniphileyo.” (UmShumayeli 7:7) Lapho abantu benziwa izisulu noma bephathwa ngonya, kulula ukuba babe nenzondo ngabacindezeli babo. Ngisho noma ingase ibe isenzo esingenangqondo, noma ‘ubuhlanya,’ ngokuvamile inzondo ibhekiswa kulo lonke iqembu.
Nakuba ukungabi nabulungisa, okungokoqobo noma okucatshangelwayo, kungase kube imbangela eyinhloko yenzondo, akuyona ukuphela kwembangela. Enye imbangela ubandlululo.
Ubandlululo. Ngokuvamile ubandlululo luvela ekunganakini uhlanga oluthile noma iqembu lesizwe. Ngenxa yenzwabethi, inzondo engokwesiko, noma ukuphathana kabi nomuntu oyedwa noma ababili, abanye bangase babone izici ezimbi kulo lonke uhlanga noma isizwe. Lapho nje ubandlululo selugxilile, lungaphuphuthekisa abantu ukuba bangawaboni amaqiniso. “Abanye abantu siyabazonda ngoba asibazi; futhi ngeke sibazi ngoba siyabazonda,” kuphawula umlobi oyiNgisi uCharles Caleb Colton.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izazi zezombangazwe nezazi-mlando zingase ziluthuthukise ngamabomu ubandlululo ukuze zifeze izinjongo zezombangazwe noma zobuzwe. UHitler wayeyisibonelo esivelele. UGeorg, owayeyilungu lenhlangano okuthiwa iHitler Youth, uthi: “Inkulumo-ze yamaNazi yaqale yasifundisa ukuzonda amaJuda, kwase kuba abaseRussia, nazo zonke ‘izitha zoMbuso.’ Njengoba ngangisanda kweva eshumini nambili, ngakukholelwa lokho engakutshelwa. Kamuva, ngathola ukuthi ngangikhohlisiwe.” NjengaseJalimane lobuNazi nakwezinye izindawo, ukubandlululwa kwesizwe noma kohlanga kuye kwathethelelwa ngokusola ubuzwe, okungenye imbangela yenzondo.
Ubuzwe nobuhlanga. Encwadini yaso ethi The Cultivation of Hatred, isazi-mlando uPeter Gay sichaza lokho okwenzeka ekugqashukeni kwempi yezwe yokuqala: “Empini yokwethembeka ubuzwe baba namandla ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokwethembeka. Ukuthanda komuntu izwe lakubo nokuzonda izitha zalo kwanikeza isizathu esinamandla kakhulu sokuthethelela unya oluye lwavezwa ikhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye leminyaka.” Imizwa yobuzwe yaseJalimane yabangela ukuthandwa kakhulu kwengoma yempi eyaziwa ngokuthi “iHymn of Hate [iHubo Lenzondo].” Abashoshozeli benzondo eBrithani naseFrance, kuchaza uGay, baqamba izindaba ngamasosha aseJalimane edlwengula abesifazane futhi ebulala abantwana. USiegfried Sassoon, isosha eliyiNgisi, uchaza umongo wenkulumo-ze yempi yaseBrithani: “Kubonakala sengathi umuntu wayedalelwe ukuba abulale amaJalimane.”
Njengobuzwe, ukuphakanyiswa ngokweqile kwesizwe esithile noma uhlanga kungaphehla inzondo ngezinye izizwe noma izinhlanga. Ubuzwe buyaqhubeka bubangela ubudlova emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, kuyilapho ubuhlanga busakhathaza iNtshonalanga Yurophu neNyakatho Melika. Esinye isici esihlukanisayo esingahlangana nobuzwe inkolo.
Inkolo. Izingxabano eziningi ezingalawuleki zezwe zinesici esinamandla senkolo. ENorthern Ireland, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, nakwezinye izindawo, abantu bazondwa ngenxa yezinkolo abazimelele. Ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka adlule, umlobi oyiNgisi uJonathan Swift waphawula: “Simane sinezinkolo ezanele ukusenza sizonde, kodwa ezinganele ukusenza sithandane.”
Ngo-1933, uHitler watshela umbhishobhi wase-Osnabrück: ‘Ngokuphathelene namaJuda, ngiqhubeka nenqubo iSonto LamaKatolika elayamukela eminyakeni engu-1 500 edlule.’ Ukubulala kwakhe abantu abaningi ngesihluku okubangelwa inzondo akuzange kulahlwe abaholi abaningi bamasonto aseJalimane. Encwadini yakhe ethi A History of Christianity, uPaul Johnson uphawula ukuthi “iSonto laliwanquma amaKatolika ayebhala ezincwadini zawo zamafa ukuthi afisa ukushiswa lapho efa, . . . kodwa alizange liwenqabele ukuba asebenze emakamu okuhlushwa noma okubulala.”
Abanye abaholi benkolo baye badlulela ngalé kokuvuna inzondo—bayingcwelisile. Ngo-1936, ekugqashukeni kweMpi Yombango YaseSpain, uPapa Pius XI wagxeka ‘inzondo enobusathane bangempela ngoNkulunkulu’ abantu bakuleyoRepublic ababenayo—ngisho noma kwakunabapristi bamaKatolika ohlangothini lwabantu bakuleyoRepublic. Ngokufanayo, uKhadinali Gomá, umbhishobhi omkhulu waseSpain phakathi nempi yombango, wathi ‘ukuthula kwakungenakubuyiselwa ngaphandle komzabalazo wezikhali.’
Inzondo engokwenkolo ayibonisi zimpawu zokunqamuka. Ngo-1992 umagazini i-Human Rights Without Frontiers wasola indlela izikhulu ze-Greek Orthodox Church ezazibhebhezela ngayo inzondo ngoFakazi BakaJehova. Phakathi kwezibonelo eziningi, wabhekisela endabeni yompristi we-Greek Orthodox owabeka oFakazi ababili abaneminyaka engu-14 icala. Icala lani? Wabamangalela ‘ngokuzama ukumshintshisa inkolo yakhe.’
Imiphumela Yenzondo
Emhlabeni wonke, imbewu yenzondo iyatshalwa futhi iniselwe ngokungabi nabulungisa, ubandlululo, ubuzwe, nenkolo. Imiphumela engenakugwenywa intukuthelo, unya, impi, nokubhubhisa. Amazwi eBhayibheli akweyoku-1 Johane 3:15 asisiza ukuba sibone ukungathi sína kwalokhu: “Wonke umuntu ozonda umfowabo ungumbulali wabantu.” Ngokuqinisekile, lapho kuchuma khona inzondo, ukuthula—uma kukhona—kusengozini.
U-Elie Wiesel, owawina uMklomelo kaNobel nowasinda ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe, uyabhala: “Umsebenzi womuntu osindile uwukunikeza ubufakazi ngalokho okwenzeka . . . Kufanele uxwayise abantu ukuthi lezi zinto zingenzeka, ukuthi ububi bungabalekelwa. Inzondo yohlanga, ubudlova, ukukhonza izithombe—kusaqhubeka kwanda.” Umlando wekhulu lama-20 unikeza ubufakazi bokuthi inzondo ayiwona umlilo oyozicimela.
Ingabe inzondo iyoke isishulwe ezinhliziyweni zabantu? Ingabe inzondo iyabhubhisa ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma ingabe inabo ubuhle obuthile? Ake sibone.